Biomedical subjects

T Vik

Publications and source records attributed to T Vik.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources

PubMed1994

[The incidence of acute complications in children with diabetes mellitus].

The incidence of acute complications in children with diabetes mellitus was investigated from April 1992 to April 1993. During this period 27 of 66 children (40%) had experienced at least one episode of serious hypoglycemia, and six (9%) had been hospitalized because of hyperglycemia or ketoacidosis. Children whose parents were divorced or single, experienced more episodes of serious hypoglycemia than children of married or cohabitant parents. The children who had experienced serious hyperglycemia or ketoacidosis had higher HbA1c, used a relatively higher daily dose of insulin and were older than the other children.

Acute Disease↗

PubMed1994

[Congenital heart diseases in Sør-Trøndelag. Incidence, diagnosis, course and treatment].

In the county of Sør-Trøndelag, Norway, 145 children with congenital heart disease were detected among 14,194 live-born children from 1 January 1987 to 31 December 1990. This represents an incidence of 10.2 per thousand live-born children. The children were followed for six to 42 months (mean 2.38 years). Ventricular septal defect was detected in 71 (49%) cases. Isolated ventricular septal defect was found in 56 (39%) cases, the muscular type being the most frequent (three times that of the membranous type). Other congenital defects were found in 28 cases (19%), either as chromosome aberrations, syndromes or extracardiac malformations. 13 (9%) children died. None had constant symptoms of congestive heart failure by the end of the study. 34 (23%) cases were referred from mother and child clinics. 8 (5.5%) cases were detected prenatally. Compared with the results of other studies, the total incidence of congenital heart disease was high, and mortality and incidence of other coexistent congenital defects were low. It seems that small and less severe heart defects were detected more frequently in this study. The difference was most marked for incidence of muscular ventricular septal defect, atrial septal defect and pulmonary stenosis. The probable reasons for these results are an almost complete register of cases, well established postnatal care and a short distance to a pediatric cardiologist.

Child, Preschool↗

PubMed1994

Activation of 70-kDa S6 kinase, induced by the cytokines interleukin-3 and erythropoietin and inhibited by rapamycin, is not an absolute requirement for cell proliferation.

The cytokines interleukin (IL)-3 and erythropoietin (EPO) are critical regulators of the proliferation and differentiation of cells of the hematopoietic system, but their intracellular mechanisms of action are not fully understood. Binding of IL-3 to the IL-3 receptor (IL-3R) and binding of EPO to the EPOR both induce changes in intracellular tyrosine and serine/threonine phosphorylation; the phosphorylation of a number of polypeptides appears to be a shared response upon cytokine stimulation. We have previously shown that binding of IL-2 to the IL-2R activates the 70-kDa (p70) S6 kinase, a serine/threonine kinase whose activity is regulated by serine/threonine phosphorylation; the immunosuppressant rapamycin inhibits IL-2-dependent proliferation and IL-2-triggered activation of p70 S6 kinase. We, therefore, sought to examine whether induction of p70 S6 kinase activity is a conserved response upon cytokine triggering, and whether this activity is essential for cell proliferation. Proliferation of the IL-3-dependent pro-B cell line Ba/F3 transfected with the EPOR (Ba/F3-EPOR) can be supported by either IL-3 or EPO. In this cell line, both IL-3 and EPO induced p70 S6 kinase activity; rapamycin inhibited both the IL-3 and EPO-induced activation of the 70-kDa S6 kinase as well as cellular proliferation. Thus, p70 S6 kinase activation appears to be a common intermediate triggered by the stimulation of IL-3, EPO, and IL-2 receptors. The Friend spleen focus-forming virus gp55 renders the EPOR constitutively active, and confers growth factor independence on cells expressing EPOR. Ba/F3-EPOR cotransfected with gp55 (Ba/F3-EpoRgp55) and the erythroleukemia cell line MEL, which also expresses both the EPOR and gp55, were analyzed. Rapamycin inhibited the activation of p70 S6 kinase in both cell lines. However, rapamycin inhibited proliferation of Ba/F3-EpoRgp55 but not of MEL cells despite inhibition of p70 S6 kinase activity in both cells. Thus, p70 S6 kinase activation is not an absolute requirement for cell proliferation. These results are discussed in relation to the role of the activation of the 70-kDa S6 kinase activation pathway in the regulation of cell cycle progression.

