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Biomedical subjects

U Roessmann

Publications and source records attributed to U Roessmann.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Large pituitary gland adenomas evaluated with magnetic resonance imaging.

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomographic (CT) scanning, and angiography or digital subtraction angiography (DSA) were used preoperatively to evaluate 16 surgically proven cases of sellar tumor with extrasellar extension. There were 15 pituitary tumors and 1 schwannoma. The capabilities of MRI in evaluating these tumors were compared with CT scanning and angiography. Bone destruction and tumor calcification were better detected by CT scanning than by MRI. MRI was as effective as CT scanning in detecting a cyst or variation in tumor consistency. Neither MRI nor CT scanning was capable of distinguishing specific tumor types. In every case, MRI was superior to CT scanning for delineating spatial relationships of the tumor to the 3rd ventricle, the optic apparatus, adjacent brain, and parasellar vasculature. Vessel encasement by tumor was clearly seen on MRI when there was no direct indication of this on other studies. Cavernous sinus invasion was not demonstrated by CT scanning, but was indicated by MRI in 5 cases and was surgically confirmed in 3. MRI can provide more precise spatial information on extrasellar tumor extension. Vascular encasement and cavernous sinus invasion may be determined preoperatively. Treatment expectations and operative approaches can be guided by this information. When MRI is available, it is the test of choice for the preoperative evaluation of patients with suspected large pituitary gland (sellar region) tumors. Contrast-enhanced CT scanning and angiography can be used as supplementary studies to add information inherently unique to these techniques.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1987

Diffuse dysplasia of cerebral hemispheres in a fetus. Possible viral cause?

The pathologic anatomy of an infant born with an occluded ventricular system and cerebral dysplasia is described. The possible role of an intrauterine viral infection as the cause is discussed, as is the possible relationship of this lesion to cerebro-ocular dysgenesis (Warburg syndrome).

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1986

Pathological reaction of astrocytes in perinatal brain injury. Immunohistochemical study.

Astrocytic reaction to various types of pre- and perinatal damage in the brain was studied using the immunohistochemical method for glial fibrillary acidic protein. The reactive gliosis could be detected as early as 20 weeks gestation. Reactive proliferation of the astrocytes could be seen already at 4 days after the insult. In addition to reacting to focal lesions, the astrocytes also proliferated diffusely throughout the white matter. The diffuse proliferation is the most significant finding in the evaluation of the perinatal damage, in both the acute state and in the long-term survivors.

Astrocytes↗
PubMed1986

Astrocytes in the developing human brain. An immunohistochemical study.

Patterns of appearance and maturation of astrocytes, as demonstrated by the immunohistochemical detection of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), were studied in fetal and mature neonatal brains. Mature astrocytes were present throughout much of the normal central nervous system at 15 weeks of gestation, but they varied in density in different parts. Glioneogenesis continued throughout the fetal and postnatal ages. Marginal glia were conspicuous with strong reaction and probably constituted a distinct subpopulation of glia. There was no temporal relationship between astrocytic proliferation and "myelination gliosis". Radial glia and Bergmann fibers in normal brains did not react to GFAP antiserum.

Astrocytes↗
PubMed1986

Muscular alteration in agyria with pyramidal tract anomaly.

A 4-year-old boy with a history of muscular hypotonia, mental retardation, microcephaly, and generalized convulsions was found at autopsy to have agyria, agenesis of the anterior commissure and posterior corpus callosum as well as an abnormal decussation of pyramidal tracts which descended in the spinal dorsal columns. Postmortem muscular alterations included type IIc fiber hypertrophy and type I fiber grouping, variably expressed in individual muscles and intramuscular fascicles. This may represent a developmental delay compatible with a gestational age between the 34th and 40th week. These studies also indicate the importance of examining multiple samples of postmortem muscles and muscles from patients afflicted with cerebral malformations.

Cerebral Cortex↗
PubMed1986

Anaplastic astrocytoma mimicking metastatic carcinoma.

A case of anaplastic astrocytoma mimicking a metastatic carcinoma is presented. This rare type of astrocytoma with epithelial features is compared to cases reported in the literature, and the importance of staining brain tumor biopsies for glial fibrillary acidic protein is emphasized.

Astrocytoma↗
PubMed1986

Correlation of perinatal brain growth with age, body size, sex, and race.

This study compares the weight of the human brain to gestational age and body dimensions. A new formula for calculating the rate of growth is proposed. It consists of a second order polynomial function: Y = A0 + A1X + A2X2, in which Y is brain weight, body weight, height, or body surface area; X is gestational age in weeks and A0, A1, and A2 are statistically estimated coefficients. In utero, the growth rate is most rapid for body weight, followed in decreasing order by brain weight, body surface area, and height. Brain growth is the same for both sexes in black and white races; it accelerates between the 20th and 45th weeks of gestation. The size of the newborn infant brain is directly related to gestational age and body size and is not determined by sex or race.

