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Biomedical subjects

U Ullmann

Publications and source records attributed to U Ullmann.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Influenza subtype-specific immunoglobulin A and G responses after booster versus one double-dose vaccination in hemodialysis patients.

The antibody response in hemodialysis patients was studied after one double dose of influenza vaccine versus one conventional dose plus a booster dose five weeks later. The influenza virus subtype specific IgA and IgG responses were recorded by means of an indirect immunofluorescence assay over a period of 20 weeks. Higher antibody titers, higher response rates and a higher rate of development of protective titers after the single double-dose vaccine indicated it was superior to the single dose/booster dose regimen. It is therefore suggested that hemodialysis patients are immunized with a higher dosage of influenza vaccine to achieve better protection rates.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Influenza subtype-specific IgA, IgM and IgG responses in patients on hemodialysis after influenza vaccination.

The isotype-specific antibody response to influenza vaccination in 36 patients undergoing chronic intermittent hemodialysis was analyzed by an influenza subtype-specific immunofluorescence test. The immune response was recorded at regular intervals over five months. On the basis of fourfold IgG titer rises as the classical parameter protection from infection was assumed to occur in more than 85% of healthy adults to each of the influenza antigens. In contrast, about 70% of the patients on hemodialysis had responded to influenza A H1N1 and H3N2 vaccines while only 50% of the patients on hemodialysis had responded to influenza B antigen. However, patients showed decreased rates and lower peak responses in IgA, IgM and IgG antibodies to influenza A and B antigens. Probably as a result of the underlying renal disease the different kinetics of antibody responses and the lower influenza specific immunoglobulin levels resulted in lower seroconversion rates in hemodialysis patients compared to those in healthy volunteers.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Comparative in vitro activity of fleroxacin (RO 23-6240) against Ureaplasma urealyticum and Mycoplasma hominis.

The susceptibility of 67 isolated Ureaplasma urealyticum, 25 Mycoplasma hominis and five Mycoplasma spp. reference strains to fleroxacin, ofloxacin, josamycin and doxycycline was determined by agar dilution. Josamycin had the best activity against Ureaplasma urealyticum, followed in order by doxycycline, ofloxacin and fleroxacin. All the strains were inhibited by josamycin at 0.4 mg/l, while only 38.8% of the strains were inhibited by doxycycline at this concentration. Mycoplasma hominis strains were more susceptible to doxycycline, ofloxacin and fleroxacin than were Ureaplasma urealyticum strains. Here, doxycycline had the best activity followed by ofloxacin, josamycin and fleroxacin. Notably, three Ureaplasma urealyticum strains and one Mycoplasma hominis strain were not inhibited by 6.4 mg/l doxycycline.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1988

In vitro influence of Mycoplasma species on the stimulation of human polymorphonuclear granulocytes.

The influence of Mycoplasma species (sp.) on the stimulation of human polymorphonuclear neutrophil granulocytes (PMNG) was determined by means of the luminol-dependent chemiluminescence (CL) method. When opsonized Mycoplasma sp. were used the CL response of PMNG was greater than in the presence of nonopsonized strains. Nonopsonized and nonspecifically opsonized Mycoplasma sp. showed a different CL response pattern. The stimulation of PMNG was with M. pneumoniae significantly weaker than with the other Mycoplasma sp. Using isolated M. hominis strains always the same CL-reaction of PMNG was observed. On the other hand, with 12 isolated U. urealyticum strains different results were obtained; 9 strains isolated from the upper urogenital tract lead to a slight PMNG stimulation comparable to that of M. pneumoniae. No correlation was found between CL response and bacterial killing. The weak stimulation of PMNG by M. pneumoniae and most of the U. urealyticum isolates suggest that this behaviour could be a factor of pathogenicity.

Humans↗
PubMed1988

[Antimicrobial effectiveness of azlocillin in cholesteatoma in parenteral administration].

Azlocillin has a broad spectrum particularly against pseudomonas and should therefore be useful for preoperative parenteral treatment of infected cholesteatomas in those cases which cannot be controlled by local therapy. To determine the efficacy in treatment of cholesteatoma the concentration of azlocillin in separate tissue fractions of cholesteatoma matrix, cholesteatoma debris and granulation tissue surrounding cholesteatoma was determined. In 9 cases 2 g azlocillin was injected and in 5 cases 4 g. The concentration drop between the different tissue fractions was equal in all cases. However, as clinical experience has shown, differing high levels of azlocillin were found in comparable tissue fractions of the 14 cholesteatomas. In some of the cases the minimal antibacterial activity was not attained in the cholesteatoma fractions.

Azlocillin↗
PubMed1987

Monospecific antibodies for detection of Clostridium difficile enterotoxin.

Tests of polyclonal antisera to homogeneous enterotoxin preparations of Clostridium difficile by immunoblotting demonstrated that cross-reactions occurred with proteins from cell lysates of nearly all Clostridium species. There was a notable reduction in the amount of crossreaction when only culture supernatants were analysed. The enterotoxin could be easily identified by its unique high molecular weight of 230,000. The findings suggest that care must be taken when immunological tests other than immunoblotting are used for detection of Clostridium difficile enterotoxin.

