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V Bruce

Publications and source records attributed to V Bruce.

59 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Identity priming in the recognition of familiar faces.

Morton (1969) proposed that word recognition is mediated by logogens--threshold devices whose thresholds would be lowered after 'firing' and only slowly return to near their original levels. Extension and revision of the original logogen model has occurred in response to results obtained in experiments which examine the effect of previous exposure to an item on later recognition thresholds. On the basis of results obtained in such identity priming studies, Warren & Morton (1982) argued that picture recognition might be mediated by pictogens--threshold devices which respond when any picture of an object is seen. Warren & Morton found that recognition of a pictured object was facilitated by earlier exposure to the same or a different picture of the object, but was not facilitated by earlier exposure to the object's name. Recently, several authors have suggested that face recognition might be mediated by units somewhat analogous to logogens or pictogens. In order to explore this analogy, Warren & Morton's procedure of identity priming in picture recognition was adopted to examine identity priming in the recognition of famous faces. When the recognition test involved naming a celebrity's face, identity priming was obtained from prior exposure to the celebrity's name, a different picture or the same picture as that used in the test. If the procedure was modified so that subsequent recognition did not require retrieval of the name, a pattern consistent with the word and picture recognition literature was found. Prior exposure to either a different or the same picture produced a priming effect but prior exposure to the celebrity's name did not. These results are generally consistent with the hypothesis of face recognition units. Differences between face recognition units and pictogens are also discussed.

Discrimination Learning↗
PubMed1984

Energy expenditure in primary malnutrition during standardized exercise.

When eight malnourished females without organic disease, were subjected to a controlled treadmill exercise test, they expended less total energy than females of normal body weight. The malnourished subjects consumed less oxygen than the control subjects, but oxygen consumption increased with increasing work load. The resting energy expenditure of the malnourished subjects was less than predicted values, but body composition as determined by muscle mass, total body water and thyroxine levels were within normal limits. Although decreased energy expenditure associated with malnutrition, has been attributed to decreased oxygen transport and altered hemoglobin, the malnourished subjects in this study did not have reduced hemoglobin levels. Metabolic adaptation may have occurred in order to improve the efficiency of aerobic metabolism. In order to confirm this theory, energy expenditure should be assessed under conditions of maximal oxygen intake.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Recognizing faces.

Face recognition is an area where research has increased considerably in recent years, yet theoretical progress has been slow. Here it is argued that by considering the perception and recognition of familiar faces, as well as episodic memory for unfamiliar faces, a functional framework for face recognition can be developed. Experiments using faces, that include tasks analogous to 'visual search' and 'lexical decision' are described, and the processes in operation are compared with those occurring in word recognition. The results allow us to distinguish a number of possible subcomponents for a functional model of face recognition.

Decision Making↗
PubMed1982

Changing faces: visual and non-visual coding processes in face recognition.

Two experiments examined the effect of recognition accuracy and latency of changing the view of faces between presentation and test. In Expt 1, all the faces were unfamiliar to the subjects. Faces at test were either unchanged, or changed in angle (e.g. full face to 3/4), expression (e.g. smiling to unsmiling) or both. Unchanged faces were recognized more quickly and accurately than faces with a change in angle or expression which were in turn better than faces with both changed. In Expt 2, half the faces were highly familiar to the subjects, and at test unfamiliar and familiar faces were either unchanged or changed in both angle and expression. Unfamiliar faces were recognized more slowly and less accurately if changed at test, while familiar faces were recognized more slowly though no less accurately if change (though performance was effectively at ceiling). Familiar faces were recognized more quickly and accurately than unfamiliar, though false positive rates and rejection latencies were similar for familiars and unfamiliars. The results are discussed in terms of the combination of information from "pictorial', "structural', and "semantic' and "name' codes.

Discrimination Learning↗