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Biomedical subjects

T Tsuboi

Publications and source records attributed to T Tsuboi.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Immunopathological and ultrastructural studies on the tonsil of gnotobiotic pigs infected with strain 67N of haemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus.

The 67N strain of haemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus (HEV) was inoculated orally or nasally into ten 3-day-old gnotobiotic piglets. Tonsillar changes characterized by epithelial degeneration and lymphatic cell infiltration occurred in the crypt from post-inoculation days (PID) 5 to 7, and HEV was isolated from the tonsil on PID 3 and 5. Ultrastructurally, many HEV particles were found in the cisternae, cytoplasmic vesicules and extracellular spaces of crypt epithelium. Immunohistologically, many HEV particles were observed in the crypt epithelial cells in the early stage of infection. Thereafter, a large number of immunoglobulin (IgG, IgM and IgA)-containing cells were observed in the tonsil. The appearance of IgM-containing cells was coincident with the detection of neutralizing antibody in the serum. These findings suggest that HEV replication in the crypt epithelium stimulates the proliferative response of immunoglobulin (IgG, IgM and IgA)-producing cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Turner's syndrome: a qualitative and quantitative analysis of EEG background activity.

A qualitative and quantitative analysis was performed on the EEG background activity in 62 Danish girls and women with Turner's syndrome (30 with karyotype 45,X and 32 with other karyotypes) whose ages ranged from 6 to 47 years (87% were aged 15 years or more) and age-matched controls. The pooled data and a case-control study showed characteristic features in Turner subjects, including: (1) more rapid frequency, larger amplitude and lower amount of alpha waves, (2) higher amount of theta waves, (3) larger amplitude and higher amount of delta waves and (4) larger amplitude and higher amount of beta waves than in controls. These findings in Turner subjects were more pronounced in the left hemisphere, and more typical, except for the amplitude in alpha waves, in Turner subjects with 45,X than in those with other karyotypes. The effects of advancing age on the EEG background activity observed in controls--including more rapid frequency, decreased amplitude and amount of alpha waves, increased amount of theta and delta waves, and increased amount of beta waves, particularly after 35 years of age--were found in some Turner subjects. Hemispheric differences with higher activity (i.e. more rapid frequency, larger amplitude and higher amount of alpha waves, particularly at Fp1 and F3, and, inversely, lower amount of theta or delta waves) at P3, T3, T5 and O2 than at the opposite side were found in many Turner subjects. However, these findings were not specific for Turner subjects, since the same hemispheric differences were also observed much more markedly in controls. These topographic distributions with hemispheric differences did not provide evidence for hypofunction in the temporo-parieto-occipital tertiary area of the right hemisphere in Turner subjects, though this had been expected on the basis of neuropsychological examinations. Our findings, including transiently appearing brain hypofunction at the parietal, temporal and occipital areas, most often in the right hemisphere, indicate a relationship between the chromosomal constitution 45,X and EEG background activity. They suggest the presence of functional brain disturbance in the thalamus and in the ascending reticular activating system, which tends to disturb the thalamo-cortical circuit. Further studies, including topographic and sequential power spectrum analysis of EEG background activity, 24-h continuous EEG recording, blood flow studies (positron computerized tomography) and neuropathological examination, may be needed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Effect of infection with Spirometra erinacei plerocercoid on thyroid hormone in mice.

Young, male ICR mice were given tap water or distilled water containing 200 mg/l propylthiouracil (PTU) and were then infected with 10 plerocercoids of Spirometra erinacei to investigate the effect of plerocercoid infection on thyroid hormone in their hosts. Plerocercoid infection stimulated growth in PTU-induced hypothyroid mice as if they had never received PTU treatment: there were increases in weight in the liver, skeletal muscle, and spleen, as well as enhancement of the head and body length, in spite of a greater decrease in serum T4 levels than was observed in PTU-treated controls. Furthermore, the intact mice infected with plerocercoids showed a decrease in serum T4 levels as well as in the concentration of T4-binding globulin. These observations suggest that the growth stimulation and the decrease in concentrations of serum T4 and T4-binding globulin associated with plerocercoid infection in mice probably resulted from secretion of a growth hormone-like substance produced by plerocercoids of S. erinacei.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Establishment of dye-uptake method (A375 assay) for quantitative measurement of IL-1: correlation with LAF assay.

The dye-uptake method (A375 assay) for quantitative measurement of biological activity or recombinant human interleukin-1 (IL-1) was established based on the cytostatic activity of IL-1 on human melanoma A375 cells. Although various factors, e.g., incubation temperature, inoculum cell size and cell growth phase, were found to influence the titration to some degree, the assay-to-assay fluctuation in the observed titers determined by this method could be made minimum after normalization with the observed titer of a standard IL-1. A good correlation was observed between A375 and LAF assays. Thus, A375 assay was shown to be a stable and reliable method and could be replaced with LAF assay for quantitative measurement of recombinant human IL-1.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Genetic counseling in the epilepsies. I. Genetic risks.

Rules are proposed for genetic counseling in the epilepsies. In a first section, some attempts at subdividing epilepsies by dichotomous classifications are discussed critically. Then, the typical EEG patterns found in epileptic diseases as well as their genetic bases are described. The third section comprises various clearly defined and sufficiently well-described epileptic syndromes. In a fourth section, a kind of "record sheet" is suggested to help the genetic counselor in planning his procedure. Throughout this review, we have stressed that genetic counseling in the epilepsies should not be confined to risk assessment but should include considerations on course of the disease, prognosis, and chances of therapy.

Electroencephalography↗
PubMed1987

Genetic analysis of febrile convulsions: twin and family studies.

