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Biomedical subjects

V Kasantikul

Publications and source records attributed to V Kasantikul.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Estrogen receptors in acoustic neurilemmomas.

Acoustic neurilemmomas are more frequent, larger, and more vascular in women, and such lesions have a rapidly progressive clinical course in pregnant women; these findings suggest that the growth of these neoplasms may bear a relationship to certain hormone levels. Tissues from 8 patients with acoustic neurilemmoma (3 men and 5 women) were studied by a new fluorescent steroid histochemical technique to detect the presence of estrogen receptors in or on neoplastic cells. Estrogen receptor protein has also been found in meningioma cells in women. Neurilemmoma of the acoustic nerve is the second neoplasm of the central nervous system in which such receptors have been demonstrated.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Ultrastructure of capillaries in acoustic neurilemmoma.

The microvasculature of normal acoustic nerve tissue and small intracanalicular and large extracanalicular neurilemmomas was analyzed by electron microscopy. The capillaries of normal acoustic nerve were nonfenestrated, but the microvasculature in nerve-sheath neoplasms was fenestrated. Hypertrophy and hyperplasia of endothelial cells were observed only in the small lesions. The proliferated and enlarge endothelial cells often partially occluded the vascular lumen and formed multichannel vascular lumina. Many fenestrae of capillaries were found in small neoplasms, but these were rarely identified in the large extracanalicular lesions. The gap junctions of endothelium in small nerve-sheath neoplasms were long, wavy, and convoluted, had no openings, and differed from those of large lesions in which the tight junctions were short, straight, and occasionally patent. Additionally, heavy vascularization and erythrocytes within basement membranes were observed only in large neurilemmomas. These ultrastructural features may constitute a basis for differences between large and small acoustic neurilemmomas noted in cerebrospinal fluid findings.

Capillaries↗
PubMed1981

Meningioangiomatosis in the absence of von Recklinghausen's disease.

Two patients who had been having seizures for 10 years or longer were found to have a peculiar neoplastic alteration in the cerebral cortex. The lesion in both instances consisted of a combined proliferation of meningothelial and endothelial cells; and are best described as meningioangiomatosis. The tissues were surgically excised and the frequency and severity of the patients' seizures decreased. In neither instance were there stigmata of von Recklinghausen's disease. In one example, as long as 8 years after craniotomy, no evidence of any disorder of the peripheral nerve was found. A review showed that such lesions have always been associated with multiple intracranial and spinal neoplasms; therefore, these two patients appear to be unique.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Intracerebral neurilemmoma.

Two examples of intracerebral neurilemmoma occurred in the absence of von Recklinghausen's disease. The first case was unique because the patient was clinically asymptomatic, and the second case was unusual with a combination of oligodendroglioma and neurilemmoma in the same mass. The latter lesion arising in persons without stigmata of neurofibromatosis has not been described. The nature of nerve sheath neoplasms in both instances has been verified by electron-microscopy. Clinical features of this rare neoplasm differ from those of acoustic or other cranial nerve tumour, particularly in relation to age and sex. Intracerebral neurilemmoma has been found most often in the first two decades of life and more often in males. Seizures and paresis, although non-specific are common signs and symptoms. Probable histogenesis of this neoplasm from perivascular elements in brain has been suggested.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Glioma of the acoustic nerve.

We report a case of astrocytoma of the acoustic nerve. Most gliomas arise from the brainstem, and seldom originate in the acoustic or other "true" cranial and spinal nerves. Clinical features of this rare acoustic tumor differ from those of brainstem gliomas, but are indistinguishable from typical acoustic neurilemoma. We discuss the diagnosis and histogenesis of glioma arising in the eighth cranial nerve. Demonstration of glial fibrillary acid protein, an antigen specific for astrocytes, is a new method of verifying the diagnosis. Review of the literature indicates that a few cases of epithelial-like tumors of peripheral nerves may have been of neuroepithelial origin. The evidence, however, generally is not sufficient to exclude the possibility of metastatic neoplasms or other tumors such as malignant schwannoma and melanoma. Most of these putative gliomas contained gland-like tissue, and did not have the morphologic appearance of astrocytoma, as in approximately five reported examples, and in our case.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Identification of a brain stone as calcified hemangioma: case report.

A 71-year-old woman with progressive hemiparesis had a large cerebral calculus (brain stone) removed from the temporal lobe. Her condition thereafter improved remarkably. The differential diagnosis and specific methods to determine the angiomatous nature of this almost acellular mass are discussed. Reticulin impregnation, elastic tissue stain, and electron microscopy were of greatest value.

Aged↗
PubMed1979

Combined neurilemmoma and angioma. Tumor of ectomesenchyme and a source of bleeding.

