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Biomedical subjects

V I Efremenko

Publications and source records attributed to V I Efremenko.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

[Epidemiological features of leptospirosis in Stavropol' region].

The data on leptospirosis morbidity among agricultural animals and humans in the Stavropol Territory for the last 10 years, as well as the serological picture of the causative agent of leptospirosis, are presented. The epidemiological importance of the main risk factors and their influence on the development and manifestations of the epidemic process are substantiated. As revealed in this investigation, the professional character of leptospirosis morbidity among humans has been almost completely lost under modern conditions, which requires further study with a view to the development of the rational complex of prophylactic measures.

Adult↗
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[Laboratory diagnostics of the outbreak of Crimean haemorrhagic fever in Southern Russia].

The results of the serological analysis of blood sera taken from patients with Crimean haemorrhagic fever (CHF) and from persons suspected for this disease are presented. These results made it possible to confirm that during the period of April 16-September 04, 2000, the outbreak of CHF occurred on the territory of Southern Russia. In addition to the laboratory confirmation of the outbreak of CHF by means of the enzyme immunoassay and the indirect immunofluorescence test the diagnostic work was completed by the isolation, and subsequent identification, of 3 strains of CHF virus from the blood of patients and 1 strain from the pool of ticks Hyalomma marginatum.

Animals↗
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[Specialized epidemic brigade during extreme situation].

Information on the main trends in the activity and on the organization of the work of the specialized antiepidemic brigade of the Stavropol Research Institute for Plague Control in Grozny in the first half of the year 2000 is presented. At the initial stage of this activity the specialists of the brigade were entrusted with all functions of the local state sanitary and epidemiological service which had lost its qualified personnel and material resources. At the initial stages of the work the main attention was drawn to the organization of the registration of patients with infectious diseases, to the control of drinking water and to the realization of immunoprophylactic measures, etc. The specialists of the brigade carried out their work in close cooperation with the medical service of the Territorial Head Office of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of the Russian Federation in the Chechen Republic.

Communicable Disease Control↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Working experience of the epidemiological groups of the Stavropol Research Institute for plague control].

With the start of the antiterrorist operation of the federal forces in the Chechen Republic in autumn 1999 a considerable stream of refugees from the regions where hostilities took place poured to the Republic of Ingushetia. Such situation could not help affecting the whole sanitary and epidemiological situation in the republic. The load on the local services of the State Sanitary and Epidemiological Surveillance increased almost two-fold. To render practical and consultative-methodological assistance to the Center of State Sanitary and Epidemiological Surveillance in the Republic of Ingushetia, an epidemiological group, chosen from the personnel of the specialized antiepidemic brigade of the Stavropol Research Institute for Plague Control, was sent to Nazran in October 1999 by the decision of the Main State Sanitarian of the Russian Federation. Altogether 6 such groups worked in the Republic of Ingushetia during October-January 1999/2000 and during September-October 2000. The tasks of the groups and the measures taken for fulfilling them are presented. The experience of the work of the epidemic groups as operative antiepidemic formations demonstrated the expediency of their further use.

Communicable Disease Control↗
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[Training of medical practitioners of Russian Federation for dealing with dangerous infections in Stavropol Institute for plague control and for working under the conditions of the emergency situation].

There are no doubts at present concerning the necessity of training medical practitioners in Russia for dealing with specially dangerous infections and for work under the conditions of emergency situations. From the day this institute was founded the training of the corresponding personnel was started: first physicians, then biologists and other specialists, including medical assistants and technicians. Additional programs for training specialists were developed, the State License for conducting the course of special post-diploma training was obtained. Research works on improving the methods of the indication and rapid diagnostics of the causative agents of dangerous infections, reflected in training programs for specialists and practically used in the process of the realization of antiepidemic measures in the zones of emergency situations, were carried out. In training the students the experience of the work of the institute on ensuring the epidemiological safety of the population under the conditions of different emergency situations was taken into consideration.

Academies and Institutes↗
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[Emergency situations in the North Caucasus and role of specific immunoprophylaxis in eradication and prevention of epidemiological consequences].

