Biomedical subjects

V Lund

Publications and source records attributed to V Lund.

53 records · Page 3Linked to original sources

PubMed1989

Allergic aspergillus sinusitis--an overlooked diagnosis?

Aspergillus infection of the nose and sinuses has been recognized for nearly 100 years but a variant, allergic aspergillus sinusitis, has recently been recognized. This non-invasive form causes chronic sinusitis characterized by thick green inspissated mucus in which eosinophils and Charcot-Leyden crystals are found. Fungal hyphae are scanty and are identified with special stains. Consequently the diagnosis may frequently be overlooked. It has many similarities with allergic broncho-pulmonary aspergillosis and is treated by surgical debridement and aeration with or without cortico steroids, either topical or systemic.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1988

Assessment of methods for covalent binding of nucleic acids to magnetic beads, Dynabeads, and the characteristics of the bound nucleic acids in hybridization reactions.

Dynabeads are magnetic monosized beads with high stability, high uniformity, unique paramagnetic properties, low particle-particle interaction, and high dispersibility. Different reactive groups; hydroxyl, carboxyl and amino groups can be attached to the surface. Several methods for covalent attachment of DNA or oligonucleotides to the beads were investigated. Best coupling yields were obtained by carbodiimide-mediated end-attachment of 5'-phosphate and 5'-NH2 modified nucleic acids to respectively amino and carboxyl beads. The carboxyl beads showed a low degree of non-specific binding, while a better yield of end-attached nucleic acids was obtained using the amino beads. The DNA-beads worked efficiently in hybridization experiments, and the kinetics of hybridization approach those of solution hybridization.

Chemical Phenomena↗

PubMed1988

Upper respiratory tract involvement in sarcoidosis and its management.

Of some 750 sarcoidosis patients, 27 were found to have involvement of their nasal mucosa. Most had multisystem disease, which was usually chronic. Nasal stuffiness or blockage and crusting were the major symptoms, and were usually present at the first presentation with sarcoidosis. The larynx was involved in five cases. The Kveim test was positive in twelve of the fourteen patients in whom it was performed, serum angiotensin converting enzyme was frequently elevated and sinus radiographs were often abnormal. Topical medication improved symptoms in some patients, but the majority required systemic corticosteroids. It was possible to withdraw medication completely after seven years in only one patient. Relapse was encountered during reduction of dosage in other patients. Random biopsy of macroscopically normal nasal mucosa did not yield histological support for a diagnosis of sarcoidosis in twelve out of thirteen patients, but upper respiratory tract lymphoid tissue may contain granulomas in patients with sarcoidosis.

Adenoids↗

PubMed1987

Susceptibility of Campylobacter jejuni and Yersinia enterocolitica to UV radiation.

Two enteric pathogens, Campylobacter jejuni and Yersinia enterocolitica serogroup O:3, together with Escherichia coli, were investigated for susceptibility to UV radiation at 254 nm. The UV dose required for a 3-log reduction (99.9% inactivation) of C. jejuni, Y. enterocolitica, and E. coli was 1.8, 2.7, and 5.0 mWs/cm2, respectively. Using E. coli as the basis for comparison, it appears that C. jejuni and Y. enterocolitica serogroup O:3 are more sensitive to UV than many of the pathogens associated with waterborne disease outbreaks and can be easily inactivated in most commercially available UV reactors. No association was found between the sensitivity of Y. enterocolitica to UV and the presence of a 40- to 50-megadalton virulence plasmid.

Campylobacter fetus↗

PubMed1984

Plasma lipid and apolipoprotein profiles of women with two types of peripheral arterial disease.

