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Biomedical subjects

U Rydberg

Publications and source records attributed to U Rydberg.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Mortality in patients with substance abuse: a follow-up in Stockholm County, 1973-1984.

A group of patients (N = 1630) hospitalized in Stockholm County with a diagnosis of substance abuse during 1971-1972 were followed through 1984 as regards mortality: 446 (296 males and 150 females) patients died. The excess mortality in the cohort was 5.3 (males 5.8, females 4.6) compared to the general population in Stockholm County. The highest mortality was found in opiate users, with an excess mortality of 18.3. Fifty-one percent of the causes of death belonged to ICD-8 chapter 17, injury and poisoning, and of these, 69% (155 patients) were definite or probable suicides. Since HIV entered the Stockholm drug addict population by the end of this follow-up, the excess mortality reported here can be even higher in the years to come. To follow and monitor the mortality among patients with substance abuse is an important aspect in the evaluation of programs for prevention and treatment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Opiate addiction in adult offspring through possible imprinting after obstetric treatment.

OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that opiate addiction in adults might stem partly from an imprinting process during birth when certain drugs are given to the mother. DESIGN: Retrospective study by logistic regression of opiate addicts with siblings as controls. SETTING: Stockholm, Sweden. SUBJECTS: 200 Opiate addicts born in Stockholm during 1945-66, comprising 41 identified during interviews of probands for an earlier study; 75 patients whose death from opiate addiction had been confirmed during 1978-88; and 84 accepted for the methadone programme. 262 Siblings (controls) born in Stockholm during the same period, 24 of whom were excluded for drug addiction or being brought up outside the family. Birth records were unavailable for eight, leaving 230 siblings and 139 corresponding probands. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Administration of opiates, barbiturates, and nitrous oxide (for greater than 1 h) to mothers of all subjects during labour within 10 hours before birth as a risk factor for adult opiate addiction. RESULTS: In subjects who had subsequently become addicts a significant proportion of mothers had received opiates or barbiturates, or both, compared with unmatched siblings (25% v 16%, chi 2 = 5.83, df = 1, p = 0.02), and these mothers had received nitrous oxide for longer and more often. After controlling for hospital of birth, order of birth, duration of labour, presentation other than vertex, surgical intervention, asphyxia, meconium stained amniotic fluid, and birth weight the relative risk for offspring subsequently becoming an adult opiate addict increased with the number of administrations of any of the three drugs. When the addicts were matched with their own siblings the estimated relative risk was 4.7 (95% confidence interval 1.8 to 12.4, p for trend = 0.002) for three administrations compared with when no drug was given. CONCLUSIONS: The results are compatible with the imprinting hypothesis. Therefore, for obstetric pain relief methods are preferable that do not permit substantial passage of drugs through the placenta.

Analgesia, Obstetrical↗
PubMed1989

Schizophrenia in users and nonusers of cannabis. A longitudinal study in Stockholm County.

In a previous longitudinal study of Swedish conscripts we have shown strong association between level of cannabis consumption at conscription and development of schizophrenia during 15 years of follow-up. In this study we further analysed data from a subsample of the national cohort. Case records for all conscripts residing in Stockholm County who reported consuming cannabis on more than 10 occasions and who subsequently developed schizophrenia (n = 8) were compared with case records of a sample of conscripts who also developed schizophrenia but reported no cannabis consumption at conscription (n = 13). The relative risk of schizophrenia among cannabis users in Stockholm County was 4.1 (95% confidence interval 1.8-9.3) compared with nonusers. No evidence was found of a significant role for any other narcotic drug in the emergence of schizophrenia among cannabis abusers. Further, there was no evidence of mental disorder prior to cannabis abuse, even if the role of personality traits could not be fully assessed. A different pattern of mental deterioration was found among cannabis users, with a more abrupt onset of schizophrenic symptoms than nonusers. There was no major difference between users and nonusers in heredity for schizophrenia or other mental disorder. Negative social background factors were more common among cannabis abusers. Although the number of cases in this study was small, the findings support the hypothesis that cannabis does play an aetiological role in schizophrenia.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Obstetric pain medication and eventual adult amphetamine addiction in offspring.

