Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to V I Votiakov.
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It was shown that amiloride, orthovanade and uabain induced almost a two-fold decrease in the rate of incubation medium oxidation by the chick embryo fibroblasts due to the Na+/H+ exchange and inhibited by more than 95 per cent the influenza virus activity. The following mechanism for inhibition of the influenza virus multiplication in the cells under the effect of the above mentioned substances was proposed: suppression of the cellular Na+/H+ exchange responsible for the decrease in pH value in the virus-carrying endosomes----prevention of the decrease in the intraendosomal pH value to the critical level----blocking of the acid dependent process of the virus uncoating----inhibition of the influenza infection as a whole.
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Modelling of generalized herpetic infection of Guinea pigs is described. It took the course in the form of acute or subacute recurring process with either involvement of separate internal organs, or disseminated involvement of all visceral organs, or principal involvement of subcortical structures of the brain, or involvement of the brain and spinal marrow and marked vegetative failures. Signs of vasculitis; development of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) syndrome and CNS demyelinization are detected in animals during the terminal period.
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The influence of amyotrophic leukospongiosis (AL) causative agent on the ultrastructure of different types of cells of dissociated rat embryo brain and spinal cord cultures was studied. The AL agent belongs to the unconventional viruses (prions) and causes degenerative changes in the CNS. Large neurons and fibrous astrocytes were shown to be most sensitive. It was noted that the time of development and the degree of the dystrophic changes depend on the agent concentration. The destruction of cell membranes resulted in the pair neuron confluence. The formation of giant mitochondria with intramitochondrial inclusions was detected. It is supposed that the energetic apparatus of sensitive cells is primarily damaged by the infectious agent.
Remantadine has been shown to induce a decrease in acidification rate of incubation medium by chick embryo fibroblasts, caused both by Na+/H+ exchange and diffusion of lactic acid, the final product of glycolysis. The degree of acidification rate decrease grew with increasing concentration and time of cell incubation with preparation. Possible implementation of the inhibitory effect of remantadine on acid-dependent process of influenza virus uncoating by decreasing cellular Na+/H+ exchange and glycolysis is discussed.
The theoretical fundamentals of the epidemiology of diseases caused by xenobiotic factors of noninfectious etiology are considered. This branch of epidemiology is suggested to be designated 'xenobiotic or factorial epidemiology'. An interpretation is offered of the basic epidemiological concepts and requirements while studying the epidemiological process.
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The antiviral effect of chemical agents remantadine and deutephorine on the reproductive apparatus of MDCK-cells was studied. It was established that the action of the chemical agents during 3-4 days induced enhancement in pathologically transformed mitoses. This enhancement was in direct proportion to the doses used and to the cultivation time. Dose dependent enhancement of the total pathological mitoses number was simultaneous with the redistribution of mitoses into groups: the relative number of pathologies connected with chromosome damage became lower and the number of degenerating mitoses grew. Computer regression analysis showed the linear dependence between the chemical agent dose and the number of mitoses in the metaphase, that gives an indirect evidence of statmokinetic action of the agents under study.
The use of monolayer brain cell cultures from humans who had died of amyotrophic leukospongiosis and from animals with experimentally induced diseases allowed the authors to explore pathogenetic contribution of astrocytes to this disease. Morphofunctional heterogeneity of astrocyte population as well as the pathologic involvement of some of the cells were demonstrated, using light and electron microscopy and cytochemical technics.
The paper presents the results of the experimental study of the action of rifampicin on the process of rabies infection in albino mice contaminated with 1-10 LD50 of the fixed rabies virus. Exposure to rifampicin in doses of 250 and 500 micrograms/mouse (35-70 mg/kg) resulted in survival of 66.7 and 83.4 per cent of the animals respectively while in the controls it did not exceed 16.6 and 25.0 per cent. The average life-span of the albino mice treated with the antibiotic increased 1.6-2.4-fold in comparison with the controls. The chemotherapeutic index of rifampicin representing the ratio of the maximum tolerance dose to the minimum dose providing the protective action was equal to 20. The protective action was observed either after administration of the antibiotic according to the treatment-and-prophylaxis scheme or after administration of its 2- or 3-fold dose once a day immediately after the contamination.
A study was made of the effect of antiviral drugs remantadine and deitephorine on dynamics in the changes in structure-function parameters, mitotic activity, protein and nucleic acid synthesis in the Madin-Darby canine kidney cell culture. The application of methodical complex and regression analysis methods, the approximation of experimental data with analytical functions showed general regularity in the monolayer cell population response to the effect of drugs. In the response of cell populations three phases are distinguished: the first phase--transient inhibition; the second phase--relative compensation; the third phase--pathological cell destructive process.
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Ultrastructural changes, various by their character and the degree of expression, have been found in axons of the spinal cord of guinea-pigs with amyotrophic leukospongiosis (AL) (a slow infection of the CNS). The dependence of the degree of degenerative changes on the disease duration is shown. Absorption of cellular debris by oligodendrocytes and astrocytes is noted. It seems that microglia does not participate in phagocytosis. The conclusion has been made that experimental AL is a convenient model for studying the mechanisms of death of the central axons and analysis of the glia cell function under the conditions of keeping the blood-brain barrier intact.
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