PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

V Mondain

Publications and source records attributed to V Mondain.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

[Aseptic adenitis in pyoderma gangrenosum].

INTRODUCTION: Extra-cutaneous manifestations of neutrophilic dermatosis are rare. Symptomatic cases are usually multiform and confusing. We report a case with an aseptic lymph node abscess associated with pyoderma gangrenosum. CASE REPORT: A 28-year-old woman with past history of pyoderma gangrenosum was seen for abdominal symptoms and fever related to an epigastric mass. Due to signs indicating abscess formation, surgery was performed and led to total regression of the symptomatology. Recurrence was evidenced 3 months later with skin lesions which were negative on bacteriological examinations. The diagnosis of lymph node manifestations of pyoderma gangrenosum was retained. General corticotherapy was very effective. Relapse occurred again 6 years later and was treated with thalidomide. DISCUSSION: Lymph node involvement has been described in Sneddon-Wilkinson's disease associated with pyoderma gangrenosum. In neutrophilic dermatosis, pulmonary manifestations appear to be the least exceptional of the extra-cutaneous lesions. The pathophysiology has not been elucidated although recent hypotheses suggest that G-CSF could be involved. Corticotherapy is remarkably effective in most cases but thalidomide could be an interesting alternative treatment.

Abdominal Pain↗
PubMed1994

[Acute toxoplasmic pancreatitis. An unusual cause of death in AIDS].

We report a case of an acute toxoplasmic pancreatitis that led to the death of an AIDS patient. Aetiological diagnosis was performed by the post mortem histological examination. On haematein-eosin staining, toxoplasmic cysts and pseudocysts were noted in the pancreatic acini. Immunohistochemical study using anti-Toxoplasma gondii polyclonal antibodies showed free parasitic forms or tachyzoites in the necrotic areas. Toxoplasmic cysts without any inflammatory reaction were observed in the lungs. In the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, involvement of the pancreas by toxoplasmosis is very rare and associated with a multivisceral dissemination. Even if this diagnosis is exceptional, acute toxoplasmic pancreatitis must be considered in an AIDS patient when the other causes of pancreatitis, as drugs or infectious diseases, have been eliminated.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMed1993

Effects of subinhibitory concentrations of vancomycin and teicoplanin on adherence of staphylococci to tissue culture plates.

Bacterial adhesion is the first step in infection of medical devices. Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis are the pathogens recovered most often. The effects of subinhibitory concentrations of vancomycin and teicoplanin on the adherence of eight clinical strains of S. aureus and eight strains of S. epidermidis to tissue culture plates in vitro were tested. The mean relative inhibitions of adherence at one-fourth and one-eighth the MIC were statistically different for teicoplanin and vancomycin. Slime production seemed not to be involved in adherence.

Bacterial Adhesion↗
PubMed1993

Pharmacokinetic and bacteriological study of cefadroxil-salicylate and josamycin-salicylate drug regimens.

Eye, nose, throat and bronchopulmonary infections are frequently associated with inflammatory symptoms. This often leads the clinician to prescribe a combination of an anti-inflammatory and an antibiotic. Cefadroxil and josamycin are among the antibiotics most frequently used in these infections, and they are often combined with acetylsalicylic acid in various pharmaceutical formulations. The study of possible pharmacokinetic and bacteriological interactions was performed in healthy volunteers who received in a crossover protocol each of the two antibiotics, either alone or combined with acetylsalicylic acid or lysine acetylsalicylate. No marked pharmacokinetic interaction was noted except an increase in the AUC for plasma concentrations of cefadroxil when combined with a salicylate. A greater uniformity of kinetic profiles was seen with cefadroxil than with josamycin. Lastly, with the exception of one strain, the salicylates did not alter the antibacterial activity of cefadroxil.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Effect of subinhibitory concentrations of cefamandole and cefuroxime on adherence of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis to polystyrene culture plates.

The ability of cefamandole and cefuroxime to inhibit adherence of staphylococci to polystyrene culture plates was tested in an in vitro assay using eight strains each of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis. The results indicated that subinhibitory concentrations of cefamandole and cefuroxime altered the adherence ability of both staphylococcal species, inhibition of adherence being more marked in the presence of cefamandole. It may be important to consider antiadherence properties in association with bactericidal activity when selecting agents for antibiotic prophylaxis.

Bacterial Adhesion↗
PubMed1992

Efficacy of subinhibitory concentration of pefloxacin in preventing experimental Staphylococcus aureus foreign body infection in mice.

Adhesion is the first step leading to colonization and infection of a foreign body (FBI). To assess the ability of a subinhibitory concentration (subMIC) of pefloxacin (P) to prevent such infection, an experimental model was developed in Swiss albino mice. Subcuts of polyurethane catheters (Vygon) were placed in the peritoneal cavity of animals and 24 hours later, different inocula of an adherent strain of Staphylococcus aureus (SA) (MIC of P:0.8 mg/l) were injected i.p. Unexposed SA served as controls. Two days later the removed catheters, blood and spleen specimens were quantitatively cultured for bacterial content and identity. Infection was defined as more than 10 CFU/ml of SA recovered. Significant protection of mice, with lower dissemination, was found with inoculum sizes of 10(5) and 10(6). These results suggest that subMICs of P may confer protection against foreign body infection.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

[Bactericide activity of cefadroxil comparated with amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, cefaclor and josamycin].