Eight cases are described of intracranial and peripheral neoplasms composed of mixed neurilemmoma and hemangioma. It is proposed that ectomesenchyme can differentiate into neurilemmoma and angioma. The latter may be related to recently described angiogenetic factors, or to developmental factors as in rare cases of arterial angiomas. The angiomatous part may be common, but has often been overlooked. The presence of abnormal vessels, whether in kind or in number, helps explain various biological features of neurilemmoma. These vessels frequently bleed within the tumor, which results in the characteristic hemosiderin-laden macrophages. Bleeding may also occur into the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) to create xanthochromia. The frequent increase in CSF protein in cases of neurilemmoma is attributed to transudation of serum from abnormal vessels. Less commonly, bleeding may be sufficient to cause subarachnoid hemorrhage. The dense collagen usually associated with these angiomas accounts for the relative infrequence of major hemorrhages.

Aged↗
PubMed1979

Relation of age and cerebral ventricle size to central canal in man. Morphological analysis.

The central canal of the spinal cord in man with and without hydrocephalus was studied histologically. The lumen was patent in most patients in the first two decades of life. Cells lining the canal in the prenatal and newborn state and in the first decade of life were predominantly pseudostratified ciliated epithelium. In the second decade, the epithelium became simple columnar or cuboidal. The central canal closed in most cases after the age of 20 years, secondary to proliferation of ependymal cells and astrocytes. Mechanisms whereby the number of glial cells increase are considered. The canal was closed in all adults with normal ventricular size, and in 94% of persons with various degrees of hydrocephalus. In the remaining 6% of cases with hydrocephalus, the lining of the canal resembled that seen in the first two decades, and could have acted as a pathway of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) absorption. Three cases of severe hydrocephalus in the first two decades of life were encountered; the central canal was patent in one, and occluded in two. Based on these data, the canal was not a significant pathway of CSF absorption in most instances of hydrocephalus and in persons with dilated ventricles who were older than 20 years of age.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Empty sella secondary to suprasellar colloid cyst of foregut (respiratory) origin. Case report.

An enlarged sella turcica was discovered in a 40-year-old man who had bitemporal headaches. A pneumoencephalograph revealed a third ventricular cyst, dilated lateral ventricles, and an empty sella. The colloid cyst was lined by foregut epithelium, probably originating in the respiratory tract, and dense connective tissue. This case is the first instance of an empty sella associated with a colloid cyst of the third ventricle. It is proposed that enlargement of the mass in the third ventricle caused increased pulsation pressure of the cerebrospinal fluid, and that in the presence of an incompetent diaphragma sellae the subarachnoid space expanded into the sella. The origin of third ventricle cysts is reconsidered. It is concluded that suprasellar colloid cysts may arise from endoderm, ectoderm, neuroepithelium, or a combination of these epithelia.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Light and electron microscopic observations of blood vessels in neurilemoma.

A study of 105 cases of neurilemoma disclosed frequent alterations of blood vessels, including hyalinized walls. Many vascular walls were formed by tumor cells. Two cases were analyzed by electron microscopy, and showed fenestrae, patent interendothelial gap junctions, and leakage of RBCs. The presence of erythrocytes in the gap junction and outside vessels is a factor acounting for xanthochromia of the CSF, and serum leakage for the frequent increase in CSF protein in cases of neurilemoma. Attenuation of endothelial cells increases the liability of vessels to bleed within the tumor. Massive bleeding may cause subarachnoid hemorrhage on rare occasions. Hyalinized vessels and dense collagen are features contributing to the relative infrequence of major hemorrhage. Evidence is presented that Schwann and perineural cells are similar.

Blood Vessels↗
PubMed1978

Death in an adolescent following an overdose of acetaminophen and phenobarbital.

A 13-year-old epileptic girl took an overdose of acetaminophen (Tylenol) and phenobarbital. Hepatic encephalopathy developed and the patient died eight days later. Necropsy revealed extensive centrilobular necrosis of the liver, degeneration of the renal distal tubules, and infarcted and demyelinated foci throughout the white matter of the cerebral cortex. Electron microscopy of intact hepatocytes showed a proliferation of both smooth and rough endoplasmic reticulum consistent with enzyme induction from phenobarbital. To our knowledge, this is the first reported death in a child in the United States as a result of acetaminophen and should alert physicians to an expected increase in acetaminophen toxicity as the drug becomes more widely available.

Acetaminophen↗
PubMed1977

Multiple neuroepithelial (colloid) cysts: association with other congenital anomalies.

