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Biomedical subjects

V B Noskov

Publications and source records attributed to V B Noskov.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

[Metabolic investigations in the 438-day space flight].

In the vast program of medical investigations fulfilled by the cosmonaut-physician in the nearly 15-mo orbital flight a large share related to metabolism. These comprehensive studies could not have been made earlier as they required appropriate medical qualification of investigator. The article highlights the scientific-methodical aspects of the program and biochemical, hematological and immunological data obtained by the cosmonaut-physician from the MIR crews. Results of these metabolic studies laid grounds for a system of laboratory diagnostic evaluation of crew health during long-term space flight.

Biomarkers↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Impedancimetry of the hydration status and body composition of head-down tilted males].

Studies of the hydration status and body composition of 6 normal males was performed before and after 7-d head-down tilt (-8 degrees) with the use of a portable impedance-measuring device. Fluid sectors in the organism tended to proportionally reduce. By the end of the experiment, the total body fluid was found reduced by 6.4 = 0.9%; the intracellular and extracellular volumes fluids were reduced by 6.4 +/- 0.9% and 6.5 +/- 0.9 %, respectively. Body mass changed but little, and not to the same extent in each subject. Lean body mass measured with the device showed a small reduction (2.0 +/- 0.6 %), whereas the fatty body mass grew in all subjects by 14.0 +/- 3.1% on the average. These results lead to the conclusion that during the 7d head-down tilt the hydration status of the human body grew low concurrent with loss in muscular mass and increase in the body fatty mass.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Status of water-electrolyte homeostasis and the systems of hormonal regulation during 237-day space flight].

On mission days 216-219 two crewmembers collected urine and recorded their food and water consumption during three days on end. The cosmonaut-physician withdrew blood samples from the vein and finger. In addition, he made venipuncture to himself and drew blood. Urine and blood samples were frozen and returned to the ground for analysis. In spite of individual variations of each cosmonaut, they all showed a trend for water and sodium retention which was provided by adequate hormonal rearrangement, i. e. increased production of ADH and aldosterone. No disorders in calcium and phosphorus metabolism were seen. Immediately postflight the cosmonauts displayed typical changes in fluid-electrolyte balance and renal function that suggested body dehydration and adjustment to Earth's gravity.

11-Hydroxycorticosteroids↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Hormonal regulation of calcium metabolism after space flights of different duration].

This paper presents the results of examinations of 19 cosmonauts, 12 of whom made 7-day flights and 7 took part in space flights of 150, 211 or 237 days. In plasma, parathyrin, calcitonin and gastrin concentrations were measured. A complex mosaic of hormonal regulation of bone metabolism reflects multifactorial and flexible patterns of calcium homeostasis, with individual variations included. It is probable that the specific weight of different components of the system maintaining calcium homeostasis varies depending on the exposure time and activity of related regulatory systems.

Aerospace Medicine↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Body position of the human during hypokinesia and water-salt metabolism].

Two groups of 5 healthy volunteers each were exposed for 7 days to: 1) group 1 to horizontal bed rest and 2) group 2 to head-down tilt at -6 degrees. The purpose of the study was to determine the effect of body position on fluid-electrolyte metabolism and renal function. During the control period (14 days), bed rest and the recovery period the consumption of fluids and mineral substances and their renal excretion were measured. The typical changes in fluid-electrolyte metabolism during head-down tilt developed faster than during horizontal bed rest. The fluid-electrolyte balance became negative in the course of the exposure and returned to normal during the recovery period. The group 2 subjects showed greater body weight losses due to both fluid and muscle mass losses.

Bed Rest↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[State of the pituitary-adrenal system of cosmonauts after orbital flights of different duration].

In order to assess the hypophyseal-adrenal system and glucocorticoid activity, excretion of total 17-hydroxycorticosteroids (17-HOCS) was measured before and at R + 1 day after a standard water load (20 ml/kg). Twenty-six cosmonauts were examined after flights of 2--140 days. Although the cosmonauts spent different time in weightlessness, the content and rate of glucocorticoid excretion in the urine during postflight water loads was 1.5--2 times higher than during preflight loads. This increased excretion of 17-HOCS was associated with their decreased reabsorption and/or increased glomerular secretion. The latter may be a manifestation of extrarenal action of ACTH due to its hyperproduction immediately postflight.

17-Hydroxycorticosteroids↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Effect of dexamethasone on water-salt metabolism and renal function in healthy humans].

Dexamethazone at a single dose of 2 mg caused in the next 24 hours retention in the organism of a healthy man of a liquid and salts against the background of an abrupt fall of excretion by the kidneys of 17-oxycorticosteroids. Most distinctly this effect manifested itself after an aqueous test (20 ml/kg). A functional test with dexamethazone may be used clinically in assessing the condition of the hormonal link of the water-electrolyte metabolism regulation and renal function.

17-Hydroxycorticosteroids↗