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Biomedical subjects

V Chandra

Publications and source records attributed to V Chandra.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Clinical risk factors for Alzheimer's disease: a population-based case-control study.

Using information on clinical risk factors provided through the medical record linkage system of the Rochester Epidemiology Project, we conducted a population-based case-control study of Alzheimer's disease (AD). During the period 1960 to 1974, we identified 415 newly diagnosed cases of AD among residents of Rochester, Minnesota, and matched one community control to each case based on age, sex, and duration of community medical record. We estimated odds ratios using conditional logistic regression for several potential clinical risk factors of AD. Among more than 20 clinical risk factors that were evaluated, the only statistically significant findings were for episodic depression, personality disorder, and hypertension.

Alzheimer Disease↗
PubMed1990

Pilot study of the prevalence of major neurologic disorders in a rural population of India.

A study of the prevalence of major neurologic diseases will be carried out in a rural population near Ballabgarh. India, using the World Health Organization protocol for epidemiologic studies of neurologic disorders and other internationally standardized survey techniques, screening procedures, and diagnostic criteria. Before applying any protocol developed in one population to another population, it must be intensively tested. Here, we describe the adaptation of the WHO protocol to the local conditions in rural Ballabgarh, and the findings of the pilot study conducted to test the protocol.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Ciprofloxacin versus amoxycillin/clavulanic acid in the treatment of urinary tract infections in general practice.

An open, randomized general practice study was performed to assess the comparative efficacy and tolerability of ciprofloxacin and amoxycillin/clavulanic acid in the treatment of uncomplicated urinary tract infection. One hundred and eighty nine patients were recruited into the study. In comparison of pre- and post-treatment urine cultures and symptomatology, ciprofloxacin was significantly more effective (P less than 0.01) than amoxycillin/clavulanic acid. Both drugs were well tolerated with minimal adverse side effects. Ciprofloxacin is an effective and safe treatment for uncomplicated urinary tract infection in general practice.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1989

Conditions associated at death with specific types of completed stroke in patients with and without hypertension: a case-control study.

Potential risk factors for various types of stroke were studied using a case-control study design. All 1978 US death certificates for which the registered underlying cause of death was subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), cerebral hemorrhage (CH), or cerebral infarction (CI) were identified. The frequency with which other conditions appeared on the death certificates of cases with and without hypertension was compared with controls. These data provide new information, such as the occurrence of peripheral vascular disease in association with SAH, the risk of CH in epileptic and cirrhotic patients, and the association of benign neoplasms of the nervous system, motor neuron disease, and 'paralysis agitans' with CI.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

Inheritance of Alzheimer's disease: epidemiologic evidence.

The available evidence suggests that there may be two subtypes of AD-- inherited and noninherited. Inherited AD may have certain characteristics, e.g. younger age at onset and some clinical signs or symptoms, which distinguish them from noninherited cases. It is possible that the noninherited type of AD may also have a similar genetic defect as the inherited kind, the only difference being that in one case the defect is inherited from the parents and in the other the defect arises de novo during embryogenesis. An environmental factor operating during embryogenesis may be responsible for causing a genetic defect which later manifests as noninherited AD. Currently, however, there is no precise way to separate these two subtypes. The exact proportion of all cases of AD which are inherited on a genetic basis is not known, but it must be small. The mode of inheritance of genetic AD is not known. It must be emphasized that the subtypes of inherited and noninherited AD are not synonymous with the older categorization of AD into presenile and senile AD.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

Patterns of mortality from hereditary ataxias in the United States, 1971 and 1973-1978.

Mortality rates for deaths 'due to' and 'with' hereditary ataxias are presented for the first time. Age-adjusted mortality rates were higher for whites than for nonwhites of either sex, and for men in both racial groups. Age-specific mortality rates for whites showed a peak for 'hereditary spinal ataxia' in the 20-29 age group. For the other types of ataxias they were low until age 40 and increased thereafter. Heart diseases were a frequent cause of death in people dying 'with' hereditary ataxias. The median survival (from birth) for hereditary spinal ataxia in whites was 35 years.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Head trauma with loss of consciousness as a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease.