Information on emergency situations (ES) on the territory of the North Caucasus from the 90s of the last century till the present moment is presented. The importance of the specific immunoprophylaxis of infections for the liquidation of epidemiological aggravations in ES and for their prevention is shown. Information on the scope of specific immunoprophylaxis in the zones of ES and on different approaches to its carrying out. The conclusion was made on the expediency of making corrections in the normative documents of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, regulating planned vaccinations and vaccinations made on epidemic indications in connection with different kinds of ES.

Communicable Disease Control↗
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[Basic measures for prevention of the epidemiological consequences of a natural disaster in the North Caucasus in 2002].

The system of organizational and prophylactic measures, carried out with a view to prevent epidemiological aggravations in connection with the natural calamity in the Southern Federal District of the Russian Federation in 2003, is described. Proposals on the improvement of the system of preventive measures, including the monitoring of the epidemiological, sanitary and hygienic situation, personnel training, technical provision, the cooperation of different services and departments, capable of ensuring the liquidation of the consequences of emergency situations of the natural character, are made.

Communicable Disease Control↗
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[Epidemiologic situation in the quarantine of natural focal infections in the Southern Federal District].

Materials on the situation in quarantine natural focal infections (anthrax, plague, tularemia, brucellosis, leptospirosis, etc.) in the Southern Federal District are presented. Experience in the provision of the epidemic safety in the above-mentioned diseases, based on the systematic surveillance on the activity of epizootological factors on the territory of the natural foci of infections, are described. The causes of the possible aggravation of the epidemiological situation in a number of nosological forms in connection with changes in natural and socio-economic factors are given. The results of the realization of regional programs, making it possible to improve the system interaction between the administrative territories, services and departments aimed at ensuring the epidemiological safety of the region, are shown.

Animals↗
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[Improvement of methods for indication of the causative agents of natural focal infections under conditions of emergency situations with epidemiologic consequences].

The improvement of the laboratory diagnostics of quarantine infections (QI) is aimed at obtaining the result at a shorter time, the simplification of making serological reactions, enhancing the specificity and sensitivity of the results due to the introduction of new = generation diagnostic preparations into practical use. The wide practical use of erythrocytic and immunofluorescent diagnostic preparations has shown that they cannot completely meet all requirements simultaneously. The optimized scheme of the indication of the causative agents of QI must ensure the combined use, at different stages of the analysis, of magneto-immunosorbents, enzyme immunoassay, as well as immuno-suspension preparations for the simplification and acceleration of obtaining results with sufficient sensitivity and specificity provided.

Bacteria↗
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[Epidemiological situation on anthrax in the regions of the Southern Federal District in connection with the flood in June 2002].

Data on the epidemiological situation in anthrax in the regions of the Southern Federal District, situated in the zone of inundation, are presented. In 2002 no epidemic complications in anthrax were noted in the affected territories. The causes contributing to the appearance of anthrax cases among humans and animals are presented. Recommendations on the improvement of anti-epidemic measures are given.

Animals↗
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[Improvement of the method for the indication of the causative agent of anthrax].

A combined method for the indication of the causative agent of anthrax (Bacillus anthracis), including the preparation of the material to be tested, the exposure of the magneto-imunosorbent in the sample, cultivation in selective medium, DNA extraction with subsequent testing in the polymerase chain reaction with primers to genes cap, pag and chromosomal sequence Ba813, the registration and interpretation of results, has been developed. All determinations, including the preparation of samples, last not more than 6 hours. The indication of B. anthracis by the proposed method makes it possible not only to confirm its presence in the sample Under test, but also to evaluate its epidemic potential.

Anthrax↗
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[Gene typing of Bacillus anthracis strains isolated on the territory of the countries of the Confederation of Independent States].

