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Biomedical subjects

U Albrechtsson

Publications and source records attributed to U Albrechtsson.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Diagnosis and management of acute aortic dissection, clinical and radiological follow-up.

A clinical series of acute aortic dissections is presented. Twenty cases were of type A and 10 of type B. Acute severe chest pain was common, in type A also blood pressure difference between the arms and aortic regurgitation. The diagnosis was established by echocardiography, computerized tomography and/or aortography. Antihypertensive therapy was instituted immediately after diagnosis and was in type A cases followed by acute surgery unless definite contraindications existed. Of 14 surgically treated type A patients 13 survived the operation. On follow-up 1.5-3.5 years later, 12 patients were still alive and doing well, but the false channel remained open in all cases where it had not been resected totally. Only one of six conservatively treated type A patients survived. Type B dissections were operated on only if conservative therapy failed. Four of five conservatively and two of five surgically treated type B patients survived.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Measurement of lung density by x-ray computed tomography. Relation to lung mechanics in workers exposed to asbestos cement.

We measured lung density by means of x-ray computed tomography and lung mechanics in 33 workers exposed to asbestos cement and in 39 normal subjects. The exposed group showed evidence of lung fibrosis with reduced static lung volumes and lung compliance, although only three subjects had signs of interstitial fibrosis at standard chest radiography. Lung density was significantly increased in the exposed workers compared to control subjects, with greater differences between nonsmokers than between smokers. Lung density correlated inversely with static lung volumes. There was no appreciable difference in the regional distribution of lung density between exposed workers and control subjects. We conclude that lung density is often increased in workers with mild asbestosis, even in the presence of a normal chest radiograph. Measurement of lung density may be of value in the evaluation of asbestos-exposed workers for assessment of the extent of parenchymal disease.

Asbestosis↗
PubMed1986

Measurement of pulmonary density by means of X-ray computerized tomography. Relation to pulmonary mechanics in normal subjects.

We examined the relationship between pulmonary density, measured with computerized tomography, and pulmonary mechanics (static pulmonary volume; pulmonary resistance) in 39 normal subjects (20 nonsmokers and 19 smokers). Pulmonary density decreased with increasing static elastic recoil pressure, and smokers consistently showed higher pulmonary density than nonsmokers. Pulmonary density, measured at full inspiration, correlated inversely with total lung capacity. Pulmonary density showed a ventrodorsal gradient, which was greater at low elastic recoil pressure than at high recoil pressure. The study shows that pulmonary density is related to the mechanical properties of the lung in normal subjects. Increased pulmonary density appears to be a sensitive indicator of pulmonary damage induced by smoking. Further studies of the relationship between pulmonary density and pulmonary mechanics in disease seem warranted.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

Follow-up evaluation of venous morphologic factors and function after thrombectomy and temporary arteriovenous fistula in thrombosis of iliofemoral vein.

Fifty-seven patients (58 post-thrombotic legs) treated with venous thrombectomy and temporary arteriovenous fistula for thrombosis of the iliofemoral vein were evaluated in a follow-up study regarding clinical, morphologic and functional aspects nine to ten months after thrombectomy. There were 33 men and 24 women, between 15 and 84 years of age (a mean of 51 years). The results of clinical examination revealed that 75 per cent of the patients had a good and 20 per cent a fair result of the treatment. No ulcers of the leg or venous claudication had developed. Venography (53 legs) demonstrated 61 per cent patency rate of the iliofemoral segment, although post-thrombotic changes were noted in 23 per cent. Venous femoral pressure measurement was normal in 82 per cent of 28 legs examined despite some proximal stenosis or occlusion. A good venous emptying with plethysmography was achieved in 29 per cent and foot volumetry showed normal peripheral venous function in 29 per cent. The results of this follow-up study, however short, reveal that venous patency can be restored to a high extent with good clinical result. Functionally, these patients may be at high risk for having sequelae develop later.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Need for long-term anticoagulant treatment in symptomatic calf-vein thrombosis.

The need for oral anticoagulation in patients with calf-vein thrombosis was examined in a randomised study of 51 patients, of whom 23 received warfarin for 3 months and 28 did not. Both groups received an initial course of heparin and all wore compression stockings. Progress was monitored by the use of serial isotope tests and physical examination. Phlebography was repeated if recurrence was suspected. During the first 3 months, 8 patients in the non-warfarin group (29%) had recurrences compared with none in the warfarin group (p less than 0.01). 5 patients had recurrence with proximal extension and 1 patient had a pulmonary embolus. After 1 year, 22 out of 23 patients in the warfarin group had not had a recurrence, compared with 19 out of 28 (p less than 0.02). The findings indicate that oral anticoagulants should be given to all patients with thrombi that produce symptoms. Treatment for 3 months seems to be sufficient.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1985

Indications for angiography and its optimal performance in patients with Raynaud's phenomenon.

Fifty-two patients with Raynaud's phenomenon of the upper extremity were examined by angiography because of suspected organic stenosis or occlusions in areas available for reconstructive vascular surgery. Different vasodilatating treatments were compared either singly or combined: blockade of the brachial plexus, intraarterial injections of phentolamine or reserpine, body warming, and orally administered alcohol. Body warming in combination with 4 mg phentolamine gave optimal vasodilatation within the shortest time and without vasospasm after local cold provocation in patients with sympathetically induced vasospasm, enabling a clear visualization of organic lesions. A proper vasodilatation was also obtained after blockade of the brachial plexus or reserpine injection combined with body warming, but not until 40 min after the start of the treatments.

Angiography↗
PubMed1985

Pulmonary leiomyosarcoma appearing as a cyst. Report of one case and review of the literature.