We identified all incident cases of clinically diagnosed Alzheimer's disease among the population of Rochester, MN, with onset from 1965 through 1974. A control (selected from the same community) was matched to each case by age, race, sex, and length of stay in Rochester. We studied 274 case-control pairs. Using the records linkage system available for residents of this community, we abstracted information on the occurrence of head trauma with loss of consciousness (LOC) from the medical records of both cases and controls. There were 5 pairs in which the case suffered an episode of head trauma with LOC but the control did not, and 4 pairs in which the control suffered an episode of head trauma with LOC but the case did not. We failed to detect a statistically significant difference between the 2 groups. This study overcomes many problems encountered in previous case-control studies reporting this association. The sample size was large; severity of head injury was documented in high-quality medical records; data about head injury were recorded before the onset of dementia: equal quality of data were available for cases and controls; and, since the study was population-based, there was no selection bias for cases or controls.

Alzheimer Disease↗
PubMed1988

Case-control study of associated conditions at the time of death in patients with epilepsy.

Analysis of mortality data based on underlying cause of death in epileptic patients is of limited value in view of the low case-fatality ratio of epilepsy. Recently the National Center for Health Statistics has made available all conditions mentioned on each death certificate for the entire US population. Using a case-control study design, we have analyzed all the associated conditions at the time of death in patients with epilepsy for the year 1978. Association between epilepsy and the following conditions reached statistical significance: mental retardation, cerebral palsy, cerebrovascular disease, myocardial ischemia, dementia, foreign body in pharynx and larynx, pneumonia, alcoholism and cirrhosis of liver. Early recognition and proper management of some of these factors could significantly reduce the mortality and morbidity in epileptic patients.

Death Certificates↗
PubMed1988

Trends in incidence of dementing illness in Rochester, Minnesota, in three quinquennial periods, 1960-1974.

We ascertained the incidence of dementias of all causes between 1960 and 1975 among citizens of Rochester, Minnesota. Study of all medical records yielded incidence rates for the quinquennial periods of 1960-1964, 1965-1969, and 1970-1974. In the population at risk (30 years or older), the age-adjusted rates (per 100,000 population/year) for Alzheimer's disease (clinically diagnosed or pathologically confirmed, or both) in the three periods were: 104.9, 80.8, and 96.6. The rates for dementia of all causes were: 160.6, 122.0, and 136.8. Calculation of 95% confidence intervals showed that the incidence rate for dementia or Alzheimer's disease has not changed in this 15-year period in Rochester, Minnesota. Assuming no demented patients younger than 29 years, the incidence rates in the three quinquennial periods for all dements were 79.4, 60.3, and 67.7; for Alzheimer's disease they were 51.9, 40.0, and 47.8.

Alzheimer Disease↗
PubMed1987

Case-control study of late onset "probable Alzheimer's disease".

A case-control study was conducted on 64 cases of "probable Alzheimer's disease" with late onset of illness (after age 70 years) and 64 controls matched by age (+/- 3 years), race, and sex. Information was obtained on birth order, lifetime medical and surgical history, personal characteristics, exposure to toxins and animals, and a family history of various illnesses. None of the variables studied, including family history of dementia, reached statistical significance. An antecedent history of head trauma with loss of consciousness, though not statistically significant, was more frequently found in cases than in controls.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

Motor neuron disease in the United States, 1971 and 1973-1978: patterns of mortality and associated conditions at the time of death.

Mortality rates for deaths "due to" and "with" motor neuron disease are presented for the first time. Age-specific mortality rates increase with age until 70 to 74 years and then decline. There appear to be no major differences by race in the age-adjusted mortality rates, but these rates are higher for males both white and nonwhite. A case-control study of all deaths with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) was conducted for deaths due to ALS in the year 1971. Conditions associated with ALS at the time of death include pneumonia and bronchopneumonia, symptoms referable to respiratory system, superficial injury to shoulder and upper arm, essential benign hypertension, chronic skin ulcer, and malnutrition. No association was found between ALS and malignancies, Parkinson's disease, or dementia.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Low CSF protein concentration in idiopathic pseudotumor cerebri.