Animals↗

PubMed1994

Mesenteric blood flow velocity and its relation to circulatory adaptation during the first week of life in healthy term infants.

We investigated early postnatal changes of the mesenteric circulation and its relationship to the systemic circulation in two groups of newborn infants. Group I (n = 10) was studied before the first feeding at 1 h and preprandially at 6 and 24 h. Group II (n = 10) was studied before the first feeding at 2 h of age and preprandially and postprandially at d 3, 4, and 5. Blood flow velocity was measured with ultrasound Doppler in the superior mesenteric artery (SMA), middle cerebral artery, subclavian artery, and aortic orifice for cardiac output (CO) calculations. Blood pressure and heart rate were monitored. SMA mean velocity (Vmean) decreased from 1 [0.33 +/- 0.07 m/s (mean +/- SD)] to 6 h (0.23 +/- 0.08 m/s, p < 0.005) in group I, probably due to ductal steal, returning to the 1-h value at 24 h. In contrast, middle cerebral artery Vmean remained unchanged in the first 24 h. From d 3, SMA Vmean increased 92% postprandially, with no relation to increasing amounts of food. The postprandial increase in SMA Vmean was not associated with changes in CO and blood pressure; however, a fall in relative mesenteric vascular resistance suggested regional redistribution of CO. Middle cerebral artery Vmean increased from h 2 to d 3 with a further increase on d 4 (p < 0.01). This increase was associated with an increase in blood pressure. The relative fraction of CO to middle cerebral artery increased during the first days of life, suggesting a redistribution of blood flow to the metabolically active organs in the neonatal period.

Adaptation, Physiological↗

PubMed1993

Cerebral magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and mental and motor function of very low birth weight infants at one year of corrected age.

Thirty-one (77.5%) of a year cohort of 40 surviving infants with birth weight < 1500 grams were seen on follow-up examination at one year of corrected age. At neurological evaluation 20 infants were normal (Group 1), seven infants were considered at risk (Group 2), and four infants had cerebral palsy (Group 3). Assessment on the Bayley Scales gave significantly lower mean scores in Group 3 compared with Group 1, both on the Mental Index (63 versus 102, p < 0.001) and on the Psychomotor Index (PDI) (60 versus 94, p < 0.005). Mean PDI score in Group 2 was significantly lower than in Group 1 (74 versus 94, p < 0.005). Cerebral MRI was performed in 27 infants. Of the 19 infants in Group 1 examined with MRI, 14 infants showed deviating changes in both myelin deposition and maturation (2). In all 14 infants the central occipital white matter was affected and in three infants also the centrum semiovale, both areas correspond to predilection sites for periventricular leukomalacia (PVL). Five infants had irregular shape of the occipital horns of the lateral ventricles. These findings may also represent the end stages of PVL (4). Only four out of seven infants were examined with MRI in Group 2. However, three infants had deviating myelination and three had irregular shape of the posterior horns. In Group 3 all infants were examined with MRI and all had deviating myelination and irregular and slightly dilated posterior horn. There was a significant correlation between abnormally dilated occipital horns seen with MRI, and cerebral palsy and low scores on the Denver and the Bayley tests.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Atrophy↗

PubMed1993

Physical workload, perceived exertion, and output of cut wood as related to age in motor-manual cutting.

Physical workload, output of cut wood, and perceived exertion were studied among 15 younger (mean age 29 years) and 16 older (mean age 59 years) lumberjacks, using a chainsaw and paid on a piece-rate basis. Oxygen consumption was measured with portable equipment, while heart rate was measured telemetrically. The oxygen consumption for all working phases was 1.8 +/- 0.2 l/min (means +/- SD) (younger) and 1.5 +/- 0.2 l/min (older), which corresponded to 49 +/- 4% and 53 +/- 7% of maximal oxygen consumption estimated in ergometer bicycle exercise test. A negative relationship was found between relative oxygen consumption at work and maximal oxygen consumption (ml/kg/min). Mean heart rates for all working phases were 138 +/- 10 beats/min (younger) and 126 +/- 17 (older). The heart rate differed between the working phases, and was significantly higher for both groups during bunching than during the other operations. The output of cut wood did not differ significantly between the groups. Slight but significantly relationships were found between output of cut wood and maximal oxygen consumption (ml/kg/min) and oxygen consumption (ml/kg/min) during work. Rating of perceived exertion (RPE) and simultaneous heart rate recordings during cycle tests and field studies showed significant correlations between heart rate and RPE values during cycling in both groups. RPE values and heart rate in the field showed a slight correlation (younger) and not at all (older).

