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Biomedical subjects

U Jodal

Publications and source records attributed to U Jodal.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

Adhesion to normal human uroepithelial cells of Escherichia coli from children with various forms of urinary tract infection.

The ability to adhere to normal human uroepithelial cells was compared for Escherichia coli strains isolated from the urine of girls with acute pyelonephritis, acute cystitis, or asymptomatic bacteriuria, and from the stools of school children without bacteriuria. Strains from those with acute pyelonephritis had high adhesive ability, whereas strains from those with acute cystitis had intermediate and strains from girls with asymptomatic bacteriuria or from normal feces had low adhesive ability. Strains of serogroup O4K12 had good adherence regardless of origin. E. coli of the eight O groups commonly found in patients with acute pyelonephritis adhered more than did strains of other O groups. Spontaneously agglutinating strains had less adhesive ability than did the O-typable ones.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1978

Urinary tract infections caused by Proteus mirabilis in children. The antibody response to O and H antigens and Tamm-Horsfall protein and bacterial adherence to uro-epithelium.

Sera from seven girls with acute symptomatic pyelonephritis and nine children with acute symptomatic cystitis caused by Proteus mirabilis were analysed for antibodies against the bacterial O and H1 antigens and the Tamm-Horsfall protein. An increase in antibody levels against O antigen and Tamm-Horsfall protein was noted only in patients with acute pyelonephritis indicating that antibody determinations can be useful in differentiating between upper and lower urinary tract infection caused by Proteus in similarity to those caused by E. coli. In contrast no difference in adhesive ability was noted comparing Proteus strains causing acute pyelonephritis or cystitis.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1977

Frequency of E. coli K antigens in urinary-tract infections in children.

The somatic (O) and casular (K) antigens of Escherichia coli from the urine of patients with acute pyelonephritis, acute cystitis, and asymptomatic bacteriuria, and in the faeces of healthy schoolchildren have been investigated. Typing antisera for sixteen capsular acidic polysaccharide K antigens were used, and five (numbers 1, 2, 3, 12, and 13) accounted for 70% of isolates from patients with acute pyelonephritis. These five K antigens were found to a lesser extent in the three other study groups. Thus, only a few K polysaccharides are associated with virulent properties of E. coli for the upper urinary tract. This finding is similar to the association of only some capsular types of pneumococci, meningococci, and Haemophilus influenzae with invasiveness. The identification of virulence markers for E. coli associated with upper-urinary-tract disease may permit more successful control with reference to preventive immunisation.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1977

Antigens of Escherichia coli, human immune response, and the pathogenesis of urinary tract infections.

Acute pyelonephritis (but not cystitis or "asymptomatic" bacteriuria) due to Escherichia coli induces serum antibodies to O-but rarely to K-antigens, especially not to the most common antigen, K1. Locally produced secretory IgA and IgG antibodies to O-and K-antigens appear in urine during most infections. The E. coli in urine of patients with asymptomatic bacteriuria are different from those in patients with acute pyelonephritis and cystitis and undergo continuous changes, presumably caused by the local antibody response. The E. coli become less virulent and are less able to attach to uroepithelial cells than E. coli causing acute symptomatic infections. Antibodies in urine prevent epithelial adherence. Parenteral and intravesicular injections of killed bacteria can protect against ascending pyelonephritis in rats. A few K-antigens dominate among E. coli that cause urinary tract infections. Vaccination of problem cases is a possibility because of the protective nature of K-antibodies. The mechanism of renal scarring that appears in some patients with urinary tract infections is unknown. Autoantibodies to the Tamm-Horsfall protein that increase after acute pyelonephritis or the cross-reactions noted between certain E. coli and antigens on the kidney may be involved.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Characteristics of antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli in the rectum of healthy school-children.

During a 3-year period, 771 rectal swabs were taken from abacteriuric school-children. Out of 709 E. coli strains, each isolated from one faecal specimen, 102 were found to be resistant to one or more antibacterial agents, and 607 to be fully sensitive. Another 204 resistant strains were found by selection for antibiotic resistance. The antibiotic-sensitive and the resistant strains were found to be two somewhat different populations, distinguished by a different distribution of O antigen types. Also, the K1 antigen was more common among the sensitive than among the resistant strains. Resistant strains that were not O typable were very seldom haemolytic.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Intestinal stimulation of the serum antibody response against Escherichia coli O83 antigen in healthy adults.

Ingestion of E. coli O83 bacteria preceded by intake of 2 g of NaHCO3 resulted in the bacteria appearing as a transient strain in the stool in 6 out of 11 healthy adult individuals. No rise in serum, urine or parotid fluid antibody levels against the crude O antigen from E. coli O83 bacteria could be detected using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) or the indirect haemagglutination (IHA) technique. In contrast, a serum antibody response was registered in four individuals with the ammonium sulphate precipitation (ASP) technique. The rise in antibody level was accompanied by an increase in relative average antibody avidity. Significantly lower levels of serum antibodies against the E. coli O83 and O6 antigens were recorded using the ASP technique as compared to those for O2, O4 and O75 antigens.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Variable adherence to normal human urinary-tract epithelial cells of Escherichia coli strains associated with various forms of urinary-tract infection.

