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Biomedical subjects

V Janout

Publications and source records attributed to V Janout.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed2001

Molecular umbrella-assisted transport of glutathione across a phospholipid membrane.

A di-walled molecular umbrella (1a) has been synthesized by acylation of the terminal amino groups of spermidine with cholic acid, followed by condensation with bis(3-O-[N-1,2,3-benzotriazin-4(3H)-one]yl)-5,5'-dithiobis-2-nitrobenzoate (BDTNB), and displacement with glutathione (gamma-Glu-Cys-Gly, GSH). Replacement of the sterol hydroxyls with sulfate groups, prior to displacement with GSH, afforded a hexasulfate analogue 1b. Both conjugates have been found to enter large unilamellar vesicles (200 nm diameter, extrusion) of 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (POPC), and to react with entrapped GSH to form oxidized glutathione (GSSG). Evidence for vesicular entry has come from the formation of oxidized glutathione (GSSG) within the interior of the vesicle, the appearance of the thiol form of the umbrella (USH), and the absence of release of GSH into the external aqueous phase. Results that have been obtained from monolayer experiments, together with the fact that the heavily sulfated conjugate is able to cross the phospholipid bilayer, have yielded strong inferential evidence for an "umbrella-like" action of these molecules as they cross the lipid bilayer.

Biological Transport↗
PubMed2001

Epidemiology of colorectal cancer.

This review article presents colorectal cancer epidemiology, describing main epidemiologic characteristics and the influence of environmental and life style risk factors. The most important ideas for primary prevention are listed at the end of the article.

Colorectal Neoplasms↗
PubMed2001

[Epidemiology yesterday and today].

Current problems in epidemiology in the Czech Republic in comparison with the past orientation are discussed. Reasons for transition from the epidemiology of communicable diseases towards the epidemiology of chronic noninfectious diseases are described. The importance of epidemiologic methodology is pointed out.

Communicable Diseases, Emerging↗
PubMed2001

Mortality trends of lung cancer in Austria and the Czech Republic.

This paper concerns itself with possible reasons for differences in lung cancer (ICD9-162) mortality rates in Austria and the Czech Republic. Lung cancer mortality in Austrian men reached its peak in 1973 and decreased gradually after a plateau by 23% since then, while the Czech mortality rate in men was constantly increasing till 1986 and then started to decline by 21% till 1998. As far as women in both countries are concerned, the risk of dying from lung cancer has risen dramatically for the last 20 years. In Czech men the mortality rate between 1970-1998 was significantly higher than in Austrian men while in women the death rates were closely similar. Differences cannot be explained by different smoking habits. In the past occupational exposure to cancerogenic agents in the Czech Republic was certainly one of the futile factors for the different lung cancer mortality rates. However, nowadays, Austria and the Czech Republic have to cope with similar problems particularly with an increasing number of children and adolescents (especially females) starting smoking very early. Activities to prevent children and adolescents from starting or stopping to smoke will be the only way to control lung cancer epidemic in the 21st century.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Underquaternized anion exchange resins as covalent scavengers

The use of partially quaternized, chloromethylated polystyrene as a covalent scavenger of cholate ion in aqueous media has been demonstrated. The ability of such polymers to scavenge organic anions by covalent as well as by ionic means has important implications in the areas of medicinal and environmental chemistry, which are briefly discussed.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1999

Novel cationic amphiphiles as delivery agents for antisense oligonucleotides.

There has been great interest recently in therapeutic use of nucleic acids including genes, ribozymes and antisense oligonucleotides. Despite recent improvements in delivering antisense oligonucleotides to cells in culture, nucleic acid-based therapy is still often limited by the poor penetration of the nucleic acid into the cytoplasm and nucleus of cells. In this report we describe nucleic acid delivery to cells using a series of novel cationic amphiphiles containing cholic acid moieties linked via alkylamino side chains. We term these agents 'molecular umbrellas' since the cationic alkylamino chains provide a 'handle' for binding of nucleic acids, while the cholic acid moieties are likely to interact with the lipid bilayer allowing the highly charged nucleic acid backbone to traverse across the cell membrane. Optimal gene and oligonucleotide delivery to cells was afforded by a derivative (amphiphile 5) containing four cholic acid moieties. With this amphiphile used as a constituent in cationic liposomes, a 4-5 log increase in reporter gene delivery was measured. This amphiphile used alone provided a 250-fold enhancement of oligo-nucleotide association with cells as observed by flow cytometry. A substantial fraction of cells exposed to complexes of amphiphile 5 and fluorescent oligo-nucleotide showed nuclear accumulation of the fluorophore. Enhanced pharmacological effectiveness of antisense oligonucleotides complexed with amphiphile 5 was observed using an antisense splicing correction assay that activates a Luciferase reporter. Intracellular delivery, nuclear localization and pharmacological effectiveness of oligonucleotides using amphiphile 5 were similar to those afforded by commercial cytofectins. However, in contrast to most commercial cytofectins, the umbrella amphiphile showed substantial delivery activity even in the presence of high concentrations of serum.

