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Biomedical subjects

U Roessmann

Publications and source records attributed to U Roessmann.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Vasospasm following transsphenoidal tumor removal associated with the arterial changes of oral contraception.

A case of fatal cerebral vasospasm after transsphenoidal removal of a pituitary macroadenoma with suprasellar extension is reported. On the second postoperative day the patient developed headache, lethargy, and cardiorespiratory arrest. Five days later, after recovery from this episode, she developed signs of involvement of the left hemisphere. At that time she demonstrated severe cerebral vasospasm, which was worse in the left supraclinoid segment of the internal carotid artery, and she died 19 days postoperatively. Postmortem examination showed left hemispheric and hypothalamic infarction with subsequent herniation. In addition, pathologic arterial changes usually related to use of oral contraceptives were present.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1983

Neuronal and astrocytic differentiation in human neuroepithelial neoplasms. An immunohistochemical study.

Neuroepithelial neoplasms of childhood were examined immunohistochemically using antibodies against a neurofilament polypeptide and glial fibrillary acidic protein. Ninety-one cases, including 11 controls, were examined. Positively reacting cells, indicating neuronal and glial differentiation, were found in 59 of the 80 tumors. The study supports a neuroepithelial origin for medulloblastomas, central neuroblastomas, and primitive neuroectodermal tumors of childhood. The results also indicate that only a small number of the tumor cells differentiate along either neuronal or glial cell lines.

Astrocytoma↗
PubMed1983

Neuropathological findings in thanatophoric dysplasia.

Central nervous system abnormalities were found in seven infants with thanatophoric dysplasia, including two with cloverleaf skull deformity. These abnormalities were megalencephaly, dysplastic temporal cortex, lateral displacement of basal ganglia, dysplasia of several nuclei, and fiber tract deformities. They are characteristic and distinct components of thanatophoric dysplasia.

Brain↗
PubMed1982

Infantile small cell gliomas.

Fourteen juvenile patients with small cell gliomas were studied at two institutes. These tumors are believed to form a distinct entity. They arise mostly in the diencephalon or the brain stem and are composed of a poorly differentiated small cell component having a pronounced tendency to differentiate into a glioma. Signs of neuroblastic differentiation were also found with the electron microscope. Small cell gliomas disseminate early and profusely throughout the ventricular walls and the subarachnoid spaces including the spinal meninges. Prognosis is grave, most patients dying within 1 year of diagnosis or surgical intervention. The designation "infantile small cell glioma" overlaps with both the "metastasising gliomas in young subjects" of Eade and Urich (1971) and with the primitive neuroectodermal tumor of infancy of Hart and Earle (1973).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

The presence of glial fibrillary acidic protein in the human pituitary gland.

The presence of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) was studied in human pituitary glands with the peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) method. Positive reaction was observed in cells and processes of the neurohypophysis, in occasional cells lining the Rathke's cysts of the pars intermedia, and in scattered star-shaped cells and small follicles of the pars distalis. GFAP immunoreactivity was sparse and variable in amount from case to case. An increase in GFAP-immunoreactivity was observed as a reaction to injury. GFAP-positive cells were seen within and around pituitary adenomas regardless of their secretory cell type. Evidence is presented to indicate that these cells do not contain conventional pituitary hormones. It is postulated that the GFAP-positive cells of the pars distalis are nonsecretory elements, identical to the folliculostellate cells. They may become visible by immunostaining following increased synthesis of GFAP. The latter may be a response to cell injury or metabolic changes in adjacent secretory elements. A similar reaction in pituicytes may explain the appearance of immunoreactive GFAP in the neural lobe. The presence of GFAP in the adenohypophysis suggests that some of their cells are neuroectodermal in origin.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1982

The weight of the infratentorial portion of the adult brain and analysis of the infratentorial/whole brain weight ratio.

A direct relationship exists between the weights of the infratentorial portion (ITP) of the brain and the whole brain. With aging, the weight of the ITP decreases, but the decrease begins later and is smaller than for the forebrain. With whole brain weights, there are significant differences in the weight of the ITP between sexes and between the races. The weight of the ITP increases slightly with increase in body weight. The infratentorial/whole brain ratio is stable during adult life and does not vary with body dimensions. The ratio increases after age 80 because of the accelerated loss of mass of the forebrain. The ratio is the same for both races, but it is significantly higher for the females than for the males. The difference is best accounted for by an arrest in the growth of the forebrain in the female during adolescence.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Barbiturate coma in focal cerebral ischemia. Relationship of protection to timing of therapy.

The therapeutic application of barbiturate-induced coma was evaluated in a primate model of focal cerebral ischemia. A standardized regimen of pentobarbital was used, and the times of initiation of administration were varied following a 6-hour middle cerebral artery occlusion in baboons. Three groups of five animals were treated at 30, 120, and 240 minutes after occlusion, while one group of five animals received no barbiturate therapy. Complete protection from intracranial pressure (ICP) elevation and ischemic damage was seen only in the group treated at 30 minutes. Those treated at 120 minutes, while doing better than untreated animals, still had ICP elevation and a marked neuropathological deficit. Animals treated at 240 minutes suffered a detrimental effect, in that malignant ICP and marked ischemic damage occurred earlier than in the untreated animals. The safe "therapeutic window" for barbiturate-induced coma in this animal model does not extend beyond 2 hours. Delayed administration results in a deleterious response and not merely a lack of protection.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Central nervous system toxicity of high-dose systemic cytosine arabinoside.

