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Biomedical subjects

T Yusa

Publications and source records attributed to T Yusa.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Chromosomal and teratogenic effects of oxygen in the mouse.

The effect of oxygen on chromosomes in bone marrow cells and on the early stages of gestation in the mouse were studied. Three groups of male mice were exposed to hyperbaric oxygen at 2, 3 and 4 atm abs. for 1 h, and four other groups breathed pure oxygen at 1 atm abs, for 6, 12, 24 and 48 h respectively. Chromosome were studied after 24 h. In the pure oxygen groups, no significant increase in chromosome aberration was noted, but in the hyperbaric oxygen groups, significant increases in abnormalities (breakage and gap) were noted at 3 and 4 atm abs. (8.0 and 6.7% respectively, P less than 0.05). In another study, four groups of pregnant mice were exposed once to hyperbaric oxygen at either 2 atm abs. for 1 h on the 7th or 8th day of gestation, or 2.5 atm abs. for 2 h on the 5th or 8th day. Six other groups were exposed to 2, 3 and 3.5 atm abs. with either oxygen or air for 1 h daily during first 8 days of gestation. Malformations (umbilical hernia and abnormalities of the coccyx) in the newborn were noted in the groups exposed to hyperbaric oxygen at 2.5 atm abs. for 2 h on the 5th and 8th days of gestation (1/26, 7/42), and all the groups exposed daily to hyperbaric oxygen (1/58, 3/33, 2/24). These findings would seem to indicate a genetic effect of increased oxygen tension in vitro.

Abnormalities, Drug-Induced↗
PubMed1981

Myocardial oxygen extraction rate under general anesthesia.

Myocardial oxygen extraction rates (R) were measured in dogs anesthetized with eight kinds of anesthetic agents to study the balance between myocardial oxygen consumption and its supply under general anesthesia. The R value for basal anesthesia (pentobarbital), original neuroleptanesthesia (Thalamonal), modified neuroleptanesthesia (droperidol and pentazocine), morphine anesthesia or halothane anesthesia was not significantly different from each other, and similar to those for conscious dogs reported by Merin or Spencer. On the other hand, the R values for ether anesthesia, methoxyflurane anesthesia and enflurane anesthesia were significantly lower than those for the above mentioned anesthesia.

Anesthesia, General↗
PubMed1980

The bronchodilator activity of 20-isopropylidene prostaglandin E2 (CS-412).

The bronchodilator activity of 20-isopropylidene prostaglandin E2 (CS-412) was studied in vivo. In the conscious guinea pig, aerosols of CS-412, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), or salbutamol afforded similar protection against histamine-induced convulsions. In the anesthetized guinea pig, where increase in intratracheal pressure was taken as an index of bronchoconstriction, CS-412, PGE2, and salbutamol were equipotent in inhibiting the broncho-constriction induced by histamine. CS-412, PGE2 and salbutamol were equally effective in reducing the serotonin-induced increase in pulmonary resistance in the anesthetized cat. CS-412 was different from PGE2 in bronchoconstrictor activity in anesthetized cats with normal bronchotonus. PGE2 caused bronchoconstriction in the cats. CS-412 showed 30 times less constrictor activity than PGE2. It was concluded that CS-412 is an effective bronchodilator without unfavorable side effects.

Albuterol↗
PubMed1978

Tracheal constriction by morphine and by fentanyl in man.

The effects of morphine and fentanyl on tracheal smooth muscle tone were studied in 38 patients during induction of anesthesia. Endotracheal tube cuff pressure was used to measure tracheal tone. Anesthesia was maintained with nitrous oxide, 70 per cent in oxygen, and pancuronium and ventilation was controlled with a respirator. Morphine, 0.5 mg/kg, produced a biphasic response, initially causing tracheal dilatation and then tracheal constriction. Ten minutes after morphine injection, cuff pressure increased to significantly (21 +/- 8 per cent) above control. Morphine-induced tracheal constriction could be completely blocked by the prior administration of atropine, 0.5 mg. Fentanyl, 0.006 mg/kg, also produced significant tracheal constriction, cuff pressures increasing to 44 +/- 11 per cent above control at 10 min. Fentanyl-induced tracheal constriction could be blocked by pretreatment with droperidol, 0.25 mg/kg. At equianalgesic doses, morphine and fentanyl produced similar tracheal constriction.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Effects of pentazocine on coronary hemodynamics under pentobarbital or chloralose-urethane anesthesia in dogs.

The effect of pentazocine on the coronary hemodynamics was studied in anesthetized dogs. Under pentobarbital anesthesia pentazocine did not cause any significant changes in the coronary hemodynamics. Under chloralose-urethane anesthesia, however, it produced a statistically significant increase in heart rate, left coronary blood flow rate, myocardial oxygen consumption as well as myocardial oxygen extraction rate, but a decrease in coronary vascular resistance. These results indicate that the effects of pentazocine on the coronary hemodynamics are modified significantly by the drugs used for basal anesthesia.

Anesthesia, Intravenous↗
PubMed1976

[Bacteriolgical survey on Bordetella bronchiseptica in various animal species (author's transl)].

Bordetella bronchiseptica was examined on the respiratory tract of mice, rats, Mongolian gerbils, golden hamsters, guinea pigs, rabbits, household dogs and cats and cynomolgus monkeys imported from Asian countries. The organisms were detected in rats, guinea pigs, rabbits, dogs, cats and monkeys, but not in mice, Mongolian gerbils and golden hamsters. In rats, the organisms were isolated from 7 of 25 breeding colonies, and isolation rates ranged from 10.0 to 61.3% by colonies. In guinea pigs, 22 of 60 breeding colonies were positive, showing 6.7 to 58.2% in isolation rates. Two groups of rabbits were examined, one was collected from many non-closed colonies of small size and another was obtained from 3 closed colonies of large size consisting of more than 100 rabbits. Isolation rates were 3.0% in the former and 66.8% in the latter. The organisms were also detected in 5.3% of dogs and 3.2% of cats, respectively. Isolation rate of the organisms in the trachea of 48 healthy monkeys was 6.3%, but in 39 monkeys with pneumonic lesions, 16 (41.0%) harbored the organisms in their lungs.

Animals↗