Polymorphism in the 5'-promoter region of serine racemase gene in schizophrenia.
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Case-Control Studies↗
Biomedical subjects
V G Kaleda
Publications and source records attributed to V G Kaleda.
[Acoustic evoked potentials, serotonin transporter gene polymorphism and some psychopathological and psychological features in patients with schizophrenia and their relatives].
Serotonin transporter gene is known to be implicated with various psychological and psychiatric phenotypes. The present study aimed at searching for relationship of the gene polymorphism 5-HTTLPR to personality traits and P300 wave in patients with schizophrenia (n = 71) and their non-psychotic relatives (n = 74). To reduce an influence of the P300 amplitude range, which may vary widely in population, subjects have been divided into 2 groups: with amplitude higher (group m+) and lower (group m-) than a mean sample value. Between-amplitude differences were highly significant (p < 0.0001) for all the leads. The groups were similar by age, sex ratio and emotional level measured with personality inventories. When compared by 5-HTTLPR genotype, mean P300 amplitude values were similar in the group m-. In the group m+, significant differences for this component were found between the II genotype and the ss genotype at frontal (p = 0.02) and central (p = 0.005) leads, with the ss genotype subjects having the lowest amplitude. Subjects with the ss genotype in this group as compared to those with the II genotype were also featured by higher anxiety- and depression-related personality traits in relatives and marked clinical symptoms related to anxiety and depression in patients. The fact that association between 5-HTTLPR polymorphism and with P300 amplitude as well as personality traits was found only in the group with higher amplitudes, but not in the group with lower amplitudes, may be partly explained by the assumption that these groups represent different phenotypes. Subjects with inherent lower amplitude are thought to have reduced ability of behavior self-regulation. In conclusion, 5-HTTLPR polymorphism seems to contribute to information processing related to P300 generation and to anxiety and depression traits in patients with schizophrenia and their relatives.
Adult↗
[Therapy of endogenous attack-like adolescent psychoses: main principles and approaches].
Basing on the results of the treatment of 297 patients and the follow-up study of 278 patients aged 16-25 years, with endogenous attack-like adolescent psychoses main principles of the therapy are formulated as follows: (1) therapeutic alliance between the psychiatrist and a patient as well as between a psychiatrist and parents of the patient; (2) timely neuroleptic therapy; (3) priority of using antipsychotics with high efficacy and low frequency of development of side-effects and complications; (4) orientation on long-term supportive and preventive therapy; (5) complex treatment as a combination of psychopharmacotherapy with rehabilitation measures.
Adolescent↗
[Insertion-deletion polymorphism of angiotensin-1-converting enzyme gene in patients with endogenic psychoses].
Due to its role in dopamine system functioning in brain, angiotensin-1-converting enzyme (ACE) gene insertion-deletion (I/D) polymorphism is reportedly studied for association with major psychosis. The present study aimed at searching for I/D allele and genotype distribution in patients with major psychosis and healthy subjects and for an association between ACE gene polymorphism and clinical presentations of these disorders. One hundred and ninety-eight patients with schizophrenia (144) and affective disorders (54), 100 male, aged 36.3 +/- 12.8 years, and 247 controls, 87 male, aged 49.6 +/- 13.5 years, have been genotyped. No association was found between ACE gene polymorphism and major psychosis. In the group of males with schizophrenia, genotype distribution differed significantly from that in the male control group (chi2 = 6.24; p = 0.04), with frequencies of the DD genotype and the D allele being higher comparing to the II genotype and the I allele frequency (p = 0.04 and p = 0.01 respectively). It is suggested that in schizophrenia as well as in some other polygenic diseases ACE gene polymorphism might be rather considered as a modifying than a causal factor.
Adult↗
[Markers of endothelial dysfunction in attack-like schizophrenia].
The activity of leukocyte elastase (LE) and two markers for vascular endothelial cells (EC) dysfunction/lesion--von Willebrand factor (WF) and C-reactive protein (C-RP)--was determined in the blood plasma of 22 male patients, aged 23.7 +/- 5.5 years with attack-like schizophrenia (ALS) and 24 matched controls. A significant increase of WF, C-RP and LE was found in the patients compared to controls indicating EC dysfunction and/or lesion in ALS schizophrenia. Positive correlations between LE activity and WF concentrations as well as between WF and severity of clinical symptoms in ALS patients imply a vascular layer lesion of the blood-brain barrier.