Betalactamase-producing organisms are responsible for an increasing number of ENT and lower respiratory tract infections. Or cephalosporins and the combination of amoxicillin with the beta-lactamase inhibitor clavulanic acid are alternatives to ampicillin therapy. The killing activity of cefadroxil on the organisms most often responsible for ENT and respiratory infections was evaluated in vitro using a viable bacteria count method, comparatively with cefaclor, josamycin, and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid. Killing activity was found to be time-dependent for all the antimicrobial agents studied. Cefadroxil exhibited the same bactericidal effect on Streptococcus pyogenes and S. pneumoniae than the other agents. Haemophilus influenzae and an increasing number of Pneumococcus strains were resistant to josamycin which is therefore not appropriate for first-line therapy. As compared with amoxicillin and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, cefadroxil was less active on H. influenzae and more active on Staphylococcus aureus. Production of beta-lactamase failed to influence the killing activity of cefadroxil. These bacteriologic data, together with results of pharmacologic studies (long half-life and good penetration within tissues) can explain the clinical successes obtained with cefadroxil in ENT and lower respiratory tract infections.

Amoxicillin↗
PubMed1991

[Bactericidal effect of cefadroxil, amoxicillin alone or in combination with clavulanic acid in sera of healthy volunteers].

Determination of minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) provides data on the susceptibility or resistance of a bacteria; however, in susceptible bacteria this parameter is not predictive of effectiveness of the antimicrobial agent. Bactericidal activities of cefadroxil, of amoxicillin, and of the amoxicillin-clavulanic acid combination on bacteria commonly found in ENT and lower respiratory tract disease were studied comparatively. The antibiotics were given by the oral route to six healthy volunteers. With beta-lactamase-producing and non-beta-lactamase-producing strains of Escherichia coli, amoxicillin produced MICs consistent with susceptibility but failed to exhibit a bactericidal effect, whereas cefadroxil was bactericidal. Combination of amoxicillin with an inhibitor did not modify this activity on E. coli and failed to produce a bactericidal effect on Klebsiella pneumoniae similar to that seen with cefadroxil. Amoxicillin with and without clavulanic acid exhibited comparable effectiveness on Streptococcus pyogenes and S. Pneumoniae. The bactericidal effect of cefadroxil on S. pneumoniae was of similar magnitude but shorter duration than that of amoxicillin. Cefadroxil and the amoxicillin-clavulanic acid combination had similar bactericidal effects against Staphylococcus aureus. These antibiotics exhibited a time-dependent effect on Gram positive microorganisms. These pharmacodynamic data, together with measures of bactericidal activity, may be very helpful for selecting the appropriate antibiotic and dosage.

Amoxicillin↗
PubMed1991

[Effect of fibronectin on the adhesion of staphylococci and interaction with pefloxacin's anti-adherence properties].

Fibronectin (Fn) is recognized for its ability to mediate Staphylococcus aureus (SA) adhesion. The number of Fn receptors is dependent on the phase of growth, and type of media. Furthermore, it was of interest to examine SA and Staphylococcus epidermidis (SE) adherence to porcine Fn (IBF 10 ng/ml) immobilized on tissue culture plates. The aim of our study was to examine if removal of FN receptors by growing bacteria in an antibiotic containing medium decreased the ability to adhere and of pefloxacin (P) anti-adhesive properties were medium dependent. As SE usually lack Fn binding capabilities, it seemed of interest to investigate if the effects of subinhibitory concentrations of P were modified by medium or Fn. We found: a) For SA: whether Fn coated onto plastic substrata promoted adherence of strains, P's anti-adhesive properties were saved, non medium or phase of growth dependent. b) For SE: adherence properties were decreased if Fn was coated onto plates. P's anti-adhesive properties were not modified and non medium dependent. The number of Fn receptors on clinical isolates of SA correlates with the invasiveness of the isolates. As P reduced the binding of SA to Fn coated plates, this observation may have important implications for antimicrobial prophylaxis.

Bacterial Adhesion↗
PubMed1990

Pefloxacin in the treatment of bone infections associated with foreign material.

Thirteen patients with bone infection caused by Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Serratia marcescens or Escherichia coli in association with implanted foreign material were treated with pefloxacin 400 mg 12-hourly for up to six months. Satisfactory results, with fistula closure and eradication of the infecting bacteria, were achieved in nine patients, who have been followed up for four to seven years. Treatment failed in two patients, with re-isolation of the infecting bacteria (P. aeruginosa; Ser. marcescens) which showed reduced sensitivity to pefloxacin. Primary failure (failure to close of the fistula and re-isolation of bacteria sensitive to pefloxacin) occurred in one patient, who achieved a satisfactory result later after removal of foreign material. Relapse after treatment occurred in one patient. Eight patients suffered migrating arthralgia (without signs of arthritis) but this did not interfere with the treatment, which was generally well tolerated.

Bone and Bones↗