Antibodies, Bacterial↗
PubMed1987

The reaction of Campylobacter species on the chemiluminescence, chemotaxis and hemagglutination.

The influence of Campylobacter species (sp.) on the luminol-dependent chemiluminescence (CL) during phagocytosis, the chemotaxis and the agglutination of different erythrocyte species was investigated. CL was measured directly with undiluted whole blood samples and isolated polymorphonuclear neutrophil granulocytes (PMNG). The chemotactic response of PMNG to various Campylobacter sp. was performed using an agarose technique. All the Campylobacter sp. investigated showed a different CL response pattern. When opsonized Campylobacter strains were used, the CL response of PMNG was greater than in the presence of nonopsonized strains. No correlation was found between CL response and bacterial killing. For the investigation of the chemotaxis the filtered supernatants of Campylobacter cultures were used as cytotoxins and compared with the chemotactic peptide, formyl-methionyl-leucine-phenylalanine (FMLP). All the supernatants of cultures of Campylobacter sp. were chemotactic for PMNG. A strong mannose-resistant hemagglutination (MRHA) with glycine-hydrochloride extract was observed with C. fetus ssp. fetus and a weak reaction, with C. coli. There was no correlation between chemiluminescence, chemotaxis and hemagglutination. The weak stimulation of PMNG by C. fetus ssp. fetus and most of the C. jejuni/coli isolates suggest that this behavior could be a cause of pathogenicity.

Campylobacter↗
PubMed1987

Identification of anaerobic bacteria using high-performance liquid chromatography.

20 species of the genera Clostridium, Bacteroides, Fusobacterium and the type strains of Peptostreptococcus anaerobius, Peptococcus asaccharolyticus, Veillonella parvula and Propionibacterium acnes were examined for the production of volatile (VFA) and nonvolatile (NVFA) short-chain fatty acids using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with a column for organic acids (Aminex HPX-87H). 10 min are needed for sample preparation and the VFA and NVFA were detected simultaneously in a single chromatographic run. The total time required to run each chromatogram was approximately 60 min. With regard to the production of short-chain fatty acids in culture media it was possible to identify the species of the genera rapidly and clearly. The results illustrate the role of HPLC in determinating short-chain fatty acid products as an additional means for rapid differentiation between closely related anaerobic bacterial species. The aim of the method developed is to establish a complete automatization for the identification of anaerobic bacteria using an automatic sampling system and a microprocessor-controlled chromatography unit.

Bacteria, Anaerobic↗
PubMed1987

[Isolation of Mycoplasma and Chlamydia in patients with urogenital infections].

Vaginal/cervical swabs, catheter urine and/or puncture of the bladder (p.b.) from 880 females with urogenital diseases were examined microbiologically. Mycoplasmas (Ureaplasma urealyticum, Mycoplasma hominis) could be isolated from 321 females (36.5%), and Chlamydia trachomatis from 42 (4.8%). Mycoplasmas and C. trachomatis were more frequent in the age between 21 and 30 years (53 and 11.8% respectively). In 32.8% of the entire collective mycoplasmas could be detected in vaginal swabs. In contrast only 23.2% of the patients from whom catheter urine or p.b. was collected showed mycoplasmas. Of 880 females 117 (13.3%) had mycoplasmas in vaginal smear material, and 172 (19.5%) showed mycoplasmas in the vaginal swab as well as in catheter urine or p.b. From 32 (3.6%) females mycoplasmas could be detected only in catheter urine or p.b. Of 410 males mycoplasmas were isolated from urethral, catheter urine/p.b. and/or from ejaculate in 26.3%. Most frequently, positive carriers were in the age between 31 and 40 years (38.1%). C. trachomatis was found in 22 patients (5.4%). The frequency of mycoplasmas in urethral smear was 24.9%, in catheter urine/p.b. 13.6% and in ejaculate 15.6%. In 50 (12.2%) patients mycoplasmas were isolated both from urethral and catheter urine/p.b., in 52 (12.7%) only from urethral smear and in 6 (1.4%) only from catheter urine/p.b. Two species of mycoplasmas could be detected in this non-quantitative study: U. urealyticum which was isolated more frequently, and M. hominis.

Bacteriological Techniques↗
PubMed1986

Single and multiple dose pharmacokinetics of ciprofloxacin.

Penetration of ciprofloxacin into nasal secretion was studied in 20 healty volunteers to whom 500 mg oral ciprofloxacin was administered twice daily for eight days. Nasal secretion and blood samples were collected following the 1st and 15th dose and samples assayed microbiologically. Absolute concentrations of ciprofloxacin in serum and nasal secretion as well as kinetic parameters indicate that repeated administration did not result in significantly increased serum or nasal secretions levels although there was a tendency towards slight drug accumulation. The rate of penetration of ciprofloxacin into nasal secretion was 73% following the first oral dose and 90% following the 15th oral dose.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1986

Comparative investigations of Klebsiella species of clinical origin: plasmid patterns, biochemical reactions, antibiotic resistances and serotypes.