Adolescent↗
[Some indices of congenital and acquired immunity in patients with endogenous diseases of schizophrenic spectrum disorders].
Indices of congenital leukocyte elastase (LE) activity and adaptive immunity (a level of autoantiboies to nerve growth factor--AabNGF) in blood serum of patients with schizophrenia (attack-like, continuous and slow progressive types) and schizoaffective psychosis have been compared with clinical presentations of the disorders. A patient's state was assessed by clinico-psychopathological methods and with the Positive and Negative Syndromes Scale (PANSS). All schizophrenia types and schizoaffective psychosis were accompanied by LE activity elevation. An increase of AabNGF level was observed only in attack like and continuous schizophrenia. Correlations between AabNGF level and negative symptoms evaluated, using the PANSS, suggest a relation of autoimmune reactions against NGF to the progression of schizophrenic process. Differences in AabNGF level between schizoaffective psychosis and attack-like schizophrenia confirm nosologic independence of schizoaffective psychosis and demand for additional differential laboratory diagnosis of these disorders.
Adolescent↗
[A study of some genes related to serotoninergic and dopaminergic systems and auditory evoked-potentials (P300) in patients with schizophrenia and spectrum disorders and their first-degree relatives].
The changes of P300 parameters (lower amplitude and increased latency) are thought to be the most prominent phenomena of schizophrenia. A role of gene polymorphism in P300 generation was supported by several associative studies in psychiatrically well subjects and patients with mental disorders. We studied P300 parameters and the following polymorphisms: T102C for the serotonin receptor type 2A (5-HTR2A) gene, the 5-HTTLPR for the serotonin transporter gene, -809G/A, -616G/C N -52C/T SNPs in the promoter region of the dopamine D4 receptor (DRD4) gene and the Val158Met polymorphism of the catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) in 74 patients with schizophrenia and spectrum disorders and 71 their first-degree relatives. No association was found between serotonergic system genes and P300. The -809G/A DRD4 gene polymorphism was related to amplitude in all frontal leads (p=0,01) in patients. In relatives, an association was observed between -521C/T DRD4 variants and latency (p=0,005) as well as between the COMT gene polymorphism and P300 amplitude (p=0,004) at the central lead. Thus, the genes involved in dopaminergic system play a role in P300 generation both in patients with schizophrenia and spectrum disorders and their relatives.
Adolescent↗
[Relation between immunological and neurophysiologic markers during exacerbation of schizophrenic process].
Relation between leukocyte elastase (LE) activity of peripheral blood and temporal parameters of late cognitive component of event-related potentials (ERP) was studied in 36 patients with different types of schizophrenia and 28 healthy controls. Both P300 latency and amplitude correlated with LE activity in patients, but not in controls. The results suggest a relationship between innate immunity activation and pathophysiologic processes underlying cognitive impairment in schizophrenia. Possible mechanisms of the correlations revealed are analyzed.
Adolescent↗
Serotonin transporter polymorphism and depressive-related symptoms in schizophrenia.
A role for the serotonin transporter (5-HTT) gene polymorphism in mental illnesses and anxiety-traits has been implicated. The contribution of genetic factors in personality traits and the manifestation of specific symptoms in psychiatric illnesses have yet to be elucidated. Anxious-depressive symptoms are a significant component in a pattern of schizophrenic symptoms. This study focused on the relation between 5-HTT polymorphism and clinical presentations of schizophrenia, specifically those related to the affective spectrum. Using clinical and psychological analyses, we tested the genetic association between the 5-HTTLPR polymorphism (5-HTT gene-linked polymorphic region) and anxiety- and depressive-related symptoms emerged in schizophrenia. In 260 patients with an ICD-10 diagnosis of schizophrenia (broad definition), we studied the 5-HTTLPR genotype (insertion-deletion polymorphism), the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), and self-rated inventories (EPI, MMPI, STAI) scores. Patients with the "ss" genotype (deletion variant) scored significantly higher on "Guilt feelings" and "Depression" items, as compared with those of the "ll" genotype (insertion variant) (P = 0.016, 0.039, respectively). The frequency of the "ss" genotype was reduced in patients with no depression or guilt feelings, or in those patients exhibiting questionable symptoms. In contrast, the "ss" genotype carriers prevailed among the patients with mild, moderate, or severe ratings of the symptoms. The scores on all anxiety- and depression-related traits, self-rated by the patients, did not significantly differ by genotype. Our finding may contribute to understanding of molecular genetic features underlying an appearance of psychopathological symptoms emerged in schizophrenia.