Birth Weight↗
PubMed1985

Extradural spinal angiolipoma with secretory activity. An ultrastructural, clinico-pathological study.

The light and ultrastructural analyses of an extradural intraspinal angiolipoma causing symptoms of spinal cord compression, are reported. The tumour showed morphological evidence of an endocrine-like secretory activity of fat cells, with an apparent mechanism of secretory function that has not previously been described for angiolipomas. The secretory granules, containing a lipid-like material, were covered with a continuous basement membrane originating from the basement membrane of the adipocyte.

Exocytosis↗
PubMed1985

Agyria (lissencephaly) with anomalous pyramidal crossing. Case report and review of literature.

A case of agyria (lissencephaly) with a highly unusual course of the corticospinal tract at the crossing and in the spinal cord is described. Published cases of agyria (lissencephaly) are reviewed with special attention to the cortical fiber system and organization of the necortex, and their implications for possible pathogenetic mechanisms. The problem of nomenclature is discussed.

Cerebral Cortex↗
PubMed1985

Central spinal myelinolysis.

A midline lesion of the funiculus gracilis was found in four patients with histories of alcoholism, nutritional disturbance, and repeated episodes of electrolyte imbalance. Histologic and anatomic abnormalities were similar to those of central pontine myelinolysis. Sodium imbalance may play a role in the pathogenesis of both conditions.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Duplication of the pituitary gland and spinal cord.

Multiple malformations, including duplication of the pituitary gland, stalk, and infundibulum, and complex duplication of the spinal cord were observed in a female infant. The problems of classification of the spinal cord duplications are discussed, and the role of the notochord in the formation of double organs is proposed.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1984

Central nervous system of a thoracopagus.

Postmortem examination of the central nervous system (CNS) of a dicephalus thoracopagus tetrapus revealed two separate brains and spinal cords. On the conjoined side the spinal cord showed hypoplasia of the anterior horns and dorsal funiculi at the lower cervical and upper thoracic levels. Hypoplasia of the peripheral nerves, anterior horn cells, and dorsal funiculi is a consequence of a reduction in tissue mass due to a loss of inductive influence.

Central Nervous System↗
PubMed1984

Exencephaly in Cantrell-Haller-Ravitsch Syndrome.

A case of exencephaly associated with spinal dysraphism and Cantrell-Haller-Ravitsch syndrome is described. Significant findings included exencephaly, multiple subcortical neuroepithelial islets with active proliferation, cerebellar aplasia, and abnormal flexion of the neuraxis with spinal dysraphism of the cervicothoracic region. The various features of exencephaly, anencephaly, and iniencephaly are discussed. The significance of subcortical growth zones is evaluated in the light of experimental observation.s

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1984

Hypotensive brain stem necrosis in a stillborn.

Hypotensive brain stem necrosis is reported in a stillborn. Additional postmortem findings included evidence of intrauterine distress, shock, and a pure blood culture of group B beta-hemolytic streptococci. These findings suggest group B beta-hemolytic streptococcal sepsis in utero, with a subsequent episode of transitory circulatory failure prior to intrauterine demise.

Brain Ischemia↗
PubMed1984

Chiasmal apoplexy: hemorrhage from a cryptic vascular malformation in the optic chiasm.

We describe three patients with acute chiasmal visual field loss caused by hemorrhage within an intrachiasmal arteriovenous malformation. One patient had five episodes; vision improved three times without treatment and twice after surgical decompression. Surgical intervention restored vision in two of the three patients. The role for surgery is indefinite, but may be indicated if the visual defect remains static for 1 week or progresses. Decompression is likely to be most effective if done early. The approach to the optic chiasm should be transcranial, not transsphenoidal. A radiologically normal sella turcica favors the diagnosis of chiasmal apoplexy in the acute chiasmal syndrome.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Dysplastic gangliocytoma of cerebellum in a newborn. Case report.

Dysplastic gangliocytoma of the cerebellum is reported in a newborn. It is characterized by large ganglion cells in the molecular layer and premature attenuation of the external granule-cell layer. The internal granule-cell layer appears rarefied but otherwise normally organized. It appears that in this disease the migrating granule cells mature too early and become arrested in the molecular layer, because of their abnormal forms, while others continue to migrate and grow in size in their normal location in the inner granule-cell layer.

Cerebellar Neoplasms↗
PubMed1984

Fourth ventriculoceles with extracranial extension.

The radiographic features and long-term clinical outcome in three patients who presented at birth with a cystic suboccipital mass in direct communication with the fourth ventricle are reviewed. The pathological findings in a fourth infant who died are also discussed. All surviving infants were treated with cyst excision and diversion of cerebrospinal fluid. The prognosis in these children, followed from 6 to 20 years, surpasses that of the more common occipital encephalocele, for which this entity could be mistaken. The morphogenetic implications relative to more common congenital lesions in this location are discussed.

Cerebral Ventricles↗