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Biomedical subjects

V I Lebedev

Publications and source records attributed to V I Lebedev.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1996

[Experience in treating Nephroblastomas].

The treatment of nephroblastomas which accounts for 72% of all malignant neoplasms in children is one of the topical problems of pediatric oncology. To detect the tumor at early stages of a tumorous process is one of the main conditions of successful treatment for nephroblastomas. The histological types of nephroblastoma, its international classifications and present-day treatment policy are given. A role of radiation treatment is shown at pre- and postoperative therapeutical stages. Drugs, their combinations, and the efficiency of polychemotherapy regimens in use are outlined. The importance of comprehensive examination of the patient to determine the extent of malignancy and to choose adequate antitumor treatment regimens is emphasized.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1991

[Evolution of drug treatment of rhabdomyosarcoma in children].

Rhabdomyosarcoma is the most frequently occurring type of malignant solid tumors in children. The tumor site, aggressive growth, proneness to recurrence, metastatic spreading, and high neglect predetermine the negligible share of the surgical method in multimodality treatment of rhabdomyosarcomas. Of importance are the development and the use of different types and schemes of drug therapy which can be employed in combination with radiotherapy. Drug therapy of rhabdomyosarcomas has large practical potentialities which rise from year to year.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed1991

[Significance of therapeutic pathomorphosis in the treatment and prognosis of osteogenic sarcoma in children].

To decide the problem of adequacy of preoperative treatment and postoperative special therapy, it is necessary to determine the degree of therapeutic pathomorphosis of primary osteogenic sarcoma. According to the materials of the children's clinic of the All-Union Cancer Research Center, USSR AMS, the degree of impairment is dependent on the size of the neoplasm, nature of the treatment and the x-ray-morphological variant. In a group of patients given preoperative chemoradiation treatment for degrees III and IV of therapeutic pathomorphosis, the 5-year survival amounted to 37.9 and 67.2% of cases, respectively. In a weak degree of tumor lesion (I-II), only 7% of the patients survive the 5-year period without metastases. The degree of therapeutic pathomorphosis is of great importance for correcting postoperative therapy as well as for predicting the course of osteogenic sarcoma in children.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed1988

[Adjuvant chemotherapy in the combined modality therapy of nephroblastoma in children].

The paper discusses the end results of complex treatment of 31 children comprising preoperative therapy, nephrectomy and adjuvant chemotherapy. Two-year survival was 64.5% and two-year recurrence-free survival--48.4%. Adjuvant chemotherapy (vincristine, dactinomycin and adriamycin) was given to 25 cases. Complete treatment consisting of 4 courses of adjuvant chemotherapy was carried out in 12 patients only, tumor progression and toxic hepatitis being the most frequent causes of adjuvant treatment suspension. Survival was shown to depend on such prognostic factors as the efficacy of preoperative chemotherapy, stage and morphological pattern of tumor rather than adjuvant chemotherapy duration. Therefore, a short course of adjuvant chemotherapy may be recommended for localized nephroblastoma in pediatric patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

[Clear-cell variant of nephroblastoma (clinico-morphological characteristics of 9 cases)].

Nine post-mortem cases included 5 boys and 4 girls at the age from 1 1/2 to 13 years. The ratio right/left kidney was 6 to 3; average tumour weight 780 g, higher than in typical nephroblastoma. Bone metastases were found in 6 cases, the therapy was inefficient. Light-microscopic examination revealed structural polymorphism (typical for nephroblastoma areas, fibroses, hyalinosis, myxomatosis), smooth muscles in 2 cases. Electron microscopy of clear cells revealed fibrillar component developed at a various degree, vacuoles, pynocytosis vesicles, large nuclei with fine structure of chromatin. The results indicate the clear-cell variant of nephroblastoma is a sarcomatoid tumour with characteristic structure and uncommon clinical behaviour which makes necessary a special diagnostic and therapeutical approach.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1984

[Antitumor antibiotics in the treatment of nephroblastomas in children].

The results of the chemotherapy of 20 children with nephroblastoma are analysed. The patients were treated according to the following scheme: vincristine in a dose of 0.05 mg kg bw once a week on the 1st, 8th, 15th and 22nd days, dactinomycin in a dose of 15 micrograms/kg once a day for 3 days on the 1st, 2nd and 3rd days of adriamycin in a dose of 30-40 mg/m2 on the 15th day of the treatment course. The postoperative chemotherapy was started 10 days after the operation. It was performed in 4 courses with intervals of 3 weeks. The efficacy of the treatment was estimated with angiography, echography and computer-aided tomography. The above scheme proved to be efficient in the treatment of the children with nephroblastoma. Reliable control of the tumor size during the preoperative treatment was shown to be possible.

Antibiotics, Antineoplastic↗
PubMed1982

[Problems of nephroblastoma in children].

An evaluation of 388 cases of Wilms tumor within 13 years established a high proportion of advanced cases among children: stage II - 30.6; III - 35.4; IV - 27.6 and V (bilateral) - 6.4%. Main homeostatic indices remained unchanged until stages III-IV. Primary tumor and metastases can be detected by a complex of clinical, X-ray and radioisotope methods the effectiveness of which is determined by degree of tumor extension. Dissemination of tumor at different sites were detected by primary examination in 40.5% and at later stages in 15% of patients. Most metastases (96%) were detected within the first 12 months of therapy. They were significantly more frequent at stage III and their frequency was in correlation with the patient's age at the time of tumor detection. Out of 388 cases, 112 (28.9%) survived for more than 3 years, stage II - 57.1; stage III - 25.4 and stage IV - 4.6% included. 1.5 - 2 year-long courses of pre- and postoperative polychemotherapy proved to be effective, whereas in cases of stage III tumor they should be supplemented with irradiation of primary tumor, its bed, regional lymph collectors and metastases. These measures ensured a 3-year survival in 69.5% of stage II patients and in 32.3% of stage III patients.

Child↗
PubMed1981

[1 of the variants of Wilms' tumor].

A peculiar variant of Wilms' tumor was studied. Out of 77 cases of nephroblastoma 2 observations were selected in which the tumor consisted of loosely arranged oval and polygonal cells with clear nuclei. Occasional formed tubules were found in the tumor. The cells had anastomosing processes, few organoids, microfibrils. A nonepithelial nature of the tumor is assumed. A trend for primary metastasis of the tumor into bones was observed. Because of the difficulties and rare occurrence of such tumors, their histology and differential criteria are presented at the light and ultrastructural levels. Indication of this variant in the diagnosis may also suggest the possibility of metastatic affection of the skeleton.

Biopsy↗