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Biomedical subjects

V A Pavlov

Publications and source records attributed to V A Pavlov.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Controlling inflammation: the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway.

Innate immune responses and inflammation are regulated in part by neural mechanisms. In the present paper, we summarize experimental evidence that reveals that innate immunity and inflammation are controlled by the vagus nerve, previously known as a regulator of other vital physiological functions. Activation of vagus nerve cholinergic signalling inhibits TNF (tumour necrosis factor) and other pro-inflammatory cytokine overproduction through 'immune' alpha7 nicotinic receptor-mediated mechanisms. This efferent vagus nerve-based 'cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway' has been elucidated as a critical regulator of inflammation in several experimental models of diseases. Our recent observations have shown that activation of central (brain) cholinergic transmission by selective muscarinic receptor ligands results in lower systemic TNF levels in rodents and indicate that the efferent vagus nerve may provide a functional brain-to-immune connection. Thus central cholinergic signalling is implicated in the activation of the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway. Electrical vagus nerve stimulation is clinically approved for the treatment of epilepsy and depression and current knowledge suggests that it could be utilized to control inflammation. Advances in understanding the receptor and molecular mechanisms of cholinergic anti-inflammatory signalling indicate that selective alpha7 nicotinic receptor agonists and centrally acting cholinergic enhancers can be used in the treatment of pathological conditions characterized by cytokine overproduction.

Brain↗
PubMed2004

Neural regulators of innate immune responses and inflammation.

The nervous system regulates immune function and inflammation. Experimental evidence shows an important role of the autonomic nervous system in the bidirectional communication between the brain and the immune system, underlying the ability of the brain to monitor immune status and control inflammation. Here we review the involvement of the autonomic nervous system in regulating inflammation, with a focus on the vagus nerve. The clinical implications of the recently discovered anti-inflammatory role of the efferent vagus nerve are also discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

[Pathogenetic mechanisms of action of tarry substances and Mycobacterium tuberculosis in guinea pigs and rats].

Harmful environmental agents [polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH)] have been ascertained to greatly stimulate the biosynthesis of arginine and urea and reduce the amount of sulfur-containing metabolites in the liver of experimental animals by increasing the level of sulfur sulfate. Against this background, contamination with Mycobacteria tuberculosis (MBT) inhibits the activity of arginine and drastically decreases its amount by elevating the concentration of sulfur-containing metabolites. The supplementary administration of sodium glutamate to animals receiving PAH and MBT potentiates a decrease in nitrogen-rich metabolites and increases the level of sulfur-containing metabolites guinea pigs, tuberculosis resistance being on the rise. Under the influence of a combined action of PAH and MBT, the mutagenic effect of the former lowered in rats.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

The synthesis and in vitro cytotoxic studies of novel bis-naphthalimidopropyl polyamine derivatives.

Bis-naphthalimidopropyl putrescine (BNIPPut), spermidine (BNIPSpd), spermine (BNIPSpm) and oxa-putrescine (BNIPOPut) were synthesised and their growth-inhibitory properties characterised. All these compounds except for BNIPOPut, showed high in vitro cytotoxic activity (with mean GI50 values between 0.5 and 8.45 microM) and selectivity against cancer cells derived from nine different human tumours. The increased content of nitrogen atoms in the linker chain of BNIPSpd and BNIPSpm significantly improved their aqueous dissolution properties with a marginal decrease in their cytotoxic activity.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed1999

[Neuroprotective effect of kapakh, representative of new nootropic class non-anticholinesterase organophosphoric compounds].

In vivo and in vitro experiments revealed the neuroprotective activity of CAPAH, a representative of the new nootropic class phosphorylated carboxylic acid hydrazides. The mechanisms of this action, which were due to the membranous stabilizing activity of the drug and its affinity for glycine strychnine-sensitive sites of MMDA receptors (Ki = 8.8.10(-5) M). Six analogues of CAPAH have been also found to have affinity for these types of receptors; based on the examination of structure-affinity relationship, putative pharmacophores (only radicals of the benzene ring of a molecule in the para position exerted effects on affinity changes) were revealed. The findings give a deep insight into the mechanism of nootropic activity and open vistas for synthesizing phosphorylated carboxylic acid hydrazides as potential neuroprotective agents interacting with glycine strychnine-sensitive sites of MMDA receptor.

Acetates↗
PubMed1998

[Influence of mycobacterium on adaptive rearrangement in guinea pigs long exposed to polycystic aromatic hydrocarbon-containing agents].

Experiments on different groups of guinea pigs inoculated with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MBT) and intact guinea pigs who received coal refining products and control ones indicated that long exposure to coal-tar resin enhanced mobilization of methionine from the liver with its accumulation in the lung and hematopoietic organs, increased the biosynthesis of arginine in the liver and its accumulation in the lung and hematopoietic organs. MBT drastically enhanced the exchange of the metabolites accumulated in the organs and prevented the formation of adaptive reactions to long-term exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons at the level of membranous metabolism.

Adaptation, Biological↗
PubMed1998

[Different sensitivity biochemical mechanisms to mycobacterium tuberculosis of guinea pigs and rats].