The ability to become attached to normal epithelial cells from the urinary tract was much greater in Escherichia coli bacteria isolated from the urine of patients with acute symptomatic pyelonephritis or cystitis than in those isolated from the urine of patients with asymptomatic bacteriuria. Attachment of the bacteria could be prevented by incubation in urine containing antibodies against the strain tested. The ability to attach to uroepithelial cells might be a virulence factor for E. coli strains which cause symptomatic urinary-tract infection.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1976

Autoantibodies to Tamm-Horsfall protein, a tool for diagnosing the level of urinary-tract infection.

In sera from ten girls with acute pyelonephritis, antibodies of the IgG-class to Tamm-Horsfall protein were found in significantly increased titres; in contrast, titres in sera from six girls with acute cystitis did not differ from those of healthy controls. The results suggest that determination of Tamm-Horsfall antibodies may prove useful for differentiating between upper and lower urinary-tract infection.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1976

Sequential determination of C-reactive protein in acute childhood pyelonephritis.

Serum CRP levels ranging between 10 and 200 mug/ml were found in 19 patients with acute pyelonephritis. Treatment with antibacterial drugs, to which the bacteria were fully sensitive, resulted in a rapid decrease of the CRP values and very low or trace amounts were attained within a week. In contrast, cases ineffectively treated and/or reinfected showed increasing or slowly decreasing CRP levels. It is suggested that repeated CRP determinations can be used as a diagnostic tool for the rapid detection of cases of acute pyelonephritis in which treatment is ineffective.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1976

Antibodies against Escherichia coli O antigen. Antibody amounts and avidities measured with ammonium sulfate precipitation technique.

The ammonium sulfate precipitation (ASP) technique, modified Farr assay, has been utilized to study antibodies to Escherichia coli O2, O4, O6 and O75 antigens the induction of which could not be ascribed to the effect of a defined antigen. It was noted that the antibody titers against the O6 antigen in children, 0.1-2.5 years of age, were of lower magnitude than the others, significantly for the O2 and O4 antigens. Comparison between boys and girls under and over 1.0 year of age revealed higher titers in sera from girls and in the older children. However, significant differences were obtained only in a few instances. The antibody avidities were in most cases low and no correlation was found between antibody quantity and avidity. In consecutive samples from adults a varying pattern of antibodies to the O6 and O75 antigens was observed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Level diagnosis of symptomatic urinary tract infections in childhood.

As no method for localization of urinary tract infection has been shown to be absolutely reliable, six procedures have been carried out simultaneously in 25 girls with acute symptomatic infections and the reliability of each method assessed. While clinical diagnosis of pyelonephritis or cystitis correlated well with the overall results of the battery of tests, the reliability of individual tests varied. Highest reliability was obtained with CRP determinations followed by antibody titration, sedimentation rate, and renal concentrating capacity. In the bladder washout test only 8 of the 14 patients with pyelonephritis had findings clearly indicating high infection. Intermittent or inadequate discharge of bacteria from the renal parenchyma is suggested as the major source for this inaccuracy. In fact, half of the 42 final washout specimens from girls with acute pyelonephritis contained less than 1000 bacteria per ml, indicating that low numbers of organisms in ureteric urine is common in childhood pyelonephritis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Asymptomatic bacteriuria in schoolgirls. I. Clinical and laboratory findings.

Among 116 schoolgirls with asymptomatic bacteriuria detected at urinary screening, renal parenchymal reduction was found in 10.3%, while reflux was found in 20.7%. Only 30% of the 116 patients had a history referable to earlier urinary tract infection and there were remarkably few girls with an increased sedimentation rate (4.4%), C-reactive protein (9.5%), pyuria (25.8%) or lowered concentrating capacity (3.4%) at the time of detection of their bacteriuria. No method was found efficient in predicting lesions on the pyelogram and urethrocystogram, but determination of renal concentrating capacity and C-reactive protein was of some value in predicting parenchymal reduction. The girls with pyelonephritic changes on the pyelogram had a mean renal concentrating capacity significantly lower than the girls without changes. The concentrating capacity of the girls with reflux but without renal scarring and those bacteriuric patients without radiologically demonstrated defects did not differ significantly from the age-related normal values.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Asymptomatic bacteriuria in schoolgirls. II. Differences in escherichia coli causing asymptomatic bacteriuria.