Forty-nine adult patients with acute leukemia in relapse, refractory to conventional therapy, were studied. Increasing quantities of i.v. bolus high-dose cytosine arabinoside (cytarabine) were administered using the following schedules: 3 g/m2 every 12 hrs for 4-16 consecutive doses, or 4.5 g/m2 every 12 hrs for 12 consecutive doses. Patients ages ranged 16-76 year (median: 38). Thirty-seven patients had previously received either induction or maintainance therapy with conventional doses of cytarabine. Cerebral or cerebellar dysfunction attributable to cytarabine was observed in eight patients and appeared 6-8 days (mean: 6.6) after the first dose and lasted 3-7 days (mean: 4.7). None of 12 patients receiving up to 24 g/m2 total dose of 48 g/m2 developed reversible neurologic dysfunction. Four of six patients receiving 54 g/m2 developed CNS toxicity (irreversible in two cases), a significantly greater incidence compared to toxicity in patients receiving less than or equal to 48 g/m2 total dose (P less than 0.01). CNS toxicity was dose-related since patients treated for 12 consecutive doses of 4.5 g/m2 had significantly greater CNS toxicity than 12 consecutive doses at 3 g/m2 (P less than 0.04). Systemic cytarabine doses less than 54 g/m2 can be administered with minimal CNS side-effects.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Newborn brain weight in relation to maturity, sex, and race.

Fresh brain weight, gestational age, body weight, sex, and race were collected from autopsy records of 782 newborns over a 10-year period. The brain weight of the mature newborn does not differ between males and females or between white and black infants. For the premature, however, brain weight is heavier in white males than in black males and in white females than in black females. These differences are similar to those found for adults in our previous studies, and they correspond to differences in gestational age and body weight in the subgroups. The differences in brain weight between races are best explained on the basis of environmental factors.

Black People↗
PubMed1981

Respiratory distress and Arnold-Chiari malformation.

Fourteen children with Arnold-Chiari malformation had history of respiratory distress, apnea, vocal cord paralysis or inability to swallow. Postmortem examination in 12 disclosed vascular lesions in the tegmentum of the medulla oblongata. The length of survival of these children was markedly shorter than of those without such history and anatomic findings. It is suggested that the malformation results in changes in the vascular supply of the herniated portion of the brainstem. Stretching of the arteries may result in irreversible damage to the brainstem with subsequent life-threatening disturbance of respiratory function.

Apnea↗
PubMed1981

Central nervous system reactions to ventriculojugular shunts.

The response of the central nervous system (CNS) to ventricular shunts was examined in 19 patients and was found to be similar to the response observed experimentally in animals and in the cases of wound repair in humans. The major finding was the presence of a fibrous capsule surrounding 7 or 12 shunts in place for longer than 2 months. The CNS results differ from those observed in soft tissue responses by the inconstancy of the fibroblastic reaction. The formation of the envelope, when present, is related to hemorrhage secondary to insertion, with no relationship to the duration of shunt use. The ability of tumor cells to spread along the shunt path reflects the weak adhesion between the neural elements and the shunt.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Gangliogliomas: pathological and clinical correlation.

Fourteen cases of ganglioglioma are analyzed. This tumor can be found anywhere within the central nervous system. The histological appearance is highly variable and does not relate to the biological behavior. The prognosis depends on the location and possible modes of treatment. Overall, the lesion appears to be nonaggressive and consistent with long survival.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Needle biopsy of tumors in the region of the third ventricle.

Twenty-six patients underwent needle biopsy of tumors in the area of the third ventricle. Operative mortality was zero, and the diagnosis was established in 23 of the 26 patients. There was no permanent neurological deterioration in any of the patients. Needle biopsy yields diagnostic information with small risk, and is particularly helpful in the posterior portion of the third ventricle where tumors are likely to be quite radiosensitive.

Astrocytoma↗
PubMed1981

Clinical and pathological study of dysplastic gangliocytoma. Case report.

A case of dysplastic gangliocytoma of the cerebellum (Lhermitte-Duclos disease) is reported. Computerized tomography revealed a nonenhancing mass lesion surrounded by areas of calcification. Surgical excision resulted in complete resolution of the patient's symptoms. The histological findings support the concept that this tumor represents a congenital abnormality in granule-cell migration and is not a true neoplasm.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in ependymal cells during development. An immunocytochemical study.

Human ependymal cells show positive immunostaining for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) at one stage of the fetal development. The reaction seems to coincide with maturation of the epithelial layer and development of cilia. Two types of reactive cells are present: epithelial and tanycytes. The GFAP-positive reaction in both these cells is transient, appearing at different times and with different patterns in the various regions of the ventricular system. In order to explain the presence of detectable GFAP in developing ependymal cells and its absence in mature cells, it is proposed that either the synthesis of detectable amounts of GFAP occurs only at a stage of ependymal cell maturation, or that the intermediate filaments assembled in developing ependymal cell are antigenically distinct form those of the mature cells. The present findings indicate that tanycytes are not an immature from of ependymal cells but that they develop parallel to the epithelial cells. The role of the tanycytes remains obscure, but it is suggested that they are not related to radial glia.

Animals↗