Thirty eight B. anthracis strains isolated on the territory of the former USSR from different sources at different periods were studied by the method of the multilocus analysis of 6 chromosomal and 2 plasmid regions of B. anthracis genome with a variable number of tandem repeats. The strains belonged to 18 different genotypes; of these, 14 genotypes were described for the first time. The analysis of the genetic relationship of the strains gave grounds to suggest that on this territory both closely related strains and strains whose genotypes were remote from those peculiar to the greater part of other strains could occur. The strains belonging to subgroup A1a of molecular variability were "endemic" for the European part of the former USSR. A modification of the method of gene typing was proposed, which permitted it to be made without the use of an automatic sequencer; this made it possible to greatly widen the circle of laboratories where this method of research could be used.

Alleles↗
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[Leptospirosis in the Southern Federal District of the Russian Federation].

The retrospective and operative epidemiological analysis of leptospirosis morbidity on the administrative territories of the Southern Federal District during the period of 1990-2002 was carried out. The dynamics and tendencies of morbidity in individual administrative units of the region were shown. Materials on the negative influence of the emergency situation arising in the region as the result of the natural calamity in summer 2002 were presented. As shown in this work, timely decisions on the stabilization of epidemiological situation taken at the period of high flood and inundation in summer 2002 in the Southern Federal District and their efficient execution made it possible to keep the epidemiological situation in leptospirosis under control.

Communicable Disease Control↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Current state of epidemiologic surveillance of natural foci of plague of North Caucasus].

Information on the epizootic situation in plague in the natural foci of North Caucasus and on the influence of a number of anthropogenic and natural factors on this situation is presented. The data given in this work indicate that under the conditions of the anthropogenic transformation of landscapes the character of the epizootic manifestations of plague is changed and new factors, capable of aggravating epidemiological situation, appear. In addition, some other factors must be considered, such as the insufficient financing of reliable field surveys at present, the impossibility of making reliable epizootological studies due to causes of the social character (armed conflicts), thus making it impossible to evaluate, with a sufficient degree of reliability, the real epizootic state of a number of territories and, therefore, the risk of human infection. In this connection the necessity to carefully plan prophylactic measures and measures aimed at the localization and liquidation of the probable foci of infection arises.

Animals↗
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[Detection of plague microbe in the fleas by polymerase chain reaction by using magnetic immunosorbents].

The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with and without pre-treatment of the samples of the fleas Citellophilus tesquorum with magnoimmunosorbents was used to detect the plague microbe in the samples containing 142, 168, 193 or more bacterial cells. PCR analysis reduced the time of tests of ectoparasites for plague to 6 hours. The use of a combination of PCR and magnoimmunosorbent simplified the most time-consuming and longest stage of isolation of plague microbial DNA from the suspensions of the fleas, which allows the time of a test to be reduced to 3 hours. The administration of an affine sorbent having magnetic properties during treatment of samples with plague-infected exoparasites for PCR analysis makes it possible to have a specific concentration of Yersinia pestis and to prevent the inhibitory effect of flea tissues on the polymerase chain reaction, to use the boiling method for isolating microbial DNA and for disinfecting the material to be tested.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever in southern Russia].

At the end of the 20th--the beginning of the 21st century activation of a natural focus of Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever (CCHF) in southern Russia was noted. As a consequence, in 2002 outbreaks and sporadic cases of this disease were registered on the territory of 6 out of 13 administrative units of the Southern Federal District. To minimize the epidemiological consequences of the aggravating epidemiological situation considerable efforts and means were required from health care organs and institutions of the state sanitary and epidemiological service, including essential financial expenditures. The results of natural foci of CCHF survey, obtained by 2002, as well as main trends of prophylactic and antiepidemic interventions are presented. Scientific research and practical observations made it possible to work out a number of methodological regulations concerning the diagnostics, treatment and prophylaxis of CCHF.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Characterization of Bacillus anthracis typical virulent test strain 81/1].

The results of the prolonged and many-sided study of B. anthracis strain 81/1 by different authors are presented. The cultural and morphological, biochemical, antigenic, molecular-genetic characteristics of this strain give grounds for regarding it as a typical test strain to be used for the determination of the vaccines immunogenicity, the effectiveness of antibiotics and immunomodulators.

Animals↗