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Biomedical subjects

U Ganzer

Publications and source records attributed to U Ganzer.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Possible role of macrophages in allergic rhinitis.

Mononuclear phagocytes have been investigated in biopsies taken from the nasal mucosa and in epithelial cell samples from 22 grass-pollen-allergic subjects before season, after allergen challenge and during season by means of immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy. The cells were positive for CD68/EBM11 and HLA-DR, but failed to react with CD1 and CD23/BB10. The cells increased in number during season as well as after allergen challenge, especially in the upper part of the mucosa. Heteromorphy of macrophages, as seen by transmission electron microscopy, confirmed the presence of diverse macrophage subpopulations in the nasal mucosa of allergic subjects. Using brush sampling techniques, CD68-positive and HLA-DR-positive cells significantly increased in epithelial cell samples 4-8 h after allergen challenge, indicating a central role of these cells not only in antigen processing but also in late phase reactions of allergic rhinitis.

Antigen-Presenting Cells↗
PubMed1990

[Prognosis of laryngeal cancer since 1960. Results of a literature review and a survey].

On the basis of the international literature the present author investigated whether the prognosis of laryngeal carcinomas has changed during the last 30 years (period 1960-1969 vs. period 1975-1984). The results were compared with the personal opinions of the heads of all German ENT departments. Despite the difficulties of a literature research it is obvious that the crude five year survival rate in cases of laryngeal carcinoma has improved from 57% to 67% since 1960. This applies to the advanced tumor stages III and IV. This result contradicts the view of those colleagues who are particularly experienced in cancer therapy. They rather doubt an improvement in the prognosis and believe that if there is any improvement, it would more often be true of the early tumor stages I and II.

Germany, West↗
PubMed1990

Determination of IgE-specificities in nasal secretions and sera of allergic subjects by crossed radio-immunoelectrophoresis.

Allergen-specific IgE antibodies have not only been demonstrated in the serum, but also in the nasal secretions of allergic patients by means of the radio-allergosorbent test (RAST). In this preliminary study we adapted the technique of crossed radio-immunoelectrophoresis (CRIE) to nasal secretions in order to obtain further insight into the specificity of locally collected antibodies. Based on RAST results we compared CRIE patterns in serum, nasal secretions in 13 out of 23 grass pollen allergic subjects and two out of three house dust mite allergic subjects. In the nasal secretions the same IgE specificities were found as in the corresponding serum of the individual subject and as in a reference serum pool. These data indicate that the same specificity of IgE antibody can be found in the serum and the target organ. From these data there is no evidence for a local mucosal immune response that differs in specificity from the serum response.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

The role of nasal secretions in allergic disease of the nose.

Findings in recent years have stressed the importance of research on the target organ in IgE-mediated allergies of the respiratory tract. In this review we have focussed on the nasal secretions (NS) as a contract medium between allergens and the respiratory mucosa. Our findings have demonstrated that NS show different allergen extraction activities in relation to different conditions. Whereas NS of allergic and inflamed noses extracted allergens very rapidly, NS of normal noses showed no extraction activity. Furthermore, it could be demonstrated that the IgE specificities in NS are comparable with those in the serum of individual patients not indicating a local IgE synthesis. The presence and function of basophilic cells and eosinophils and their mediators are discussed in the light of recent studies.

Humans↗
PubMed1989

The expression of epidermal growth factor receptors in the oral mucosa of patients with oral cancer.

Representative tumor samples and mucosal samples were taken from three different groups of patients and were stained immunohistochemically for their expressions of epidermal growth factor receptors (EGFR). Patients in group 1 had oral squamous carcinoma, with specimens taken from the tumor as well as from the mucosa without tumor invasion. Patients in group 2 had no evidence of tumor but had heavy drinking and smoking habits. Tumor-free patients who do not drink or smoke served as the control group. The findings in the present study showed that the tumor and mucosal samples from groups 1 and 2 had increased EGFR expression while the control group showed significantly less EGFR. These results suggest that EGFR may play a role in the development of premalignant tissue changes, which are probably influenced by chronic toxic irritation.

Alcoholism↗
PubMed1989

[Middle ear effusion and allergy in childhood].

