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Biomedical subjects

U Rydberg

Publications and source records attributed to U Rydberg.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Head injury and intoxication: a diagnostic and therapeutic dilemma.

One hundred patients admitted to a surgical clinic with a diagnosis of concussion of the brain were studied regarding the abuse of alcohol and narcotic drugs. 58% of the patients were assessed as intoxicated on admission. Psychiatric evaluation revealed a history of alcohol dependence in 43 of the patients and experience of narcotic drugs in 25. Forty-six of the patients reported recurrent defects of memory and nine suffered from epilepsy. Amnesia therefore seems to be a factor of limited diagnostic value in concussion of the brain. Because of diagnostic difficulties, in patients with alcohol intoxication a more liberal attitude towards cranial X-ray and CT-scanning will be justified. Blood ethanol determination, measurement of blood gamma glutamyl transpeptidase and the mean blood corpuscular volume are clinically important to elucidate the etiology in patients with head injury. Active rehabilitative measures should be initiated in collaboration between the surgeon, psychiatrist and social worker to prevent post-concussional syndromes.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Endorphin levels in human cerebrospinal fluid during alcohol intoxication and withdrawal.

Levels of endorphins were determined in CSF from alcoholics while intoxicated or after 1 day, 1 week, and 3 weeks of abstinence, respectively, and from healthy volunteers. The level of endorphins was determined by a radioreceptor assay and two fractions were analyzed. With fraction 1, there were no significant differences between the groups, but the level was negatively correlated with the blood-alcohol level. The mean level of endorphin fraction 2 during the early withdrawal phase was significantly lower than those of the other groups. With respect to clinical conditions and monoamine metabolites, fraction 2 in early withdrawal correlated significantly to duration of abuse and age. During late withdrawal, fraction 1 level correlated to depressive symptoms and, after 3 weeks of abstinence, fraction 2 correlated to MOPEG levels. This study suggests that endorphin systems are affected during alcohol intoxication and withdrawal in alcoholics.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Effects of ethanol on locomotor activity in rats of different ages.

Using male Sprague-Dawley rats of different ages, simple motor activity was measured over three 4 min. runs in a square open field after ethanol (EtOH, 2 g/kg, intraperitoneally) or saline. The different groups consisted of 12 animals whose mean ages was 20, 40 and 60 days. Motor activity and blood ethanol levels were measured at 30, 60 and 120 min. after injection. Blood ethanol levels (measured after each run) decreased from 1st to 3rd run in 20 and 40 day groups and increased from 1st to 2nd run in the 60 day group, before decreasing. Activity data indicated: 1) decrease in motor activity the 3 runs by all saline and the 21 day EtOH groups, 2) initial lower activity induced by EtOH in all age groups, 3) lack of decrease in activity over 3 runs in 40 and 60 day EtOH groups. All saline and EtOH age groups showed within-run decrease of activity.

Aging↗
PubMed1980

Alcohol intoxication and hangover: modification of hangover by chlormethiazole.

Alcohol intoxication and hangover were studied in 12 healthy male subjects who participated in three 18-h experimental sessions; two sessions in which they consumed 1.43 g alcohol/kg body weight as mixed beverages together with food, and one control session when mineral water was substituted for the alcoholic beverages. In one of the alcohol sessions they received chlormethiazole, 1 g at bedtime and 0.5 g early the following morning, in the other, they were given placebo tablets. The following variables were studied: blood-alcohol concentration; blood pressure; heart rate; blood lactate; blood pyruvate; urinary catecholamines (only during hangover); psychomotor and cognitive capacities; as well as subjective reactions. During intoxication, heart rate and lactate-pyruvate ratio were significantly increased and performance efficiency was significantly deteriorated in comparison with the control condition. During hangover, heart rate, blood pressure, and lactate-pyruvate ratio were significantly elevated, and cognitive performance was still affected, in some tests to a significant degree. During this stage there was a great variation between subjects as regards subjective hangover. Chlormethiazole was found to lower blood pressure and adrenaline output and, furthermore, to relieve unpleasant physical symptoms, but did not affect fatigue and drowsiness. The cognitive test results were only slightly influenced by this agent, while psychomotor performance was significantly impaired. Subjects with severe subjective hangover seemed to benefit more from the chlormethiazole treatment than subjects with a mild hangover.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Effects of ethanol on the developing rat. I. Ethanol metabolism and effects on lactate, pyruvate, and glucose concentrations.

Ethanol, 27.1 mmol/kg, or saline, was administered to rats (n = 120) in classes weighing 25, 50, 100, 150, 200, and 250 g. The metabolic rate of ethanol (g/kg X min-1) was more than three times higher in adult animals than in new-born ones. The lactate to pyruvate ratio was unchanged in the lowest weight class, but increased in all the others. Using freeze-clamp technique to determine liver lactate to pyruvate ratio, the ratio was significantly higher in ethanol-treated rats in all weight classes. Ethanol induced a significant hypoglycemia in the lowest weight class but not in any other class. Thus the metabolic responses to ethanol were found to be different during various stages of development in the rat.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1980

Effects of ethanol on the developing rat. II. Coordination as measured by the tilting-plane test.

Ethanol 27.1 mmol/kg body weight, was administered intraperitoneally to rats in the weight classes 25, 50, 100, 150, 200 and 250 g. Controls were given saline, the total number of animals used being 120. Blood ethanol concentration and performance on the tiling-plane test was determined before and up to six hours after administration. Total ethanol elimination was low in the smallest weight classes, increasing during adolescence. The three smallest weight classes showed no impairment of performance after ethanol, while the 150-250 g classes were significantly impaired during the time of maximum blood ethanol concentration.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1977

The toxicity of ethanol. A tentative risk evaluation.

A substantial knowledge has been collected on the dose-dependent toxic effects of ethanol. Whereas ethanol probably is the chemical substance exerting most toxic effects in many populations, a quantitative estimate of the upper limit of long term safe consumption from a toxicological and public health standpoint has not earlier been performed. It may be summarized that the toxic range of ethanol consumption is 35-200 g per day. Based on the available data we would propose an acceptable daily intake (ADI) for ethanol of 7 g per day. The practical consequences are discussed.

Alcohol Drinking↗
PubMed1977

The effect of alcohol on the developing organism. Genetical, teratological and physiological aspects.

In discussing the effects of alcohol on infants, children and adolescents, it is common to refer first to sociological data and only secondly to medical and biological information, often with scarce experimental support. Recently, however, the genetic, teratological and physiological aspects of the effects of alcohol on the developing organism have been the subject of several investigations, both in man and in experimental animals. It cannot be excluded that genetic factors influence the metabolism of alcohol. The effects of alcohol on some physiological functions vary between different racial groups. A number of studies have revealed teratological effects of alcohol in man, and investigations have also been performed to demonstrate such effects in experimental animals. The development of liver alcohol dehydrogenase activity both pre- and postnatally has been studied. The metabolic capacity for alcohol varies with age, with a maximum during adolescence. As yet, no clear pattern of the effects of alcohol on developing physiological functions can be distinguished, but hypoglycemia seems to be an effect of alcohol on younger organisms which later disappears, while other metabolic functions are rather insensitive in the early developmental stages. Most central nervous effects of alcohol are less pronounced in young experimental animals. The possibilities of extrapolation between experimental animals and man are limited and further studies are needed.

Abnormalities, Drug-Induced↗