Three hundred and forty-three E. coli strains isolated from the urine of patients with asymptomatic bacteriuria (ABU), symptomatic cystitis, or pyelonephritis were analysed with regard to O group distribution and sensitivity to the bactericidal effect of normal serum. Strains of O groups 1, 2, 4, 6, 7, 16, 18 and 75 were found in 31.3% in ABU, in 58.7% in cystitis and in 79.8% in pyelonephritis. Spontaneous agglutination was noted in 45.2% of ABU, 6.5% of cystitis and 1.7% of pyelonephritis strains. The strains from patients with ABU were significantly more sensitive to the bactericidal effect of normal serum than were those from patients with symptomatic urinary tract infection. In some patients with untreated ABU, changes in the characteristics of the urinary strains isolated were noted. The strains tended to become spontaneously agglutinating as well as more sensitive to the bactericidal activity of normal serum. The strains found in patients with ABU probably had an altered cell wall compared with those found in patients with symptomatic infections such that they produce fewer symptoms and possibly be less virulent.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed1975

Asymptomatic bacteriuria in schoolgirls. III. Relation between residual urine volume and recurrence.

Residual urine volume (RUV) has been measured in 70 schoolgirls with asymptomatic bacteriuria using 121I-hippuran. The mean volume of residual urine was 23.7 ml. More than 5 ml RUV, the highest value found in 14 girls without bacteriuria or a history of urinary tract infection, was found in 47% of the patients. The mean volume for residual urine in the control girls was 1-1 ml. Among the 44 girls cured for their bacteriuria be a bladder wash out test or antibiotic treatment, recurrence was significantly more common (p less than 0.001) in those greater than 5 ml in RUV (45/20, 75%) than in those with less than or equal to 5 ml (4/24, 17%). In 5 of 22 patients not treated, the bacteriuria disappeared spontaneously during a one year observation period. The RUV was less than 3 ml in 4 of these 5 girls. While the presence of residual urine per se may not be the primary event leading to bacteriuria, it may increase the risk of recurrences, by facilitating bacterial growth and impairing the wash out of bacteria from the bladder on micturition.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Asymptomatic bacteriuria in school girls. IV Difficulties of level diagnosis and the possible relation to the character of infecting bacteria.

As no method for localization of urinary tract infection has been shown to be absolutely reliable, six methods have been run parallelly in a study of 60 school girls with asymptomatic bacteriuria caused by E. coli. A poor correlation was obtained between "high infection" indicated by bladder washout test and abnormal findings of C-reactive protein, sedimentation rate, antibody titres or renal concentrating capacity, while findings of parenchymal reduction on the pyelogram and reflux on the urethrocystogram were often found within this group. The low frequency of abnormal findings of C-reactive protein, sedimentation rate and renal concentrating capacity in girls with a "high infection" may be explained by the finding that the ABU patients were infected with changed E. coli strains probably not able to cause the usual inflammatory reactions. The patients' bacteria were found to be less efficient in providing antigen for antibody determinations than were standard strains of same O group, indicating a difference between strains from ABU patients and standard strains. From the battery of tests used it seemed that most of the girls had a bladder infection. All tests were normal in 48% of the patients while at least three of the methods were abnormal in 12%.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Quantitation of Escherichia coli O antibodies by direct and indirect agglutination in comparison with a radioimmunoassay.

Titres of E. coli 06 antibody obtained with the direct bacterial agglutination (DBA) technique, the indirect haemagglutination (IHA) technique and the ammonium sulphate precipitation (ASP) technique were compared using rabbit immune sera and IgG and IgM antibody fractions thereof, untreated as well as reduced from beta-mercaptoethanol (ME). Poor rank correlation was obtained between the different assays on sera whether reduced or not. However, statistically significant correlation was obtained for the DBA and IHA titres on the IgM as well as IgG antibody fractions. There was also good correlation between the IHA and ASP titres on IgG antibody fractions. The DBA and IHA techniques both favoured IgM antibodies compared to the ASP method. This effect, however, was most accentuated by the IHA technique. In contrast, the IHA technique underestimated IgG antibodies more than the DBA technique. This could not be explained by influence of different antibody avidities, although the methods previously have been shown variously affected by such antibody properties. The study thus indicates an explanation for discrepancies in E. coli O antibody titres in patients with urinary tract infections obtained by different investigators using direct and indirect agglutination techniques or radioimmunoassay.

Absorption↗
PubMed1975

Amount and avidity of antibody to Escherichia coli O antigen measured with the ammonium sulphate precipitation technique in children with urinary tract infections.

The antibody amounts and avidities were analyzed in 13 patients with acute primary pyelonephritis, 11 patients with acute primary cystitis, and one with ureterocele and recurrent infections, using the ammonium sulphate precipitation (ASP) technique. The ASP titrations did not discriminate as well between pyelonephritis and cystitis as do the determinations with the indirect hemagglutination technique. The increase of antibody titer and avidity detected by the ASP method in some of the cystitis patients suggested a deeper tissue involvement in some cases resulting in antibodies demonstrable with this technique. Since control patients also showed a somewhat heterogenous antibody response regarding titer and avidity it cannot be excluded that stimulation by Escherichia coli antigens in the gut is detected by the ASP method.

Acute Disease↗