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Biomedical subjects

V Fuchs

Publications and source records attributed to V Fuchs.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

[An efficient example of a Swiss pre-hospital chain of survival: the state of Vaud model].

The state of Vaud model of the pre-hospital chain of survival is an example of an efficient way to deal with pre-hospital emergencies. It revolves around a centrally located dispatch center managing emergencies according to specific key words, allowing dispatchers to send out resources among which we find general practitioners, ambulances, physician staffed fast response cars or physician staffed helicopters and specific equipment. The Vaud pre-hospital chain of survival has been tailored according to geographical, demographical and political necessities. It undergoes constant reassessment and needs continuous adaptations to the ever changing demographics and epidemiology of pre-hospital medicine.

Emergency Medical Services↗
PubMed2002

Discharges in the JET tokamak where the safety factor profile is identified as the critical factor for triggering internal transport barriers.

Joint European Torus discharges which demonstrate the critical role the safety factor profile, q, can play in the formation of internal transport barriers (ITB) are examined. In these discharges, the target parameters, including the E x B flows, were kept virtually the same, except for the q profile. In a discharge with a nonmonotonic q, an ITB was triggered whereas a discharge with monotone q made no such transition. Thus, there is strong evidence that the q profile was the critical factor for the triggering of an ITB. Possible interpretations of this finding are discussed.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2001

[Experiences with the STT (scapho-trapezio-trapezoid) arthrodesis. A retrospective evaluation].

From 1992 until 1998, 98 fusions of the scapho-trapezio-trapezoid joint on 97 patients were performed in our clinic. The indications were dissociation of the scapho-lunate joint (n = 32), necrosis of the lunate stage III/IV (Lichtman classification) (n = 39), and idiopathic arthrosis of the scapho-trapezio-trapezoid joint (n = 27). 87 patients with 88 procedures were reviewed after an average follow-up period of three years. The review included a clinical examination with determination of a traditional wrist-score and a DASH questionnaire, X-rays of the wrist and CT of the carpal bones. The results in the wristscore were on average 74 of maximal 100 points. The DASH-score was on average 29. The best results were in the group with arthrosis of the scapho-trapezio-trapezoid joint. The results in the groups with scapho-lunate dissociation and necrosis of the lunate were also good. The rate of non-union was within an acceptable level with 7.7%. In the examined group, five patients underwent fusion of the wrist for persisting pain after scapho-trapezio-trapezoid arthrodesis. The examination of the radiological investigations in the reviewed group demonstrated, that CT shows arthritic degeneration in patients where the conventional X-ray does not. In conclusion, scapho-trapezio-trapezoid arthrodesis is a valid therapeutic method in the above mentioned indications. However, the question how early arthritic degeneration will affect long-term results remains unanswered for the moment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Background for studies on the treatment of male osteoporosis: state of the art.

Male osteoporosis represents an important, although long underestimated, public health problem. Both in men and in women aging is accompanied by continuous bone loss and by an exponential increase in the incidence of osteoporotic fracture, with a female to male incidence ratio of about 2 to 3 to 1 in the elderly for hip and vertebral fractures. Morbidity after osteoporotic fractures appears to be more serious and mortality more common in men than in women. To date, no single treatment has been proved to be effective and safe in published prospective studies. The present report, based on a systematic search of the literature on male osteoporosis, summarises the state of the art on the clinical consequences of male osteoporosis and its risk factors, in relation to the present state of knowledge about female osteoporosis. This constitutes the background for the design of rational clinical development strategies for therapeutic interventions in male osteoporosis. From this review of the literature it is apparent that notwithstanding the existing sex differences in pathophysiology of osteoporosis and the difference in age-specific incidence of osteoporotic fractures, there are also important similarities between osteoporosis in women and men. The higher incidence of fracture in women than in men results from quantitative differences in risk factors rather than from different risk factors. Even though there are sex differences in bone geometry, incidence of fracture seems to be similar in men and women for a same absolute areal bone mineral density. However, the lack of data on the changes in fracture rates in men resulting from pharmacological intervention, leading to changes in bone mineral density or bone turnover, remains the main limitation for extrapolation of established treatment outcomes from women to men.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1995

Feed contamination with Candida krusei as a probable source of mycotic mastitis in dairy cows.