Thirty-two twin pairs and 673 sibship-cases with febrile convulsions (FC) were studied. Twin study: The pairwise concordance rate for FC was 56% (10/18 pairs) in monozygotic and 14% (2/14 pairs) in dizygotic twins (P less than 0.05). Intra-pair similarity of clinical symptoms in concordant twin pairs was greater than that in sibship-cases. Sibship-pair study (population): In sibship-pair study a large positive correlation of some clinical symptoms - in particular, age at onset of FC, exogenous factors, and degree of fever (P less than 0.001 for each) - was indicated. Compared with FC children with no family history, those with such family history had a higher frequency of age at onset between 8 and 19 months, exogenous factors, low degree of fever before onset of convulsions, many recurrences, and recurrence after age 3 (P less than 0.01-0.001 for each). Morbidity risk among near relatives was highest in first-degree relatives (16%) than in second (4.0%) or third-degree relatives (4.1%). The following differences were found: siblings (24%) greater than parents (12%), uncles (4.5%) greater than aunts (3.5%), male cousins (4.4%) greater than female cousins (3.8%). Segregation ratio, influence by affection of father or mother, and maternal preponderance were analysed. Similar findings were also observed in the clinic study. A multifactorial mode of inheritance for FC receives some support from this study, and the heritability was estimated to be 75% in the population study. The results may be useful for genetic counselling for FC.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1987

Carbohydrate metabolism in intact golden hamsters infected with plerocercoids of Spirometra erinacei (Cestoda: Diphyllobothriidae).

This study was performed to investigate the mechanism involved in a decrease in the serum glucose of golden hamsters infected with plerocercoids of Spirometra erinacei. The concentration of glucagon, the activity of glucose-6-phosphatase in the liver, and the in vivo incorporation of 2-deoxy-D-[1,2-3H]glucose into various organs increased in plerocercoid-infected hamsters compared with controls. Furthermore, the serum from the plerocercoid-infected hamsters enhanced the in vitro incorporation of [U-14C]glucose into adipose tissues, compared with control serum. The serum levels of immunoreactive insulin and somatomedin associated with nonsuppressible insulin-like activity in experimental animals, however, were not significantly different from those in controls. Therefore, we conclude that the decrease in serum glucose associated with plerocercoid infection is not the result of a decrease in gluconeogenesis, but the result of an increased utilization of glucose in the peripheral tissues.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1986

Evidence of the growth factor in mouse serum infected with Spirometra erinacei plerocercoids.

To investigate the action of the growth factor secreted by Spirometra erinacei plerocercoids, various organ weights, body weight and head-body length were measured in Snell normal and dwarf mice after injection with the serum from mice and rats. Serum from mice infected with the plerocercoids caused significant increases in the weights of the liver and spleen, in the same manner as mice infected with the plerocercoids. However, serum from rats infected with plerocercoids did not cause significant changes in these parameters. The growth factor in the serum of mice infected with plerocercoids was stable at -20 degrees C for at least 6 months and easily passed through the peritoneum.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Lipid metabolism in golden hamsters infected with plerocercoids of Spirometra erinacei (Cestoda: Pseudophyllidea).

Golden hamsters infected with Spirometra erinacei plerocercoids develop a hypertriglyceridaemia characterized by an increase in very low-density lipoprotein. Acyl-CoA synthetase activity, the rate of fatty acid synthesis in the liver and triglyceride production studies showed that the activation and synthesis of fatty acid and production of triglyceride in plerocercoid-infected hamsters were not significantly different from the controls. Lipase activity in post-heparin plasma was found to be suppressed in plerocercoid-infected golden hamsters. The presence of plerocercoids also resulted in a significant reduction in serum thyroxine, but the hypertriglyceridaemia associated with plerocercoid infection was not reversed by injecting the infected hamsters with 2 micrograms/day doses of L-thyroxine. The levels of serum immunoreactive insulin in plerocercoid-infected hamsters were not significantly different from the controls. We conclude that the hypertriglyceridaemia, associated with plerocercoid infection in hamsters, results predominantly from a suppression of triglyceride degradation, and that the suppression of lipase activity is probably not the result of hypothyroidism or the lack of insulin, but the result of secretion of growth hormone-like substances.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Effect of a prostaglandin E1 derivative (OP-1206) and acetylsalicylic acid on electrically induced thrombosis in guinea-pig mesenteric artery and its modification by an inhibitor of prostaglandin I2 synthetase, tranylcypromine.

The antithrombotic effect of a prostaglandin E1 derivative, OP-1206 (17S-20-dimethyl-trans-delta 2-PGE1) X alpha-cyclodextrin clathrate (OP-1206 X alpha-CD), was compared with that of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) in a electrically induced thrombosis model of guinea-pig mesenteric arteries using intact animals and animals subjected to the superfusion of tranylcypromine (TC, 15 mM) over their mesentery. The drug-effect was assessed by the change of the threshold voltage for the thrombus formation. 1) TC (1.5-15 mM) lowered the threshold voltage, and the effect was comparable to its inhibitory effect on PGI2 formation in vitro, suggesting that PGI2 generated in mesenteric arteries acts to prevent thrombus formation. 2) In intact animals, OP-1206 X alpha-CD at doses of 0.01-0.3 mg/kg, p.o. (as OP-1206), significantly and dose-dependently elevated the threshold voltage. ASA (30-1000 mg/kg, p.o.) significantly elevated the threshold voltage, but the effect reached to its maximum at 100 mg/kg and lessened with further increase of ASA. 3) In TC-treated animals, OP-1206 X alpha-CD elevated the threshold voltage dose-dependently, but the elevation of threshold voltage by ASA reached to its plateau level which was significantly lower than that obtained with OP-1206 X alpha-CD at 0.3 mg/kg, indicating that the antithrombotic effect of ASA is incomplete in this model.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Alprostadil↗