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MT) (H37Rv strain, 0.1 mg) was subcutaneously administered to guinea-pigs and rats and 6 weeks later the content of free amino acids and oxidized and reduced glutahione were measured in the liver. The guinea-pigs were found to have higher levels of phosphoethanolamine (PEA), ethanolamine (EA), serine, and phenylalanine and lower concentrations of tyrosine. These changes are regarded as a sign of damaged cell membranes and impaired redox processes in the development of experimental tuberculosis (ET) in guinea-pigs. The compensatory adaptation in ET was increased levels of reduced glutathione and taurine. In intact rats, the hepatic level of taurine was 5 times higher and that of oxidized and reduced glutathione was twice less than in guinea-pigs. Rats did not develop ET, in them the level of taurine increased by twice more, that of PEA, EA, serine drastically dropped. Species-specific differences in the MT sensitivity of guinea-pigs and rats seem to be due to the differences in the levels of taurine.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1998

[Effects of coal tar on hematological parameters in experimental tuberculosis].

Guinea pigs were injected with coal tar (CT) (intratracheally, 25 mg per animal once a week or a month for 2 or 8 months, respectively), then they were infected with MBT (H37Rv, 0.1 mg, subcutaneously). There were changes in hematological responses to MBT changes (in the context of the cell composition of bone marrow and peripheral blood), their pattern was associated with the mode of exposure to CT preceding MBT inoculation. The greatest differences were found in the responses of bone marrow lymphopoiesis and peripheral lymphocytes upon both exposures to CT. On greater exposure to CT (once a week) the changes in the blood system indicated that CT had an adverse effect on the course of experimental tuberculosis, while on lesser exposure (once a month), the effect of CT was more favourable.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

[Impact of mycobacteria on nonspecific protective mechanisms associated with exchange of organic sulphur and nitrogen].

Guinea-pig experiments indicated that Mycobacteria tuberculosis (MBT) were actively involved in detoxification of the xenobiotics polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and substantially altered the nonspecific protective mechanisms associated with activation of the body's antioxidative resources. MBT in the lung and liver tissues of animals long preexposed to PAH elevated the concentrations of sulphur-containing amino acids and glutathione with consumption of abundant nitrogen-rich adaptogenic antioxidants (arginine, urea) accumulated under the action of PAH. At the same time there is a upward trend for the body's antioxidative potentials both in a group infected with MBT and in group receiving PAH. Supplementing sodium glutamate potentiated the revealed adaptive rearrangements.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

[Role of glutathione containing amino acids in the correction of body's dysadaptation states].

Based on his own experimental findings and data available in the literature, the author provides evidence for the expediency of using glutamate alone and in combination with glycine and methionine to correct abnormalities accompanied by hypoxia and imbalance between the rate of free radical oxidation and the degree of antioxidative defense. Pathogenetic therapy with the adaptogens amino acids in combination with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons is considered.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1995

[State of immunobiological reactivity of experimental animals to tuberculosis and exposure to coal tar].

Among most common environmental factors microflora and xenobiotics are capable of changing immunological resistance of human and animal body. Combined action of these factors on the animals has never been studied. Guinea pig experiments showed that M. tuberculosis can significantly change immunogram of the animals exposed for a long time to coal tar. On the one hand, the effect may be negative, but on the other, in certain conditions coal tar enhanced guinea pig's resistance to M. tuberculosis.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

[Morphological features of tissue reactions in combined treatment of experimental tuberculosis induced by xenobiotics].

The trend to aggravated running and contribution of air pollution of large industrial centers with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) to tuberculosis onset and progress dictate the necessity of the search for new treatment methods. The authors made an attempt to treat experimental tuberculosis with sodium glutamate and isoniazide under chronic exposure to PAH dust. Sodium glutamate especially in combination with isoniazide produces a good effect enhancing granulomatous reactions fibroplastic processes in the foci of specific inflammation. Sodium glutamate is thought an effective pathogenetic treatment of tuberculosis.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

[Tuberculous meningitis in children].

Tuberculous meningitis in children is a rare disease and develops in the absence of the current complex of measures aimed at tuberculosis prophylaxis. In 62.7% of children the disease had a gradual course beginning with a prodromal period with infectious-toxic symptoms being predominant over meningeal and encephalitic ones. Basal localization of the process with cranial nerves involvement was diagnosed in 59% of patients. In 31.8% of children the disease took the course of diffuse meningoencephalitis, 9% has signs of leptomeningitis combined with thromboarteritis of the middle cerebral artery. In 63% of patients the course of meningitis proceeded as a progressive undetected and untreated tuberculosis. Five years later 18% of children died and 9% had nervous system affection.

Antitubercular Agents↗
PubMed1991

[The results of a mass psychoprophylactic examination using computers in a military unit].

84 patients who were wounded in Armenian earthquake (1988) have been examined. It was marked that all the purulent wounds of soft tissues of the extremities had been infected by bacterial associations. The most of them were resistant to penicillinum, tetracyclinum, laevomycetinum, kanamycinum, kefzol, keflin, and highly sensible to mezlocilinum, cyprofloksacinum, cefaperazonum and ceftazidimium. The article formulates the organization and methodical principles, determines a diagnostic algorithm for clinico-microbiological examination of patients with purulent wounds.

Electronic Data Processing↗