Adult↗

PubMed1993

Omega-3 fatty acids: essential fatty acids with important biological effects, and serum phospholipid fatty acids as markers of dietary omega 3-fatty acid intake.

Serum phospholipid eicosapentaenoic (PL-EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (PL-DHA) concentrations are associated with the dietary intake of omega 3 fatty acids. PL-EPA and PL-DHA concentrations measured 4 y apart in 211 diabetic patients were highly correlated, with Spearman correlation coefficients of 0.49 (p = 0.0001) and 0.64 (p = 0.0001), respectively. PL-DHA was positively associated with Bayley psychomotor and mental developmental indexes (PDI and MDI, respectively) in preterm infants. Using multiple-regression analysis, 64% (R2 = 0.639; p = 0.0001) of PDI variance was explained by 1/DHA and weight at 1 y, whereas 82% (R2 = 0.816; p = 0.0001) of MDI variance was explained by weight at 1 y, Apgar score, 1/DHA, and 1/EPA. 1/DHA was negatively correlated with PDI and MDI, whereas 1/EPA was positively correlated with MDI. The results suggest that infant formulas should contain preformed DHA, and that a too-high supply of EPA in addition to DHA might be harmful in preterm infants.

Adult↗

PubMed1993

Primary hepatic B-cell lymphoma in a child.

Lymphoma arising in the liver is uncommon in adults and rare in children. A 12-year-old boy with hepatomegaly and jaundice had a calcified intrahepatic large-cell lymphoma of B-cell origin that expressed bcl-2 protein and had near-tetraploid chromosome number with a t(8;14) (q24;q32) and a homogeneously staining region (HSR). This tumor, only the fourth example of primary hepatic lymphoma in a child, has the rare finding of an HSR before treatment and is the first human lymphoma with t(8;14) that expresses bcl-2 protein. In addition, the demonstration of extensive calcification in the tumor by computed tomography scan is highly unusual for lymphoma. Lymphoma must be considered in the differential diagnosis of primary liver tumors in children and adults, especially if the serum alpha-fetoprotein level is normal.

Child↗

PubMed1992

[Mortality and functional disabilities among children with birth weight lower than 1500 g. Changes during 1983-88 at the neonatal unit of the Trondheim regional hospital].

The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether increased resources led to a higher rate of survival among infants with a birth weight less than or equal to 1,500 g, admitted to our department during the period 1983-88. During this period both personnel and equipment were upgraded. The number of patients more than doubled from 1983-84 to 1987-88 (37 versus 89). In spite of a significant decrease in gestational age from the first to the last period (29.6 weeks versus 28.2 weeks), the total mortality rate was halved, from 40.5% in 1983-84 to 22.5% in 1987-88. There was no significant increase in disability rate among survivors. The larger increasing number of disabled children was accounted for mainly by mild spastic diplegias.

Congenital Abnormalities↗

PubMed1992

Cerebral magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of very low birth weight infants at one year of corrected age.

Cerebral MRI was performed at 1.5 T in 27 infants with birth weight below 1500 grams at 1 year of corrected age. The images were compared to those reported on normal development at the same age. On T1 weighted images, 20 (74.1%) of the 27 infants showed myelin deposition different from what has been reported to be normal. Areas most affected were the central occipital white matter and the centrum semiovale. Both correspond to "watershed areas" known to be at risk for periventricular leukomalacia in preterm infants. T2-weighted images showed delayed myelination in the same areas as described for T1. In addition, two infants showed delayed myelination in the central occipital white matter and one in the centrum semiovale. Patchy focal abnormalities involving the white matter were seen in seven (25.9%) infants. Mild cerebral atrophy, mainly of the cortex was found in 10 (37.0%) infants. Irregular shape of the lateral ventricles, especially of the occipital horns was present in 12 infants (44.4%). 11 of these infants also had deviating changes in myelination. Only 2 infants (7.4%) had a normal MRI examination. Follow-up MRI examinations are needed to determine whether the high percentage of changes in myelination represent delayed development or brain damage in preterm infants.