Adult↗
[Interleukin system in schizophrenics].
Interleukines (IL) levels, mononuclear phagocytes (MP) activity and proliferative T-lymphocytes activity were studied in 6 patients with paranoid (ICD-10 item F20.00) and 20 patients with shift-like (F20.01) types of schizophrenia. Significant (p < 0.05) decrease of MP activity, monocytes-stimulated IL-1 beta production (mostly pronounced in paranoid type) lymphocyte-stimulated IL-2 production (p < 0.05) and proliferate T-lymphocytes activity (p < 0.01) were characteristic of schizophrenia in use of low mitogen doses. A significant increase (p < 0.001) of IL-2 serum concentration was found only in shift-like type. The changes of IL-2 concentration are more frequent in younger patients, aged up to 30 years, with relatively long duration of illness and manifestation stage (over 5 years). An increase of serum IL-2 in the patients was not connected with the changes of soluble IL-2 receptors in the serum as it did not differ from the control values.
Adult↗
[Immunological indices in schizoaffective and affective psychoses].
Proliferative activity of peripheral blood lymphocytes has been studied in patients with schizoaffective (18) and affective (24) psychoses in 4 experimental variants: cultivation of blood lymphocytes isolated by centrifuging in the density gradient with fetal (1st variant) or autologic serum (2nd variant); cultivation of lymphocyte obtained in plasma sedimentation with fetal (3rd variant) and autologic serum (4th variant). A level of functional lymphocyte activity was significantly decreased in patients. The data obtained suggest that different mechanisms underlie this decrease. In schizoaffective psychosis, a disturbance of cell cooperative interaction in immune response was observed. In affective psychosis, the determining factors were a decrease of the ability of lymphocytes to respond to mytogenic stimulation and a presence of the factor inhibiting a functional activity of lymphoid cells in patient's blood. Besides, it was shown that in patients with schizoaffective psychosis, lymphocyte proliferative activity inversely correlates with the disease duration and in affective patients the direct correlation between these indices was detected.
Adult↗
Analysis of the linkage of the Taq1A and Taq1B loci of the dopamine D2 receptor gene with schizophrenia in patients and their siblings.
The linkage of the polymorphous markers Taq1A and Taq1B of the DRD2 dopamine receptor gene, located in region 11q22-11q23 of chromosome 11, with schizophrenia was studied. The investigation involved 29 complete families containing concordant and discordant sibling pairs. Common alleles at locus Taq1A were found significantly more frequently in concordant pairs (p = 0.04), and there was a tendency to a higher frequency of transmission of the maternal allele as compared with the paternal allele (p = 0.06). No such relationships were seen in the case of the Taq1B locus. Neither locus showed any significant difference in the frequency of common alleles in discordant pairs or in the predominance of allele transmission from one of the parents. These data demonstrate a possible linkage with schizophrenia for the Taq1A marker but not for the Taq1B marker.
Adult↗
[Psychological mechanisms of communication disorders in schizophrenics and their relatives].
The study aimed at searching for mechanisms of communicative impairments in patients with schizophrenia and their relatives. To evaluate a contribution of attention and memory to communication efficacy and to ability for understanding mental states of others, 100 patients with schizophrenia and schizoaffective psychosis, 150 their healthy relatives and 145 controls have been studied. The results confirmed a presence of communicative deviations in the patients with schizophrenia and their relatives. In these groups, communication deficit was determined by disturbance of 1 out of 4 communication principles--the principle of information quantity. Attention and memory did not exert any significant influence on communication efficacy in the patients and their relatives. Distinct deterioration of fulfilling the tasks demanding mentalizing ability was found only in the patients. However, no correlation was revealed between this deterioration and communication peculiarities.