Over 3 months, yeasts were isolated in pure culture from milk samples obtained from 8 lactating cows with acute mastitis and from 1 cow with subacute mastitis. Eight of the isolates were identified as Candida krusei; 1 isolate was not submitted for identification. The affected cows were assigned to separate milking groups and had not been treated by intramammary administration of antibiotic before the outbreak. Remission of disease without treatment was observed, followed by shedding of the yeast in milk for 2 to 5 weeks. Median somatic cell counts in the affected cows before, during, and 2 months after the onset of clinical signs were 93,000; 1,793,000; and 135,000 cells/ml, respectively. Wheat silage was found to be the probable source of the infecting microorganism, whereas inadequate milking hygiene resulted in its persistence in the herd. Following replacement of the silage and improvement of the milking hygiene, the outbreak ceased. Candida krusei thus may cause mastitis in cattle not only following intramammary antibiotic treatment, but also in conditions of heavy environmental contamination, in conjunction with inadequate milking hygiene.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1992

Inhibition of human leukocyte elastase (HLE) by N-substituted peptidyl trifluoromethyl ketones.

A series of tripeptides possessing trifluoromethyl or aryl ketone residues at P1 were prepared and evaluated both in vitro and in vivo as potential inhibitors of human leukocyte elastase (HLE). Tripeptides containing non naturally occurring N-substituted glycine residues at the P2-position have been demonstrated to be potent in vitro inhibitors of HLE, with IC50 values in the submicromolar range. Sterically demanding substituents on the P2-nitrogen have no detrimental effect on in vitro potency. The inhibition process presumably acts via hemiketal formation with the active site Ser195 of HLE, and is facilitated by the strongly electron withdrawing trifluoromethyl functionality. Deletion of the amino acid at the P3-subsite region affords inactive compounds. Valine is the preferred residue at the P1-position, whereas the corresponding glycine, alanine, alpha,alpha-dimethylglycine, or phenylalanine analogues are all inactive. The compounds described herein all confer a high degree of in vitro specificity when tested against representative cysteine, aspartyl, metallo, and other serine proteases. One of the most potent in vitro inhibitors is (3RS)-N-[4-[[[(4-chlorophenyl)sulfonyl]amino]carbonyl]phenyl] oxomethyl]-L-valyl-N-(2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-yl)glycine N-[3-(1,1,1-trifluoro-4-methyl-2-oxopentyl)]amide (20i; BI-RA-260) (IC50 = 0.084 microM). Compound 20i was also tested in hamsters in an elastase-induced pulmonary hemorrhage (EPH) model. In this model, intratracheal (it.) administration of 20i, 5 min prior to HLE challenge, effectively inhibited hemorrhage in a dose-dependent manner with an ED50 of 4.8 micrograms. The inhibitor 20i, 20 micrograms administered it. 24, 48, and 72 h prior to HLE challenge, exhibits significant inhibition against hemorrhage at all time points (97%, 64% and 49%, respectively). In a 21-day chronic model of emphysema in hamsters, 200 micrograms of HLE administered it. caused an elastase-induced emphysema in the lungs which can be quantitated histologically utilizing image analysis. In this assay, 20i significantly inhibited pulmonary lesions associated with septal destruction and increased alveolar spaces, when dosed at 20 micrograms it. 5 min prior to challenge with HLE.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

[The tolerance and residue accumulation of sodium-2,2-dichloropropionate (Dalapon) administered over 90 days to dairy cows].

The influence of the pesticide Sodium-2,2-dichlorpropionate (Na-DCP; Dalapon) was investigated on dairy cows concerning of its effect on ability and health condition. The investigations were carried out in practice using several parameters (feeding, efficiency, haematological and clinicochemical parameters, tests of the slaughtered organisms including their patho-histological examination). The arising of residues was controlled in milk, organs and tissue as well. The pesticide was daily applied orally with the feedstuff in 3 different dosages (2.5, 10, 30 mg/kg b. w./d). Feedstuff consumption, results of milk production and milk quality were not influenced by Na-DCP. The presented results can not verify with safety the insignificant alterations of some clinicochemical parameters (Creatinine, Bilirubin). Direct after the deposit of Dalapon in all samples of milk, organs and tissue residues of this pesticide could be observed. The maximum tolerable residue levels for animal in the ex-GDR were exceeded under these conditions.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

[Acute phase proteins during labor and surgical stress in women with normal pregnancy and late gestoses].

The authors investigated within the framework of non-specific immunity reactions proteins of the acute phase during spontaneous delivery and Caesarean section up to the 5th day after delivery and on the 1st, 5th and 10th day after delivery in forty women, half of them healthy and half suffering from late gestoses. Half the women had spontaneous deliveries, half had deliveries by Caesarean section. The proteins of the acute phase reacted sensitively to the stress of childbirth during spontaneous delivery and their activation was inhibited by general anaesthesia in deliveries by Caesarean section. After spontaneous delivery the elevated proteins of the acute phase returned to baseline values by the 5th day, after operation their levels rose further up to the 5th day, orosomucoid to the 10th day after operation. In late gestoses with spontaneous delivery or by Caesarean section there were significantly elevated alpha-1-antitrypsin and alpha-2-macroglobulin and orosomucoid levels, whole in patients with late gestoses in the prealbumin levels were reduced. The elevated levels of proteinase inhibitors in late gestoses support the view on a possibly impaired coagulation equilibrium in late gestoses, and the high ceruloplasmin levels suggest an enhanced catecholamine breakdown during the stress alarm reaction.