A 4-year-old boy had three neuroepithelial cysts, one in the third ventricle and two in the supratentorial subarachnoid space, and also had stenosis of the cerebral aqueduct, obstructive internal hydrocephalus, frontoethmoidal meningoencephalocele, and right microphthalmia. The occurence of these combined lesions supports the congenitially derived nature of the cysts. The cysts originated from neuroepithelium including ectopic ependyma-lined structures. The exception may be those cysts arising in or near the floor of the third ventricle; these cysts could be derived from the cleft of Rathke's pouch, an endodermal derivative. Folding of the neuroepithelium in contact with mesenchyma or neuroglial tissue is proposed as the mode of formation of most "colloid" cysts. Review of the literature as well as our experience indicates that neuroepithelial cysts are widely distributed throughout the central nervous system.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Comparative effects of garlic and aspirin on diabetic cardiovascular complications.

By using streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats as a studied model, our previous experimental results have indicated that daily oral feeding of garlic extract (100 mg/kg BW) could increase the cardiovascular functions in streptozotocin (STZ) rats; the abnormality of lipid profile was prevented; and garlic extract could increase fibrinolitic activities with the decrease of platelet aggregation. Moreover, the plasma insulin level was increased concomitantly with the decrease of plasma glucose level. However, due to the high incidence of atherosclerosis in diabetes, the present study has been continued for further investigation of the effect of garlic extract on the coronary vascular ultrastructural changes. In addition, to identify the possible mechanism(s) of garlic's therapeutic effects, the cyclooxygenase inhibitor, aspirin, has been included in this present study. By using transmission electron microscopic studies, 16 weeks of daily oral feeding of garlic extract (100 mg/kg BW) caused as an antiatherosclerotic agent at the coronary arteriolar (15-30 microns) wall in STZ-rats. Interestingly, the thickening of coronary capillary (5-10 microns) basement membrane also was significantly attenuated within the group of STZ-rats treated with garlic extract. However, the possible direct action of garlic through the cyclooxygenase pathway has not been confirmed by the results of aspirin: The daily oral feeding of aspirin (10 mg/kg BW) in 16-week STZ-rats has not showed reduced arteriolar vascular wall abnormalities. The irregular patterns of fiber matrix, arranging the basement membrane at the arteriolar walls, were still recognized in the same manner as in STZ-rats. Interestingly, the thickening of the capillary basement membrane occurred in 16-week STZ-rats seems to be attenuated by the aspirin received. At present, garlic extract may open the new era in the medicinal use of garlic to prevent diabetic cardiovascular complications.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Intracanalicular neurilemmomas: clinicopathologic study.

Twenty-five patients with intracanalicular neurilemmonas were studied, the largest series yet reported. The tumors were most frequent in men by a ratio of 2:1, occurred more often on the left acoustic nerve, generally associated with long duration of symptoms and were equally distributed in the third to fifth decades, but the prevalence slightly increased in the sixth and seventh decades. A shorter length of illness occurred in younger persons as well as most patients with von Recklinghausen's disease. The length of illness ranged from six months to 35 years. Symptoms generally were limited to the auditory nerve except in three instances of involvement of the facial nerve. These three cases were the only ones with preoperative facial palsy. Posterior fossa myelogram was the most useful diagnostic acid. The rate of growth in one patient was estimated to be 1 to 2 mm per year by serial study of myelograms, but the growth rate is probably variable. CT scans were not useful in detecting small tumors. Histologically, most tumors less than 1 cm in diameter were primarily composed of Antoni type A tissue. Vascular malformations were found within the tumor in three cases. Altered blood vessels are the mechanism whereby characteristic changes occur in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Small tumors generally lack blood vessels, hence are less often associated with abnormal CSF.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Genetic heterogeneity and progression in different areas within high-grade diffuse astrocytoma.

The primary objective of this study was to determine loss of heterozygosity (LOH) in various portions of 9 high-grade diffuse astrocytomas, 8 glioblastomas and 1 anaplastic astrocytoma. LOH was observed on chromosomes 9, 10, 17 and 19 in 8, 3, 4 and 2 cases, respectively. Genetic heterogeneity and a multistep process were identified in 4 glioblastomas explaining the diverse morphological characteristics, a common feature of diffuse astrocytomas. In 2, 2, 3 and 1 cases, the allele losses were found within part of grade IV astrocytomas but not grades II or II/III, on chromosomes 9, 10, 17 and 19, respectively. In one of these, while genetic heterogeneity was observed on chromosome 17 between the area of grade II and grade IV, 9pLOH was found within both areas and occurred on the same allele. The other 5 cases did not demonstrate genetic heterogeneity and the LOH was on the same allele, irrespective of grade, suggesting clonal origin. In conclusion, at the molecular level, the diverse morphological features of astrocytoma develops by a multistep mechanism of genetic alterations from one cell via low-grade and more malignant tumors towards glioblastoma.

Astrocytoma↗