Our purpose was to investigate whether obstetric analgesia, particularly by nitrous oxide, constitutes a risk that the infant might develop amphetamine addiction in later life. Of 200 current amphetamine addicts born between 1945 and 1966 in Stockholm, proportionately more were born at hospitals where pain medication had been administered in large doses (p less than 0.05). A blind matched comparison was made between 73 addicts and 109 non-addicted siblings by logistic regression, in which nitrous oxide administration was tested in competition with 12 other natal variables as possible confounders. The risk for amphetamine drug addiction in offspring was found to increase with duration of intermittent administration of pure nitrous oxide, i.e. it was estimated to be 5.6 times greater (95% confidence intervals 1.6-16.9, p = 0.005) when nitrous oxide had been given for greater than or equal to 4.5 h vis-à-vis less than or equal to 0.25 h. Calculated risks are probably underestimates. Results can be explained as an effect of imprinting. It is concluded that local or regional anesthesia are preferable to general anesthesia which allows substantial amounts of drugs to cross the placenta.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Cannabis and schizophrenia. A longitudinal study of Swedish conscripts.

The association between level of cannabis consumption and development of schizophrenia during a 15-year follow-up was studied in a cohort of 45,570 Swedish conscripts. The relative risk for schizophrenia among high consumers of cannabis (use on more than fifty occasions) was 6.0 (95% confidence interval 4.0-8.9) compared with non-users. Persistence of the association after allowance for other psychiatric illness and social background indicated that cannabis is an independent risk factor for schizophrenia.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Age-dependent effects of ethanol on central monoamine synthesis in the male rat.

In the present study, the effect of ethanol on central monoamine synthesis in developing and adult male rats was studied by measuring the accumulation of DOPA and 5-hydroxytryptophan after inhibition of aromatic amino acid decarboxylase. Before adolescence, ethanol caused a decrease of DOPA accumulation in the whole rat brain, while after adolescence ethanol increased the DOPA synthesis. Ethanol had no effect on the serotonin synthesis at any of the ages studied. It is suggested that hormonal events occurring during puberty may be of importance for the stimulatory properties of ethanol observed at adult age.

5-Hydroxytryptophan↗
PubMed1983

Alcoholic women in fertile age treated at an alcohol clinic.

The consumption of alcohol by women in Sweden is strongly increasing, especially in younger individuals. Since the rediscovery of the teratological properties of alcohol most of the studies concerning foetal alcohol damage in man have covered female skid row alcoholics. This investigation describes the medical and social characteristics of a group of women (n = 92) receiving inpatient care for alcoholism compared with an age-matched control group, in relation to obstetrical history. The conditions in the control group were in accord with those of the general population. Social problems and degree of alcoholism were noticeably advanced among the probands. The proband women who gave birth after established regular alcohol consumption were younger, showed more psychiatric complications during the treatment period, had started drinking and developing signs of advanced alcoholism earlier in life compared with probands who gave birth before established regular alcohol consumption. They also exhibited more social disturbances. The social problems caused by the mothers' alcohol abuse are expected to aggravate the biological consequences to their children.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Outcome of pregnancy in women treated at an alcohol clinic.

The studies in man concerning foetal alcohol damage have mostly covered skid row female alcoholics, and no study has described the outcome of pregnancy of a larger group of women receiving inpatient care for alcoholism. In another study we have described the medical and social characteristics of such a group (n = 92) of women, as well as those of an age-matched control group. This article reports retrospectively on the pregnancies and the infants of these women. The pregnancies and deliveries were normal in both groups. There was no significant difference in rate of stillbirths, neonatal mortality, perinatal asphyxia or neonatal distress. In infants born to alcoholic mothers after established regular alcohol consumption (n = 31), a significant reduction of mean placental weight, birth weight, length at birth and head circumference at birth, was found compared with control infants (n = 170). In the former group 12.9% of the infants were small for gestational age, in the latter 1.3%. Congenital malformations were significantly increased in the former group. Thus, in female inpatients at an alcohol clinic a history of increased risk for adverse neonatal outcome was found.

Abnormalities, Drug-Induced↗