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Biomedical subjects

T Tuvemo

Publications and source records attributed to T Tuvemo.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Smooth muscle effects of lidocaine, prilocaine, bupivacaine and etiodocaine on the human umbilical artery.

The smooth muscle effects on human umbilical arteries of four different local anaesthetic agents - lidocaine, etidocaine, prilocaine and bupivacaine - were studied. Lidocaine and etidocaine relaxed the arteries, etidocaine more profoundly than lidocaine. Prilocaine in the concentration range 10-1,000 micrograms/ml caused pronounced contractions. Bupivacaine consistently evoked a contractile response in the concentration range 5-25 micrograms/ml, but at lower and higher concentrations the response to this drug was inconsistent. The concentrations of lidocaine were determined in six human umbilical arteries following maternal epidural block with this agent and were found to be 0.1 - 1.7 micrograms/g tissue. The contractile actions of prilocaine and bupivacaine on the human umbilical arteries are undesirable and might be hazardous if high concentrations are attained, e.g. during paracervical block.

Anesthesia, Epidural↗
PubMed1982

Serum apolipoproteins A-I, A-II and B in diabetic children and matched healthy controls.

Serum concentrations of apolipoprotein (apo) A-I. A-II and B were determined in 28 diabetic children (age 3-16 years) and 14 healthy matched controls. In the healthy children the serum apo A-I concentration was 120 +/- 20 arbitrary units (A.U.) (mean +/- S.D.), apo A-II 111 +/- 14 A.U. and apo B 100 +/- 34 A.U. (100 A.U. = mean concentration in adult blood donors). The apo A-I concentration was significantly higher in the diabetic children (134 +/- 13; p less than 0.02) than in the healthy controls. In diabetics apo A-II was 116 +/- 14 A.U. and apo B 106 +/- 21 A.U., values not significantly different from those in the controls. The serum cholesterol concentration in the healthy children correlated strongly to apo A-I and apo A-II, which was not the case in the diabetics. The differences between diabetic and healthy children with respect to correlations between the apolipoproteins and the serum lipids might indicate a different apolipoprotein/lipoprotein lipid relationship in diabetics.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Fatty acid composition of serum lipids in diabetic children and their matched healthy controls.

The fatty acid compositions of the serum cholesterol esters, phospholipids and triglycerides were determined in 28 insulin-dependent diabetic children and 13 healthy controls. The diabetic children were on a regulated diet and the disease was under good control. The relative contents of linoleic and arachidonic acids were higher in the serum lipids of the diabetics than in the controls as could be expected from the dietary advice given. However, the degree of diabetic control was not significantly correlated to the fatty acid content of any lipid fraction. The serum concentration of apolipoprotein (apo) A-I was directly correlated to the content of polyunsaturated fat and the ratio between polyunsaturated and saturated fatty acids in the triglycerides. The apo A-II concentration was significantly correlated to the ratio between homo-gamma-linolenic and arachidonic acid in all serum lipid esters. No similar relationships were seen among the healthy controls. The different relationships between serum apolipoprotein concentrations and the fatty acid composition in serum in diabetics and controls is compatible with the hypothesis that not only the quantity but also the quality of the serum lipoproteins are different in these two categories of children.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Early reduction of vascular reactivity in diabetic children detected by transcutaneous oxygen electrode.

Reactive hyperaemia in the skin was monitored by transcutaneous measurement of PO2 (tcPO2) (using electrode temperatures of 35 and 37 degrees C) in 13 well controlled diabetic children without clinical signs of vascular disease, and in healthy peers matched for age and sex. The tcPO2 increase was smaller in 12 of the 13 diabetic children than in individual controls. Taking the lower limit of the 95% confidence interval of the increases for the healthy children as a cut-off point, only 4 of the 13 diabetic children had values overlapping into the range of non-diabetics at 37 degrees C. This non-invasive technique, demonstrating a reduced postischaemic response in a group of well controlled diabetic children, may become a useful method for the early detection of diabetic microvascular disorders.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Postischaemic hyperaemia studied with a transcutaneous oxygen electrode used at 33-37 degrees C.