An inverse relationship between the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) opening pressure and the corresponding protein value was found for patients with idiopathic pseudotumor cerebri who underwent their first lumbar puncture (LP) prior to the initiation of therapy. This relationship provides evidence for a pressure-dependent bulk flow absorption for CSF and also suggests that patients with high CSF pressures will have low CSF protein concentration.

Cerebrospinal Fluid Proteins↗
PubMed1986

Patterns of mortality from types of dementia in the United States, 1971 and 1973-1978.

In the first analysis of US mortality data for different types of dementia, we searched all death certificates for the years 1971 and 1973 through 1978 for the diagnosis of senile and presenile dementia and for senility. The age-adjusted mortality rates for both types of dementia were higher for deaths with these conditions than due to them. Other diseases were listed as the underlying cause of death in most patients who died with dementia. Mortality rates were generally higher in men for both types of dementia; higher for whites for senile and presenile dementia, but higher for nonwhites for senility. Between 1971 and 1978, there was an increase in the age-adjusted mortality rates for senile and presenile dementia and a decline for senility. Age-specific mortality rates for both types of dementia increased exponentially with age, with no evidence of bimodality.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Conditions associated with Alzheimer's disease at death: case-control study.

To determine which conditions may be associated with reduced survival in patients with Alzheimer's disease, we studied all death certificates in the United States for 1978 on which senile and presenile dementia (ICDA 290, N = 7,195) was mentioned. Each case was compared with two control deaths. Differences in the frequency of listing on the death certificates for the following conditions reached statistical significance: infections, trauma, nutritional deficiency, chronic ulcer of skin, foreign body in pharynx, cataract, glaucoma, blindness, deafness, Parkinson's disease, and epilepsy. There seem to be many preventable and treatable disorders in patients with senile and presenile dementia.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

A prevalence survey of 'incapacitating headache' in the People's Republic of China.

Two Chinese populations over age 15 were surveyed as to the point prevalence of "incapacitating" headaches in an urban population of 1,525 persons and a rural one of 1,203. Personal interviews were carried out by a team of instructed interviewers; there was 100% cooperation. In both populations, prevalence in women was twice that in men except in the urban population in the youngest age group. Prevalence in the urban was almost exactly twice that of the rural population, with the highest figure occurring in traders.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Metastatic small cell carcinoma of the lung presenting as pituitary apoplexy and Cushing's syndrome.

We describe a woman with metastatic small cell carcinoma of the lung who presented with pituitary apoplexy and hyperprolactinemia. Within seventeen months she developed florid Cushing's syndrome with anasarca, hyperpigmentation, hypertension with marked hypercortisolemia (not suppressible with 8 mg dexamethasone), elevated serum ACTH, hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis, and multiple hepatic metastases. This picture suggested the presence of ectopic ACTH syndrome. She died 26 months after the episode of pituitary apoplexy. Primary small cell carcinoma of the lung was diagnosed post-mortem. Metastases were present in the left lung, regional lymph nodes, heart, liver, bone marrow, sphenoid bone, anterior pituitary and pituitary capsule. Posterior pituitary was normal. There was no evidence of pituitary hyperplasia, of adenoma or of primary pituitary carcinoma. The results suggest the presence of a primary ACTH-producing small cell carcinoma of the lung that metastasized to the parasellar sphenoid bone and then extended to the anterior pituitary and dura to mimic a primary intrasellar cause of pituitary apoplexy and Cushing's syndrome. The case demonstrates how difficult it may be to diagnose the etiology of Cushing's syndrome and it emphasizes a unique variation in the presentation of small cell carcinoma of the lung.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