The purpose of this study was to establish whether women with peripheral arterial disease can be distinguished from controls on the basis of plasma lipid and apolipoprotein profiles. One group of patients with peripheral arterial disease (n = 20) was characterized by a localized aortic stenosis referred to as the 'small aorta syndrome' (SAS). The other group of patients with peripheral arterial disease (n = 23) had a diffuse segmental pattern of stenoses referred to as the 'stenosing peripheral arterial disease' (SPAD). After correcting for the effects of age and body mass index, the SAS group had elevated plasma total cholesterol (TC) levels when compared to normal controls (P less than or equal to 0.008), while the SPAD group had triacylglycerol (TG) levels different from controls (P = 0.02). Both groups of patients were characterized by reduced levels of apolipoprotein A-I (P less than or equal to 0.04) and increased levels of apolipoprotein C-III (P less than or equal to 0.002). Apolipoproteins B and E were also elevated in both groups of patients but not significantly. Mutivariate analyses indicated that the A-I/C-III ratio correctly discriminated 97.8% of the SAS and the A-I/C-III ratio plus A-I discriminated 89.8% of the SPAD patient from the controls. In addition, multivariate analyses showed that the variables age, TC/Apo B, Apo B/C-III and TG/C-III discriminated SPAD from SAS patients with a correct classification of 93.2%. Results of this study showed that the measurement of apolipoproteins A-I, B and C-III in conjunction with TC and TG is of potential use for differentiating patients with peripheral arterial disease from normal controls as well as for distinguishing patients with SAS from those with SPAD. It seems that particular patterns of peripheral arterial disease in women may be associated with slightly different alterations in the plasma lipoprotein system.

Adult↗

PubMed1984

Isolates of Neisseria meningitidis from different sites in the same patient: phenotypic and genomic studies, with special reference to adherence, piliation, and DNA restriction endonuclease pattern.

Neisseria meningitidis was isolated from the throat, blood, and cerebrospinal fluid of six patients and from the throat and blood of two patients. All 22 isolates were of serogroup B, serotype 15, and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis type IV. Isolates from a single patient always possessed identical DNA restriction endonuclease patterns; this observation strongly suggested genomic identity. In spite of this apparent genomic identity, however, significant differences in piliation and adherence were observed among isolates from different sites in the same patient. Isolates from the throat were significantly more piliated (P less than .001) and adhered to human buccal epithelial cells in vitro in significantly higher numbers (P less than .001) than did isolates from the blood and the cerebrospinal fluid of the same patient. These results indicate that phase shift occurs in N. meningitidis in vivo.

Adhesiveness↗

PubMed1984

Differentiation of B15 strains of Neisseria meningitidis by DNA restriction endonuclease fingerprinting.

The restriction endonuclease fingerprinting technique was applied to meningococcal DNA in an attempt to identify individual strains of Neisseria meningitidis B15 (serogroup B, serotype 15), which causes approximately 90% of cases of meningococcal disease in northern Norway. Thirty representative strains (10 each from asymptomatic pharyngeal carriers, patients with septicemia, and patients with meningitis) were investigated with the restriction endonucleases Hind III and Eco RI. The 10 carrier strains showed a remarkable heterogeneity of fingerprints that rendered each strain easily distinguishable from the others. The 10 strains from the blood and the 10 from the cerebrospinal fluid showed similar but not identical restriction patterns. The results obtained with the two endonucleases were in perfect agreement. Our data suggest that a large number of different B15 clones are present in the population of northern Norway, but that only one single clone causes invasive meningococcal disease.

Carrier State↗

PubMed1984

Applications of restriction endonuclease fingerprinting of chromosomal DNA of Neisseria meningitidis.

Restriction endonucleases are bacterial enzymes that cleave DNA at specific sites. The resulting DNA fragments may be separated electrophoretically in gel to form specific restriction patterns. In the present study, the restriction endonuclease method was successfully adapted to the analysis of the chromosomal DNA of Neisseria meningitidis. The endonucleases HindIII and EcoRI provided optimal restriction patterns of ca. 50 well-separated lines. The pattern of each bacterial isolate was characteristic, stable, and reproducible. Despite some general similarity, the restriction patterns of the closely related B15 meningococci were surprisingly heterogeneous.

Carrier State↗

PubMed1983

Benign conditions of the temporomandibular joint: a diagnostic dilemma.

The diagnosis of certain benign conditions affecting the condyle in the temporomandibular joint can be difficult. A spectrum of osteomas, condylar hyperplasia and synovial chondromatosis can all present the same clinical and radiological picture, while the histological appearance may be difficult to interpret and are often misleading. Trauma, local infection or surgery may play a part in the development of these pathologies. A case is reported which clearly illustrates the difficulties of diagnosis of these benign conditions.

Aged↗

PubMed1982