The hyperaemic response in the vasculature of the forearm skin following induced ischaemia was studied with a transcutaneous oxygen (tcpO2) electrode. Electrode temperatures of 35-37 degree C allowed optimal recordings of the postischaemic reaction. During arterial occlusion there was a fall in tcpO2 to zero in 1-3 min. Re-establishment of circulation resulted in a biphasic reaction, with a steep rise overshooting the baseline recording by 1-3 kPa and a slower return to baseline level. At higher electrode temperatures (greater than 39 degree C) there was no overshoot due to hyperaemia. The postischaemic peak response was well reproducible from one occasion to another in the same subject. Simultaneous recording of energy consumption for the heating of the electrode permitted detection of artifacts and environmental changes unrelated to postischaemic hyperaemia, therefore validating the tcpO2 recordings but only at electrode temperatures greater than 35 degree C. The tcpO2 technique used at 35-37 degree C easily detects relative blood flow changes and seems suitable for comparative studies. The method is non-invasive and permits continuous recordings in well-defined skin areas in human subject; significant advantages compared with other methods available.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Fatty acid composition of human breast milk. Changes during the first week after delivery.

Breast milk was collected daily from 11 healthy Polish mothers during the first week after delivery. The method of Folch was found suitable for fat extraction from breast milk. The concentration of total fat and of triglycerides and the fatty acid composition of total fat were determined. The concentration of total fat was 2.4 g/100 ml on the second day after delivery and 4.4 g/100 ml on the seventh day. There was a similar rise in the triglyceride concentration. No relation was found between the concentration of total fat and the relative concentrations of fatty acids. The major fatty acids were 18:1 and 16:0, which comprised about 70 per cent of the fatty acids. The essential fatty acids comprised about 10 per cent of the total fatty acids. The fatty acid spectrum changed during the sampling period. The proportions of 10:0, 12:0, 14:0 and 16:1 increased, those of 16:0, 18:2, 20:0 and 22:0 were unchanged, and those of 18:0 and 20:4 decreased. Very long-chained polyunsaturated fatty acids, e.g. 22:6, were also present. All the polyenoic acids - except 18:2 showed the highest concentrations on the first day after delivery.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Relation between hemoglobin AI and determinations of glucose in diabetics treated with and without insulin.

The concentration in blood of hemoglobin AI is known to correlate well with glucose regulation if blood and urinary glucose values are carefully documented over several weeks. A slight increase of HbAI with age was found in 94 healthy subjects. In 41 adult diabetics treated with sulfonylurea drugs or diet alone, good correlations were obtained between HbAI and single random measurements of morning blood glucose (r = 0.69) and log urinary glucose/24h (r = 0.79) whereas in 47 adult patients with insulin-treated diabetes the corresponding correlation coefficients were only 0.42 and 0.49, respectively. In 29 insulin-treated children the HbAI-values were not correlated with single morning blood glucose determinations (r = 0.16 n.s.) but a correlation coefficient of 0.83 was found between HbAI and an index for regular testing of urinary glucose (Clinitest) at home. For the long-term monitoring of insulin-treated diabetics, single random determinations of blood and urinary glucose may often provide misleading information and particularly in these patients, routine determinations of HbAI should be of value.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Formation and action of prostacyclin in the isolated human umbilical artery.

The transformation of [1-14C]arachidonic acid by homogenates of human umbilical arteries was studied. The major compound formed was the stable end product of PGI2, i.e. 6-keto-PGF1 alpha (lactol form) as analyzed by gas-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. PGI2 was generated by incubating PGH2 with a lyophilized pig aorta microsome preparation. PGI2 concentrations around 10 ng/ml relaxed the human umbilical artery preparation significantly. Formation of PGI2 by umbilical arteries during pregnancy might be a mechanism for regulation of blood flow to the fetus.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

DDAVP in childhood nocturnal enuresis.