3T3 Cells↗
PubMed1997

The incidence of acute myocardial infarction in the district Olomouc in 1994--descriptive study.

Cardiovascular mortality and morbidity in the Czech Republic are among the highest in the world. The morbidity data, however, are not routinely registered and thus a basis for preventive program evaluation is not available. Aim of the study is to establish the incidence of acute myocardial infarction in the Olomouc district in 1994 and to compare it with the incidence of this disease in the Czech Republic. Cases of acute myocardial infarction (diagnosis 121 according to the 10th revision of ICD established by a physician) were included. Sources of data concerning the diagnosis included the registries of internal clinics, departments of internal medicine, department of forensic medicine of the Faculty of Medicine in Olomouc, and general practitioners practising in the Olomouc district. Data concerning myocardial infarction mortality were obtained from the Olomouc Regional Statistical Office. The 6th version of EPI-Info Programme was used to process the data. In 1994, 523 cases of acute myocardial infarction were diagnosed in the Olomouc district, 313 in men and 210 in women. The respective incidence per 100,000 inhabitants was 227: 286 in men and 178 in women. Acute myocardial infarction mortality per 100,000 in Olomouc district was 98.05, it is 109.57 in men and 87.26 in women. For comparison, acute myocardial infarction mortality per 100,000 in the Czech Republic at the same period was 171.4 and 117.2 for men and women, respectively. Highest incidence was observed in March and October/November, lowest occurrence was observed in July and August. The incidence decreased with increasing size of the place of residence. As to the latter, further analysis is required to formulate conclusions concerning the morbidity trends.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Descriptive epidemiology of tetanus in the Czech Republic in the period of 1960-1993.

Tetanus represented a serious health problem in the Czech Republic until 1974 with a substantial number of deaths. In the period of 1974 to 1976 a mass vaccination campaign was implemented, covering almost all adult population in both sexes. Since that time the incidence of tetanus has sharply decreased and during recent years only sporadic cases of tetanus were reported. There are some important problems pending, which are to be solved as a part of tetanus surveillance in the country. One of the most important is the occurrence of tetanus cases in fully vaccinated subjects.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[Indications for vaccination against invasive meningococcal disease in Olomouc].

Problems connected with the decision about indication of vaccination in connection with the increase of invasive meningococcal disease are discussed. The epidemiological situation in the Olomouc district, where a local outbreak of invasive meningococcal diseases occurred, is briefly described and factors in favour of and against the indication of vaccination are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

An outbreak of viral hepatitis B associated with transfer factor administration.

An outbreak of viral hepatitis B in patients of the allergological clinic of the teaching hospital in Olomouc in connection with application of the crude non ultrafiltrated transfer factor is described. The epidemic was the first one of this kind observed in Czechoslovakia in connection with this blood derivative. A total of 32 persons from 13 districts in Czechoslovakia fell ill, yet thanks to close cooperation of epidemiologists of many districts and regions of Czechoslovakia the epidemic was brought under control in its full extent.

Czechoslovakia↗
PubMed1989

Immunogenicity of a chromatographically concentrated influenza vaccine.

The immunogenicity of the Czechoslovak-made commercial vaccine Adinvira as well as that of the chromatographically concentrated vaccine Leningrad of Soviet origin was evaluated in an immunization project. The both vaccines were well tolerated after administration, the Soviet-made Leningrad brand featuring greater efficiency in eliciting an antibody response against influenza virus haemagglutinin.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1986

Bacterial lysate (I.R.S. 19) applied intranasally in the prevention of acute respiratory diseases in children: a randomized double-blind study.

A controlled trial was undertaken to test I.R.S. 19 (a commercial intranasal spray) versus placebo in the prevention of acute respiratory diseases (ARD) in 825 maternity-school children in three cities; another control group of 327 children received neither I.R.S. 19 nor placebo. The spraying was done twice a day for a total of 20 spraying days in each child; sprayings were interrupted on weekends and during absence, the mean spraying period being 34 calendar days. During the 6-month study (1 November to 30 April) the children were monitored for ARD morbidity causing absence from school. A total of 1,585 such ARD cases occurred; their etiology was not investigated. The indices evaluated were: total duration of ARD-associated absence, ARD incidence, and mean duration of one illness. With the administration schedule used, I.R.S. 19 did not, in an overall evaluation, surpass placebo in any of these indices in either normal children or a subgroup of children with presumed enhanced ARD susceptibility.

Acute Disease↗