We describe a case of pulmonary sarcoma appearing as a cyst in the lower lobe. A review of the literature on cavities and malignancies of the lung shows that lung cavities with a wall thickness of 4 mm or less were benign in 92% of the cases. After investigation, a basal segmentectomy was performed in the belief that the lesion was benign. Surprisingly, the histological examination demonstrated spindle-shaped tumor cells, and electron-microscopic studies showed myofilaments suggesting a leiomyosarcoma. This case report illustrates the diagnostic difficulties with lung cavities.

Cysts↗
PubMed1985

Spindle cell sarcoma mimicking traumatic lung cysts.

The authors present a case of a supposed diagnosis of traumatic lung cyst which turned to be a spindle cell sarcoma. Similarities and differences of the two conditions regarding roentgenologic features is discussed.

Cysts↗
PubMed1984

Granular cell tumour of the mammary gland simulating malignancy. A report on two cases with light microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and immunohistochemical investigation.

Primary granular cell tumours of the breast in 35 and 55 year old women were studied by light microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry. Light and electron microscopy revealed a neural origin of the tumours and this was further substantiated by immunohistochemical studies, with positive S-100 protein reaction and negative reactions for surface heavy and light chains, CEA, alfa-1-antitrypsin, muramidase and GFA-protein. Granular cell tumour of the mammary gland is a very rare tumour. Clinically it sometimes simulates carcinoma because of its fibrous consistency, fixation to pectoral fascia and skin retraction. The diagnosis of granular cell tumour should be included in the differential diagnosis of carcinoma of the breast. The granular cell tumour is derived from neuro-ectodermal tissue. Whether it represents a neurogenic cell-confined metabolic disturbance with lysosomal activation, or a true neoplasm remains to be elucidated.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Computed tomography versus aortography for preoperative evaluation of abdominal aortic aneurysm.

Twenty-eight patients with abdominal aortic aneurysm were examined by computed tomography (CT) and aortography. They subsequently underwent aneurysmectomy and reconstruction of the aorta. CT provided in most of the cases the same or more accurate preoperative information than aortography. CT is comfortable for the patient, less invasive and faster than aortography and can be done as an outpatient procedure. Thus, we recommend CT to be the primary method for preoperative evaluation of abdominal aortic aneurysm. In selected cases aortography gives additional information regarding the relationship to the renal arteries (when the aorta is very tortuous), the occurrence of renal artery stenosis, and peripheral vascular disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Mammographic fine needle biopsy of non-palpable breast lesions.

Results with a previously described device for fine needle biopsies of non-palpable breast lesions are reported. During the past 5 years 182 biopsies were performed and 133 of these yielded diagnostic cell material. In the series, 41 carcinomas were found and fine needle biopsy in all demonstrated malignant or probably malignant cells. In the biopsies evaluated as benign or probably benign, malignancy has not been found during the observation period of 4 to 59 months (mean 21.5 months). The device described is cheap and biopsy is easily performed and, if necessary, repeated in a short time. The diagnostic accuracy is high and carcinomas as small as 3 mm in diameter have been diagnosed.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Bronchial artery infusion of mitomycin C in carcinoma of the lung.

Fifteen patients with bronchial carcinoma were treated with infusions of 10 mg Mitomycin C (MMC) in the bronchial artery feeding the tumor. The treatment was repeated three times with 2-3 weeks interval between treatments. Half of the patients then received radiation to the tumor area and mediastinum. All tumors decreased in size, complete remission occurred in two and partial remission in five patients. Survival time, however, was not prolonged and esophageal complications occurred in several patients.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1983

Thermography in the diagnosis of deep venous thrombosis. A comparison with 99Tcm-plasmin test, clinical diagnosis and phlebography.

Thermography, clinical examination and 99Tcm-plasmin test were performed in 112 patients and compared with phlebography. The study population consists of consecutive outpatients with symptoms compatible with deep venous thrombosis, who presented during regular clinic hours. Scoring systems were constructed for the clinical and thermographic evaluation. Both thermography and clinical diagnosis were insufficiently sensitive and specific for screening purposes. Plasmin test had a high sensitivity, 95%, but a low specificity. It is possible that a combination of thermography and clinical diagnostic criteria can provide an acceptable screening procedure. Combining thermography with a routine examination by the physician on duty yielded less favourable results.

False Negative Reactions↗
PubMed1983

Double blind comparison between iohexol and metrizoate in phlebography of the lower limb.

A new, non-ionic low osmolar contrast medium, iohexol 240 mg I/ml, has been tested in a randomized double blind parallel investigation versus meglumine-Ca metrizoate 200 mg I/ml. The study was performed to evaluate the suitability of the contrast medium in phlebography. No post-phlebographic complications were seen in the 24 patients examined with iohexol 240 mg I/ml or in 8 patients examined with iohexol 300 mg I/ml. In the 19 patients examined with metrizoate 200 mg I/ml, 7 had a post-phlebographic thrombotic complication (37%). The radiographic image quality was not significantly different between the two contrast media, neither were the immediate side effects during contrast injections. It has thus been shown that iohexol is a suitable contrast medium in phlebography of the lower limb and that it is preferable to conventional contrast media.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Ruptured aneurysm of the internal iliac artery.

Isolated aneurysms of the iliac arteries are rare and can be difficult to diagnose. The diagnosis is frequently delayed. One patient with a ruptured aneurysm of the left internal iliac artery is presented, and the computed tomography findings are compared to those of a case of a ruptured aortic aneurysm. The hemorrhages had much in common, and we want to stress the importance of including the iliac arteries when no cause of a retroperitoneal hemorrhage is found higher up.

Aged↗