A total of 124 K. pneumoniae and 52 K. oxytoca isolates obtained from clinical specimens was investigated for plasmid patterns, biochemical reactions, antibiotic resistances and serotypes regarding to the distribution and relationships of these characters. A great diversity of plasmid patterns, bio/serotypes and resistance patterns was revealed. About 90% of strains contained plasmid DNA and up to seven plasmid bands per isolate could be shown. For K. pneumoniae, serotype 7 and for K. oxytoca, type 55 were most common. In general, little difference between both species was found and characters were similarly distributed. With respect to the site of isolation, serotype 7 was predominating in K. pneumoniae strains from the respiratory tract. Highly multiple-resistant organism were found in the largest number in specimens from the urogenital tract, in the lowest in specimens from wounds. Extensive statistical analyses did not detect any relationship among the characters investigated.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1986

Detection of Clostridium difficile Toxin A by immunoblotting.

A clinical isolate of Clostridium difficile has been tested for its toxin production. Both toxins, toxin A and toxin B, could be detected by tissue culture and in animal models as well. Antibodies against a crude toxin A preparation have been prepared. These antibodies are able to neutralize the toxin both in the mouse lethality test and tissue culture test systems. The specificity of this antiserum has been analysed by electroimmunoprecipitation methods. Using immunoblotting, it could be demonstrated that the antigenicity of toxin A after SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under denaturing and reducing conditions was still preserved. The molecular weight of toxin A has been estimated to be 250000. Immunoblotting offers a simple and reliable procedure for toxin A detection from culture supernatants of C. difficile.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Lymphocyte response to Klebsiella in ankylosing spondylitis.

The lymphocyte response of mononuclear cells (MNC) to Klebsiella (Klebs) was studied in ankylosing spondylitis (ASP) and, for comparison, in patients convalescing from Klebs infection and in HLA-B27+ and B27- healthy blood donors. When large doses of various Klebs cell envelope structures were used, MNC from all healthy blood donors were stimulated to produce LIF but not to synthesize significant amounts of DNA. In contrast, MNC from convalescent patients showed LIF synthesis (but no significant proliferation) even when small doses of the Klebs biostructures were used. This heightened LIF response to Klebs was long-standing and could be demonstrated even after serum antibodies had vanished. Very similarly, MNC from ASP patients did not proliferate significantly, but could be activated to produce LIF even with small doses of Klebs. The heightened LIF response to Klebs in ASP appeared to be correlated with the clinical activity and/or duration of the disease. In contrast, there was no correlation between the presence of HLA-B27 in ASP patients or healthy controls and the LIF or proliferative response to Klebs.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Influence of various antimicrobial agents on the chemiluminescence of phagocytosing human granulocytes.

In a standardized experimental model 51 antimicrobial agents were coincubated with polymorphonuclear granulocytes (PNG) of healthy human donors and then screened for a modulation of chemiluminescence (CL) reaction during zymosan phagocytosis. Initial studies with low, therapeutic and high, nontherapeutic concentrations showed CL suppression by amoxicillin, tetracycline, doxycycline, trimethoprim, sulfamethoxazol, clindamycin, fusidic acid, rifampicin, isoniazid and amphotericin B, yet stimulation of CL reaction by ceftriaxone, enoxacin, and norfloxacin. Dose-effect relationships for most of these substances showed a sigmoid-like graph with little influence upon most of the therapeutic range, but markedly increasing suppression (or stimulation) from a certain 'threshold' concentration. For certain substances this curve might indicate a narrowed therapeutic range of antimicrobial chemotherapy due to impairment of phagocytic functions.

Anti-Infective Agents↗
PubMed1986

[Bacterial infection agents in hospitalized patients].

During six months the pattern of microbial isolates has been analysed from 1492 urinary tract infections, from 1445 wound infections, from 451 bronchial secretions, from 3067 blood cultures, from 116 peritoneal swabs and from 39 cerebrospinal fluids. All the specimens investigated were taken from patients of surgical, neurosurgical, internal wards and two intensive care units. In total, the most frequent isolates were grampositive microorganisms like Staphylococus aureus, Straphylococcus epidermidis and Streptococcus sp. of different serotypes. Out of the Enterobacteriaceae Escherichia coli and Klebisella pneumoniae predominated followed by Enterobacter cloacae and indolnegative and -positive Proteus species. The over all isolation rate of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in nosocomial infections was about 10%. In the last time Pseudomonas maltophilia will be isolated more frequently as well as occasional Streptococcus faecium and Corynebacterium JK. Dependent from the site of infection anaerobic bacteria like Bacteroides sp., Peptococcus- and Peptostreptococcus sp. are really important in the infectious diseases. The epidemiological data should be always transmitted to the infection control board. From there preventive measures must be induced.

Bacteria↗