Besides mechanical or infectious factors in the genesis of secretory otitis media IgE-mediated hypersensitivity has often been discussed. In order to estimate the importance of an allergic reaction in the development of middle ear disease, we examined 27 children having adenoids and a secretory otitis media. We documented the patients' history of allergy and determined the IgE-levels in the serum, the middle ear effusions and the adenoid tissue. 5 out of 27 children suffered from an allergy of the upper respiratory tract, but only in one child we found an elevated level of IgE in middle ear effusion. On the basis of our investigations and recent literature, we suggest that an allergic rhinitis might cause an Eustachian tube dysfunction in a few patients. There is no evidence of a local allergic reaction of the middle ear mucosa.

Adenoidectomy↗
PubMed1989

[Assessment of the quality of life of patients with incurable head-neck tumors].

Assessment of the quality of life is an additional, perhaps crucial criterion for deciding on the choice of a palliative therapy. Therefore it is necessary to know what "quality of life" means to the individual patient. We developed a questionnaire in cooperation with patients suffering from cancer of head and neck. With this questionnaire it is possible to judge how the patient rates his own quality of life. The questionnaire helps the physician to develop a palliative therapy schedule taking the psyosocial background into consideration. It improves the practicability of prospective studies concerning palliative therapy schedules.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1989

[Experimental studies of the obliteration of extensive radical ear cavities with a new kind of ceramic granulate].

Modern ear surgery aims at obliterating the extensive radical cavities that remain after removal of a cholesteatoma. A wide variety of techniques have been developed, including working with muscle fascial flaps, cartilage or bone chips; osteoplastic meato-atti++----+-coantrotomy; reconstruction of the posterior auditory duct wall by ceramic dish moulds or homologous cartilage with and without obliteration of the remaining mastoid cavity. The ceramic granulate available for obliteration of the mastoid cavity is responsible for extremely high costs. In an animal experimental study, we investigated the histocompatibility of several new ceramic substances. These new ceramic materials differ especially from the conventional granulate in their implantation behaviour and also in their long-term absorption behaviour, an advantage that enables this ceramic granulate to be used on a broad scale for obliteration of the mastoid cavity and thus the implementation of a largely physiological reconstruction.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Postoperative active-specific immunotherapy of lymph node micrometastasis in a guinea pig tumor model.

Strain 2 guinea pigs bearing the transplanted intradermally growing line 10 tumor underwent surgical tumor excision at a time when the tumor had already metastasized to the first draining lymph node. Postoperative active-specific immunotherapy (ASI) consisted of two vaccinations with either Newcastle disease virus (NDV) modified or BCG-admixed line 10 tumor cells. 32% of the animals were cured of residual lymphatic micrometastasis by ASI with NDV-modified tumor cells while ASI with BCG was successful in 45%. No synergistic effect was observed when both ASI procedures were combined. Vaccine preparations with mitomycin C inactivated tumor cells proved to be less (NDV) or noneffective (BCG) compared to those with irradiated tumor cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Experimental studies on the relationship between maxillary sinus ventilation and various obstructions of the nose and nasopharynx.

The relationship of the nasal and the antral ventilation was studied with a plastinated model of a human nose. The effects of adenoidal hyperplasia and septal deviations on the antral ventilation were measured. It could be demonstrated that the aerodynamic effect of an obstruction within the nasal cavity largely depends on the localisation of the stenosis (anterior or posterior to the maxillary ostium). Additionally, the influence of an ostial obstruction on the antral ventilation was examined in dependence on the nasal ventilation. We were able to demonstrate that the antral pressure variations not only reflect the ostial function but as well the total aerodynamics of the upper respiratory tract. From this point of view we discuss diagnostic and therapeutic conclusions.

Airway Obstruction↗
PubMed1988

Glutathione content and gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase activity in squamous cell head and neck cancer xenografts.

Drug resistance is a major problem in chemotherapy of squamous cell head and neck cancers (SCHNC). Since glutathione (GSH) plays a crucial role in mediating tumor cell resistance against various toxic insults, GSH metabolism in SCHNC xenografts was investigated. Xenografts from lymph node metastases contained markedly higher GSH concentrations compared with those derived from the corresponding primary lesions. After subcurative chemotherapy with cisplatin (DDP), a significant increase of both GSH levels and gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase activity (gamma-GT) was gained in tumor HT1M. Tumor HT3M showed high concentrations of GSH and gamma-GT, although these latter concentrations did not increase following chemotherapy with DDP. These findings suggest a possible impact of GSH metabolism on both the formation of metastases and the phenomenon of drug resistance in SCHNC.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Localization of IgE synthesis in immediate-type allergy of the upper respiratory tract.