Acute-Phase Proteins↗
PubMed1991

[Parameters of non-specific immunity in umbilical cord blood in response to the stress of labor and surgery in healthy mothers and patients with late gestoses].

The authors investigated six proteins of the acute phase in the serum of mothers and in the umbilical blood of the foetus during spontaneous delivery and after Caesarean section in 40 women and their neonates. Half the women were in good health, half suffered from late gestoses. The patients' age, weeks of delivery and operation, the mean body weight of the neonates and evaluation of their condition after delivery by the Agpar score were comparable. The results were processed statistically. Mean levels of six proteins of the acute phase were assessed in the serum of the mother and the umbilical blood in all four groups of women and their neonates and percentage ratios of proteins in mother and foetus were assessed. On evaluation by the two-sample t-test in the umbilical blood of spontaneous deliveries in late gestoses significantly lower prealbumin values were found, and the same applied to Caesarean sections. Conversely a significant increase of A2MG levels and orosomucoid was found in the umbilical blood of children from mothers with late gestoses after Caesarean section. The values of the orosomucoid/prealbumin index according to Hollinshead were markedly elevated in late gestoses in the maternal blood as well as in the umbilical blood of the foetus.

Acute-Phase Proteins↗
PubMed1991

[Activation of certain stress axes in spontaneous and surgical deliveries in healthy women and in women with late gestoses].

Within the framework of the stress theory the authors investigated total cortisol levels in the maternal serum during spontaneous delivery and 24 hours after delivery in 20 women half of whom had a non-complicated pregnancy and half had an EPH gestosis. They investigated also cortisol levels in 20 women during delivery by Caesarean section; half of them had a normal pregnancy and half had suffered from gestosis. At the onset of delivery and operation resp. women with gestosis had significantly elevated cortisol levels, as compared with healthy women. During spontaneous delivery the levels of this hormone had a rising trend with the peak during delivery of the foetus and return to pre-delivery values after 24 hours. During Caesarean section the cortisol levels rose only insignificantly and in gestoses they declined already at the end of the operation. In the discussion the authors draw attention to the activation of the stress axes during delivery and attempt to explain the elevated cortisol levels during delivery and in late gestoses.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[The enteral absorption of iron (II) from humic acid-iron complexes in suckling piglets using radiolabeled iron (59Fe)].

Bioavailability of iron (II) bounded as a chelate to macromolecular humic acids was investigated in two different concentrations using retention rates of 59Fe in piglets (age: 24 h). Investigations period was from 3 hrs. to 21 days following application. 21 days after a single oral application of the humic-acid-iron-complexes, 25% of the total Fe was detected in the animal, distributed in the erythrocytes (80%), muscles and bones (8% respectively) and liver (4%). For the first time in veterinary medicine these results enable a combined therapy of enteric and iron-deficiency syndrome by using only one drug. Recommendation for dosing is provided.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Inhibition of human leukocyte elastase by N-substituted tripeptide trifluoromethyl ketones.

Several tripeptide trifluoromethyl ketones containing non-naturally occurring N-substituted glycine residues at the P2-position are effective human leukocyte elastase (HLE) inhibitors in vitro and possess IC50 values in the submicromolar range. Deletion of the amino acid at the P3-subsite region affords inactive compounds. The trifluoromethyl ketone derivative of valine is the preferred residue at the P1-position; whereas, the corresponding glycine or alpha, alpha-dimethyl glycine analogs result in inactive compounds.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1989

[Pharmacologic and toxicologic properties of humic acids and their activity profile for veterinary medicine therapy].

Humic acids derive from a class of natural substances in humic substances. The chemical properties of certain defined humic acid products enable their application in diseases of the digestive system of mammals when combined with metabolic disorders, especially in rearing age. The simple administration (via feed), their exceptional safety and the absence of side effects (e. g. allergy, resistance) as well as no residue formation in animal derived products allow a broad application of these substances in veterinary medicine, even when regarding ecotoxicological aspects.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Evaluation of zinc complexes on the replication of rhinovirus 2 in vitro.

The effect of zinc salts and complexes were evaluated on the replication of rhinovirus 2 in vitro. Zinc chloride inhibited the replication of rhinovirus 2 at concentrations between 3 and 12 micrograms/ml. Influenza virus was not affected. A number of zinc complexes were tested and compared to zinc chloride. The results indicated that the activity and toxicity of all zinc complexes in the rhinovirus cytopathogenic effect (CPE) assay were directly related to the amount of unbound zinc available.

Cell Line↗