[Lipid composition of hydrocarbon oxidizing mycobacteria isolated from Arctic waters].
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Arctic Regions↗
Biomedical subjects
T V Koronelli
Publications and source records attributed to T V Koronelli.
[Role of emulsification in the process of hydrocarbon absorption by Pseudomonas aeruginosa cells].
Lipophilic biopolymers from the cell walls of saprophytic mycobacteria were shown to stimulate the process of hydrocarbon assimilation by Pseudomonas aeruginosa cells. This should be attributed to the fact that bacterial peptidoglycolipids emulsify a hydrocarbon facilitating the contact between it and the cells. It has been found experimentally that P. aeruginosa cells growing in the medium with n-alkanes release a factor into the medium. The factor appears to contain peptide chains and is responsible for hydrocarbon emulsification.
Alkanes↗
[Chemical composition and role of Pseudomonas aeruginosa peptidoglycolipid in hydrocarbon assimilation].
Pseudomonas aeruginosa P-20 releases a lipophilic compound during growth in a medium with hexadecane. The compound was shown to be a peptidoglycolipid. The peptide moiety consists of 7 amino acids: lysine, aspartic and glutamic acids, serine, proline, valine and leucine. The carbohydrate component is ramnose. The lipid moiety is represented by a mixture of fatty acids with the number of carbon atoms from 11 to 18 among which C11:1, C16:0, C18:1 and C17:3 predominate. The content of unsaturated acids is 64.62%. The peptidoglycolipid stimulates the process of hydrocarbon assimilation.
Absorption↗
[Bacterial interaction in a culture containing Pseudomonas and Mycobacterium in relation to hydrocarbon oxidation].
An experimental association of Pseudomonas and Mycobacterium was employed for a more complete oxidation of a hydrocarbon substrate. The maximum effect of combined cultivation (74% vs. 50 and 47% in the pure cultures of Mycobacterium and Pseudomonas, respectively) was obtained under steady-state conditions. The result is attributed to the processes of co-oxidation and the physiological properties of the microorganisms.
Culture Media↗
[Free mycolic acids of the cells of coryneform and Nocardia-like bacteria].
The composition of free mycolic acids was studied in the cells of Brevibacterium ammoniagenes ATCC 6871, B. flavum 22, B. stationis ATCC 14403, Corynebacterium divaricatum ATCC 14020 and Rhodococcus maris IMV 195. The acids are a mixture of saturated and unsaturated compounds with the total number of carbon atoms from 32 to 36 and the number of C atoms in the alpha-chain from 10 to 15.
Actinomycetales↗
[Aqueous petroleum-oxidizing Arthrobacter].
Water petroleum oxidizing bacteria of Arthrobacter ceroformans as well as their lipid composition are described. On a medium containing hexadecane, all the strains produce wax in large amounts (upto 70% of total free lipids) consisting by 95% of cetyl palmitate. Fatty acids are represented mainly by palmitic acid but comprise also unsaturated C16:1 and C18:1 acids. Mycolic acids have not been detected. The significance of lipid composition for the identification of arthrobacteria is discussed.
Arthrobacter↗
[Effect of cyanobacteria excretions and cell biomass on hydrocarbon-oxidizing mycobacteria].
The presence of cyanobacterial cells and their exocellular excretions in an aqueous ecosystem stimulated biodegradation of diesel fuel. As was established using the technique of complete factor analysis, nitrogen addition to the medium and the presence of cyanobacterial cells in it are important for the growth of oil-oxidizing bacteria, while exocellular excretions of the cells are not sufficient for such a growth. The mycobacterial growth depended, to a certain extent, on the age of cyanobacterial cultures.
Cyanobacteria↗
[Lipids of a paraffin-oxidizing strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa].
The qualitative and quantitative composition of lipids was studied in a paraffin-oxidizing Pseudomonas aeruginosa P-20 strain. The content of free lipids was 7% of the dry biomass weight in a medium with hexadecane and 6.7% in a medium with glucose. The content of bound lipids was 6.7 and 5.6%, respectively. Phospholipids and free fatty acids are main components of lipids in the both cases. Phospholipids are represented by diphosphatidyl glycerol, phosphatidyl ethanolamine, phosphatidyl glycerol, and phosphatidyl choline. The fatty acids of free lipids consist by 72% of even acids with an unbranched carbon chain, among which palmitic and octadecenic acids prevail no matter what is the composition of a medium. 'Uneven' acids are represented mainly by nonadecenic acid: 17.8% in the medium with hexadecane and 15.9% in the medium with glucose. The content of unsaturated acids is 55.95% in 'hexadecane' cells and 44.89% in 'glucose' cells; octadecenic and nonadecenic acids predominate among unsaturated acids. Fatty acids covalently bound to cellular proteins and polysaccharides contain much less unsaturated compounds (particularly in cells grown in the medium with hexadecane) and more branched acids; C18:1, C16:0 and C17:0-branched acids predominate among them.
Alkanes↗
[Chemotactic reactions of a paraffin-oxidizing strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa].
The reactions of chemotaxis were studied in a paraffin-oxidizing Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain using the method of migration in viscous media. Diesel fuel and paraffin become attractants only if they are contaminated with hydrocarbon-oxidizing mycobacteria. A suspension of mycobacterial cells as well as their lipids (peptidoglycolipids, wax, triglycerides, methyl esters of mycolic acids) are attractants, too. A mycobacterial biomass containing no lipids does not cause chemotaxis of P. aeruginosa cells.
Chemotaxis↗
[Effect of petroleum hydrocarbons on the viability of cyanobacteria in association with oil-oxidizing bacteria].