The localization of allergen-specific IgE synthesis in allergic diseases of the upper respiratory tract is so far unknown. It has been suggested that the IgE production takes place in the nasal mucosa itself. The present immunohistochemical studies with anti-IgE and monoclonal markers for B lymphocytes, plasma cells, antigens of the major histocompatibility complex, T helper and T suppressor cells indicate that there are no IgE-producing plasma cells in the nasal mucosa of patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis. The IgE-associated cells have been defined as two different types of mast cells. Furthermore we found IgE-associated lymphoid follicles in palatine as well as in nasopharyngeal tonsils and in cervical lymph nodes from allergic patients. IgE-specific activated B lymphocytes and plasma cells were identified in direct contact with migratory mast cells in these lymphoid tissues. We therefore suggest that IgE synthesis takes place in the lymphoid tissues of Waldeyer's ring and in downstream cervical lymph nodes and that migratory mast cells transport specific IgE back to the nasal mucosa to mediate the allergic reaction.

B-Lymphocytes↗
PubMed1988

[The effect of the upper cervical spine on hearing ability].

A chronic irritation in the upper cervical column of 10 rabbits by implantation of a wire string was performed. The vestibular and auditory functions were investigated by electronystagmography and by BERA before and several times after the operation. A distinct increase of the proprioceptive cervical nystagmus was found already in the first postoperative week. In contrary to the ENG findings the BERA did not show any alteration of the both threshold and latency values. These results indicate that the existence of the proprioceptive cervical hearing loss is very doubtful.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

[Treatment of pain in advanced tumors in the area of the head and neck].

Different mechanisms of pain development and strategies of pain treatment are briefly described as an introduction. Since medicaments are preferentially used for the treatment of cancer pain, pharmacology of analgesics and principles of analgetic therapy are pointed out in more detail. Based on own experiences, a stepwise schedule for the treatment of pain in patients with advanced head and neck cancer is presented.

Analgesics↗
PubMed1987

Dilatation of laryngeal and tracheal stenoses.

21 patients suffering from laryngeal or tracheal stenosis have been treated by dilatation. Of these, 9 regained health and needed no reconstructive surgery after dilatation. With regard to these results and those presented in the literature, the dilatation technique is a suitable method especially in infancy and if the stenosis is situated between the vocal cords or within the trachea. Yet, satisfactory results are only available if dilatation has been strictly indicated.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

[Critical remarks on chemotherapy of malignant tumors of the head and neck].

Chemotherapy of head and neck carcinomas has been the subject of 111 relevant publications reporting on more than 4,500 patients in the international literature of the past five years. Results of similar treatment protocols have been grouped together and tumour remission and survival time determined. Chemotherapy did not result in cure or increased survival times, neither alone nor in combination with irradiation nor when applied as adjuvant treatment. Inductive chemotherapy may result in producing a favourable effect on the prognosis of advanced carcinomas. The beneficial character of palliative chemotherapy is a generally accepted fact. Improvement of treatment results will be achieved only via centrally coordinated, randomised and prospective studies as well as by intensive fundamental research.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed1987

[Carcinoma of the nasopharynx: remarks on its etiology, diagnosis and prognosis].

In Germany the yearly incidence rate of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is about 0.2 to 0.4. Most of them are carcinomas and lymphoepitheliomas of Schmincke-Regaud type (anaplastic or poorly differentiated). Etiologically important are genetic and environmental factors as well as Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection. Beside the usual clinical and radiological examination EBV serology therefore is of great importance for the diagnosis of NPC. The level of VCA-IgA and VCA-IgG as well as EA-titers is significant for the differential diagnosis, the early therapeutic success and the long term follow-up especially in case of lymphoepithelioma. Present five-year survival rates range from 10 to 20% (squamous cell carcinoma) to 40 to 50% (lymphoepithelioma). These aspects will be critically discussed in summary with regard to the own results and those from the literature.

Adolescent↗