Atrophy↗

PubMed1991

Congenital diaphragmatic hernia: determination of the optimal time for operation by echocardiographic monitoring of the pulmonary arterial pressure.

Preoperative stabilization and delayed operation rather than emergency repair of congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) may improve survival, but there are no clear criteria for how long operation should be delayed. Because increased pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) may be an important risk factor, we used Doppler echocardiography to study patients with CDH presenting with respiratory distress immediately after birth. During the study period 10 patients were admitted, but 2 were moribund on admission and died shortly thereafter. In the remaining patients the pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP) and direction of ductal shunt were estimated by Doppler echocardiography. Initial PAPs were in the range of 45 to 90 mm Hg, with bidirectional or right-to-left shunt through the ductus arteriosus. Reduction of pressure to 25 to 55 mm Hg, or reversal of shunt to left-to-right, reflecting decreased PVR, occurred after ventilation for 3 to 20 days (mean, 8 days). Patients underwent operation after there was evidence of reduced PVR. None developed persistent fetal circulation, and all 8 patients survived. We conclude that postponing operation until PVR has decreased seems to improve survival in patients with CDH presenting within hours of birth.

Blood Pressure↗

PubMed1989

[Metabolic diseases causing acidosis in the neonatal period].

The diagnosis of metabolic diseases during the newborn period is difficult because symptoms and findings are similar to those generally encountered in newborn babies who are ill. Moreover, metabolic diseases are often complicated by infections and cerebral hemorrhages. The article presents a short clinical review of metabolic diseases associated with metabolic acidosis in the newborn and discusses appropriate investigations and differential diagnoses. It is important to remember the possibility of metabolic diseases as the cause of metabolic acidosis in the newborn period.

Acidosis↗

PubMed1989

[Growth and development in infants with a birthweight of less than 1501 grams].

37 children with a birthweight below 1.501 grams were studied between the ages of one and two years. The children were all admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit at the Regional Hospital in Trondheim in 1985 or 1986. Morbidity, development, growth and major handicaps in the study group were registered and compared with a control group of children born at term during the same period. The preterm children showed a significantly higher incidence of lower respiratory tract infections and hospital readmissions than did the children in the control group. The incidence of cerebral palsy in the study group was 10.8% among the survivors (7.3% among live births). None of the children in the control group had a major handicap. Neurological development as judged by the Gesell scale was normal in the study group. However, the control group reached a higher score than expected for their age. A striking finding was the lack of catch-up growth in the prematurely born children. This finding should receive further attention in future.

Child↗

PubMed1989

[Late mortality among small premature infants. Significance of respiratory distress and bronchopulmonary dysplasia for early and late mortality among infants with birth weights lower than 1,501 g].

We have studied neonatal and late mortality rates among children with a birthweight of less than 1.501 grams. The sample consisted of children admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit at the Dept. of Pediatrics in Trondheim during 1985 and 1986. 58 children were admitted, three of whom had lethal malformations (two triploids, one trisomi 18). Of the remaining 55 children, 12 died in the neonatal period. This gives a neonatal mortality rate of 21.8%, which is comparable with the results reported from other centers. However, six children died after the neonatal period, giving a late mortality rate of 10.9%. This is higher than reported in the literature. Most reports that we have been able to find are six to ten years old, and at that time the neonatal mortality rates were significantly higher. Five of the six children who died late had bronchopulmonary dysplasia. The sixth child suffered a sudden infant death. The incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia was 27.2%, which is comparable with the incidence reported in the literature. The present study clearly shows the importance of taking late mortality rates into consideration when evaluating neonatal care.

Birth Weight↗

PubMed1986