A double-blind study of 18 children aged 6--12 years suffering from primary nocturnal enuresis without signs of underlying organic disease is reported. 20 microgram of DDAVP (desamino-D-arginine vasopressin, Minirin) was given intranasally at bedtime. The effect was prompt and satisfactory in 8 children and relatively good in another 8 children. No adverse effects were noted. DDAVP is advocated for temporary use in children with nocturnal enuresis needing immediate help.

Arginine Vasopressin↗
PubMed1977

Thromboxane A2: effects on airway and vascular smooth muscle.

Thromboxane A2, an unstable compound derived from prostaglandin G2, was generated by incubation of arachidonic acid with a suspension of human platelets. The activity of thromboxane A2 relative to that of prostaglandin H2 in causing contractions of a number of smooth muscle organs were as follows: rabbit aorta, 7-20; human umbilical artery, 9-60; and guinea pig trachea, 2-12. Intravenous injection of thromboxane A2 into anaesthetized quinea pigs was followed by a pronounced increase in the tracheal insufflation pressure, potency compared to prostaglandin H2, 31-45.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Formation and action of prostaglandin endoperoxides in the isolated human umbilical artery.

The effects on the isolated human umbilical artery (HUA) of the recently isolated endoperoxide intermediates in prostaglandin (PG) biosynthesis, PGG2 and PGH2, were studied. Both endoperoxides were potent contractors of the artery strips, the threshold concentrations being 3 (1-4) ng/ml for PGG2 and 1 (1-12) ng/ml for PGH2, as compared with 200 (40-400) ng/ml for PGE2. The hemiacetal derivative of 8-(1-hydroxy-3-oxopropyl)-9,12L-dihydroxy-5,10-heptadecadienoic acid (thromboxane B2), a metabolite of PGG2, appeared in the bath medium indicating PG and thromboxane generation in the isolated HUA. The formation of thromboxane B2 was inhibited by indomethacin (8-40 mug/ml) and by eicosa-5,8,11,14-tetraynoic acid (ETA) (25 mug/ml), ETA also inhibited the contractile responses to both endoperoxides. The results support the view that local generation of PGs might be involved in the closure of the HUA at birth.

5,8,11,14-Eicosatetraynoic Acid↗
PubMed1976

Prostaglandin biosynthesis in the human umbilical cord.

The content of prostaglandins (PGs) in homogenates of arteries, connective tissue from human umbilical cords, and the capacity for biosynthesis of PGs in these tissues were studied. Lipid extracts were prepared and subjected to chromatography on silicic acid columns. PGs were eluted by ethyl acetate after elution with ethyl acetate-benzene (1:9) and determined by bioassay. For studies of the content of PGs, the cords were immediately frozen after delivery and homogenized in cold ethanol. Cords taken at vaginal deliveries contained amounts equivalent to approximately 700 ng prostaglandin E2/g dry weight and cords taken at caesarean sections about 450 ng/g. After homogenization and incubation of arteries in potassium phosphate buffer at 37 degrees C for 30 min the PG content increased from about 80 to 200 ng/g. Addition of arachidonic acid increased the biosynthesis fivefold. Indomethacin inhibited it. Most of the smooth muscle stimulating activity of the homogenated cords was due to prostaglandin E compounds, but smooth muscle stimulating material similar to prostaglandin F1alpha and F2alpha was also present. Prostaglandin E2 was conclusively identified by gas chromatography -- mass spectrometry. The findings are compatible with the view that local biosynthesis of PGs is very active in the human umbilical cord after delivery.

Arachidonic Acids↗
PubMed1975

High voltage QRS complexes in children with innocent, "vibratory" heart murmur.

The electrocardiographic findings in 86 four-year-old children with innocent murmur of the so-called vibratory type are described. The electrical axis, the Q, R and S waves in the right and left precordial leads were compared with figures from the literature and with a control group of 4-year-old children without signs of somatic disease. The most significant findings were higher amplitudes of Q and R waves over the left precordium in children with vibratory murmur. Many children in this group had amplitudes of these waves exceeding accepted normal limits. There were no findings compatible with organic heart disease and the difference as compared to normal values and controls is probably a matter of variations in the position of the heart.

Age Factors↗