Adult↗
[A-1438-G serotonin receptor type 2A (5-HTR2A) gene polymorphism in patients in patients with schizophrenia].
A-1438-G 5-HTR2A gene polymorphism is known to be related to some clinical presentations of endogenous psychoses, in particular, of schizophrenia. The present study aim was to study association between clinical appearances of schizophrenia and A-1438-G allelic polymorphism. Alleles (A and G) and genotypes (AA, AG and GG) distribution did not significantly differ between patients and control groups. No association has been found between the genotypes and clinical characteristics of the patients, such as age at disease onset, age at psychosis manifestation, as well as positive, negative and general psychopathological symptoms severity measured by PANSS.
Adolescent↗
[The relationship between clinical changes in schizophrenia, acoustic evoked potentials, and background electroencephalogram].
The study was made of relationship between the dynamics of neurophysiological parameters and the changes of clinical state assessed by the PANSS and the CGI in 17 male patients with schizophrenia. Significant correlations between the reduction of psychopathological symptoms by PANSS and an increase of P300 amplitude and spectral density of background EEG in delta-, theta-, alpha 1- and alpha 3-ranges and the reduction of psychotic symptoms by CGI and an increase density in delta-, theta-, alpha 1-diapasons were found. The findings are considered as the evidence of correlations between an improvement of clinical state and "normalization" of different processes of attention, thinking and memory reflected changes of the tested EEG parameters.
Adult↗
[The use of cluster analysis in clinico-neurophysiological study].
Neurophysiological characteristic--an amplitude of P300 auditory evoked potentials (EP) wave registered in 12 and 5 EEG leads--was studied in 22 patients with endogenous psychoses. Using cluster analysis, it was shown that the differences between the EP amplitudes before and after treatment split into clusters thus indicating a fine structure of the data, reflecting an objective changes in the patient's state during the treatment. The results obtained correlated with an evaluation of patient' clinical state by the PANSS, namely with scores on general psychopathological and positive symptoms subscales.
Cluster Analysis↗
[Bioelectrical activity of the brain in parents of schizophrenics].
The peculiarities of brain electric activity in mentally normal parents of schizophrenics (52 subjects) as compared to the control group of mentally normal subjects without family history of manifest psychosis (22 subjects). In both groups, EEG spectral densities and auditory evoked potentials (AEP) characteristics were compared. The parents of schizophrenics appeared to differ from controls by decrease of N1 amplitude and prolongation of N2, P3 which was similar to that observed in patients with schizophrenia. The findings are discussed as evidence of heritability of deviations in cognitive processes.
Adult↗
5HTR2A gene polymorphism and personality traits in patients with major psychoses.
Serotonin receptor (5HTR2A) gene polymorphism has been reported to be associated with clinical phenotypes in schizophrenia. The current study attempted to investigate a relationship between 5HTR2A 102T/C polymorphism and personality traits as well as clinical symptoms in patients with ICD-10 diagnoses of schizophrenia and affective disorders. 5HTR2A genotyping, clinical and psychological assessment were administered to 375 patients, 104 first-degree healthy relatives of the patients and 157 controls. In the patients an association was observed between the 2/2 5HTR2A genotype and scores on the Hypochondriasis scale (MMPI) (ANOVA, F = 4.56; P = 0.011) and trait anxiety (F = 4.21; P = 0.002). A significant difference between 1/1 and 2/2 genotypes has been also found for Neuroticism scores (EPI) (t = 2.18; P = 0.0031). No significant differences by 5HTR2A genotype were observed in either the control or first-degree relatives group for all scales studied. Positive, negative and psychopathological symptoms emerged higher in the 2/2 genotype patients compared to other genotype carriers. Therefore, the 2/2 genotype may contribute to produce the phenotype, with specific clinical and pathological features in common, regardless of nosologic heterogeneity of psychoses.
Adult↗