An important aspect in the problem of interactions between microorganisms in the conditions of oil pollution is how to preserve the viability of phototrophic organisms if active oil-oxidizing microflora is present in the environment. As was illustrated using a closed model ecosystem, the association 'cyanobacteria--oil-oxidizing bacteria' is capable of withstanding the negative effect of oil pollution, but within the range of hydrocarbon concentrations which can be oxidized by oil-oxidizing bacteria during a very short time. The biological equilibrium in the ecosystem was maintained and the number of viable cells of the phototrophic component in the ecosystem increased if the oil-oxidizing bacteria started to function at the same time as toxic compounds commenced to produce their effect on the microorganisms.
Cyanobacteria↗
[Petroleum-oxidizing microflora of the Arctic seas of the USSR].
Active petroleum-oxidizing bacteria of the USSR arctic seas are represented by Mycobacterium mucosum (non-colored), Mycobacterium phlei and Mycobacterium brevicale (red-orange) which inhabit the Yenisei Bay, the Kara Sea and the Laptev Sea. Vertical distribution of the petroleum-oxidizing mycobacteria is characterized by substitution of non-coloured forms for coloured ones with depth: "white" strains are found mainly in the surface layer while red and yellow-orange strains are detected in deep water layers and near the bottom.
Arctic Regions↗
[Arctic pigmented mycobacteria and their role in the oxidation of petroleum hydrocarbons].
Red-orange Mycobacterium species (the rhodochrous group) were isolated from the water of the Arctic regions; they were described, and the structure of lipids and the assimilation of oil products of low temperatures were comparatively studied in the arctic water and soil Mycobacterium species. The composition of usual fatty and mycolic acids was studied in two strains growing in a medium with hexadecane. Palmitic acid prevailed among fatty acids in the both strains; mycolic acids were represented by the compounds C34:0 and C34:1 (Mycobacterium brevicale) and C32:0 and C:34:0 (Mycobacterium sp.). The presence of unsaturated mycolic acids in the cells correlated with their capability to assimilate hydrocarbons at low temperatures.
Arctic Regions↗
[Microbiologic oxidation of diesel fuel by the total factor experiment method].
The effect of nitrogen, phosphorus, glucose and temperature on the assimilation of diesel fuel and the biomass yield of Mycobacterium mucosum was studied by the method of complete factor experiment. The concentration of nitrogen and phosphorus were shown to be most important for the above processes. The growth dynamics of the culture was studied as well as the utilization by it of diesel fuel and glucose added to the medium separately or in combination. The presence of glucose in the medium had no effect on the utilization of diesel fuel; however, the utilization of glucose in the presence of diesel fuel was considerably decelerated.
Fuel Oils↗
[Triglycerides of saprophytic mycobacteria].
Triglycerides produced by mycobacteria and arthrobacteria grown in media with hexadecane or glucose were studied by mass spectrometry. In all of the cases, triglycerides were mixtures of homologues. The triglycerides of Arthrobacter ceroformans grown in a medium with hexadecane contained 90% of tripalmitate and 10% of a mixed triglyceride comprising two residues of palmitic acid and one residue of palmitoleinic acid. Mixed triglycerides containing one unsaturated acyl group prevailed in mycobacterial cells grown in a medium with hexadecane. The acyl groups were the residues of C14:0-, C14:1-, C16:0-, C16:1- and C17:1-acids. The position of various acyl residues in mixed triglycerides was established, and the proportions between homologues in a mixture were determined. The triglyceride fraction had a much more complicated composition when themycobacteria were grown in a medium with glucose: the quantity of the major components increased while the amount of the minor components was a complete series of homologues with the molecular weight from 776 to 888.
Alkanes↗
[Substrate-induced changes in Mycobacterium paraffinicum cells and cell membranes].
The method of spectroscopy of attenuated total reflection (ATR) range was used to study the dynamics of biochemical changes of both the whole cell of Mycobacterium paraffinicum 134 and its outer layer depending on the type of growth substrate. The cells and their outer layers were shown to vary significantly in their composition upon growth in different media. When the cells were cultivated in a medium with glucose, the biosynthesis of structural lipids of the cell wall, viz. glycolipids and mycolic acids, proceeded at a high rate. The quantity of triglycerides produced at the stationary growth phase was also high. When the cells were cultivated in MPB, the content of structural and reserve lipids was very low in both the cell and its outer layer. Therefore, a sufficiently lipophilic cell wall was formed when the cells were grown in the medium with glucose, but it was much less lipophilic when the cells were cultivated in MPB. Consequently, the both types of cells differed in their capacity to absorb a hydrophobic substrate. The paper discusses the role of lipid components in regulating the structure of mycobacterial cell walls depending on a growth substrate.
Alkanes↗
[Study of the dynamics of the uptake and utilization of a hydrocarbon in Mycobacterium paraffinicum cells by means of IR-spectroscopy].
The dynamics of uptake and further utilization of hexadecane in different regions of the cells of Mycobacterium paraffinicum was studied using spectroscopy of Attenuated Total Reflection (ATR) in the IR range during the whole period of their growth. The outer layers of the cells were found to be rapidly saturated during their growth on a medium containing hexadecane. Oxidation of the hydrocarbon resulted in accumulation of a large amount of triglycerides whose active biosynthesis started at the end of the logarithmic growth phase. The bulk of triglycerides concentrated in the cytoplasm. Later, the content of triglycerides decreased almost twofold, this suggesting assimilation of these compounds by the cell. After 13 days of cultivation, all parameters were stablized; therefore, the metabolic processes decelerated and the state of dormancy occurred. No degradation of the culture was observed.
Alkanes↗
[The incorporation of the labelled precursors of macromolecular compounds into the cells of pathogenic and saprophytic mycobacteria in the presence of Desoxon-1].
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Bacterial Proteins↗