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Biomedical subjects

V Romano

Publications and source records attributed to V Romano.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Lateral thermal damage along pulsed laser incisions.

The damage adjacent to incisions created in dorsal mouse skin by overlapping Er3+ and CO2 laser pulses of a duration of 250 microseconds is investigated histologically. It is compared to injuries induced by long-term heating. We demonstrate how the lateral thermal damage near the laser cuts can be explained by heat conduction. We show that it is necessary to introduce as a heat reservoir a layer of tissue that has been liquified during the cutting process. The width of the thermally damaged region depends mainly on the extension of the liquid material that remains in the cut after the laser-tissue interaction.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[Anesthesia, awareness and wakefulness].

Drugs used in anesthesia do not always produce the expected neurophysiological results. By studying those cases in which the reappearance of intraoperative awareness is most common, an attempt was made to estimate how many and which levels of cerebral function could be identified. Four levels were recognised: awareness with or without memory, and wakefulness with or without dreams. These conditions are related to greater or lesser cortical activity. They can be identified using Tunstall's technique and by carefully interviewing the patient immediately after the operation.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Measurement of benzene in the urban area of Naples].

The aim of this study is to determine the occurrence of benzene in the air of the city of Naples. A simplified gas-chromatographic method that is sensitive and provides accurate measurements of ambient concentration of benzene has been used. In the centre of Naples the concentration of hydrocarbons depends strongly upon vehicle exhaust.

Air Pollutants↗
PubMed1989

[Is it useful to ask questions to assess the strength of urination flow?].

In order to determine the value of the interview conducted to assess the micturitional stream of our patients, we compared in 200 cases what the patients said about their micturition against their maximum flow rate (QMx). We demonstrated that 79% of those who said they voided with a "bad stream" had QMx less than or equal to 10 ml/sec. Only 65% of those who said they voided with a "good stream" had a QMx less than or equal to 15 ml/sec. Of those with QMx less than or equal to 10 ml/sec. (73 patients), only 15% had reported a "bad stream". Thus, we believe it is not reliable and of little interest to ask our patients about the strength of their micturitional stream. It would only be useful in those who reported a "bad voiding". To our knowledge, this is the first study that documents the discrepancy between data from the interview and the maximum flow rate.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Potentiation by phenolphthalein of the responses of guinea-pig ileum and rat stomach strip to PGE2 and other agonists.

Phenolphthalein was examined for its effect on the activity of isolated muscle (guinea-pig ileum and colon, rat stomach), and on the tissue responses to PGE2, histamine and 5-HT. The ileal circular muscle and both muscle layers of the colon were unaffected by phenolphthalein. In contrast, the laxative potentiated the responses of the longitudinal muscle of guinea-pig isolated ileum and the rat stomach strip to the agonists, particularly PGE2. This potentiation was reduced by indomethacin in vivo, but mepyramine or methysergide had little or no effect. Augmentation of muscle activity by phenolphthalein, particularly in the response to PGE2, may contribute to the laxative effect.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Transport of biologically active material in laser cutting.

The transport of biologically active material during laser cutting with CO2 and Er lasers is demonstrated. This transport mechanism removes particles from the surface of gelatin, agar, and liver samples into the depth of the laser-formed craters. The transport phenomenon is explained by a contraction and condensation of enclosed hot water vapor. We show by cultivating transported bacteria in agar that biological particles can survive the shock of the transport. Determination of the numbers of active cells evidences a more pronounced activity of the cultivated bacteria after impact with an Er laser than with a CO2 laser.

Agar↗
PubMed1988

Chromosomal assignments of human type I and type II cytokeratin genes to different chromosomes.

The chromosomal location of representative members of the type I and type II subfamilies of the cytokeratin multigene family was determined using specific cDNA probes in Southern blot hybridization with DNA from somatic cell hybrids. Our results show that the gene encoding human type II cytokeratin 4 resides on chromosome 12 and that encoding type I cytokeratin 15 is located on chromosome 17. The results indicate that cytokeratins are not concentrated in only one cluster. The possibility of the existence of separate type I and type II cytokeratin gene clusters is discussed.

Blotting, Southern↗
PubMed1987

Nebulin and titin expression in Duchenne muscular dystrophy appears normal.

Monoclonal antibodies which recognize different epitopes on either titin or nebulin show normal staining patterns on frozen sections of three muscle biopsies of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). Gel electrophoresis and immunoblotting performed on two of these muscle biopsies show the normal pattern of titin and nebulin polypeptides. Since the donor of one of these biopsies has a large deletion of the 5'-region of the DMD gene, our results argue against the recent proposal that nebulin is the gene mutated in DMD.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1986

Cytokeratin expression in simple epithelia. III. Detection of mRNAs encoding human cytokeratins nos. 8 and 18 in normal and tumor cells by hybridization with cDNA sequences in vitro and in situ.

We describe cDNA clones of mRNAs encoding human cytokeratins nos. 8 and 18, and the amino acid sequences deduced from their nucleotide sequences. Human cytokeratin no. 8 is a typical cytokeratin of the basic (type II) subfamily, which is highly homologous to the corresponding bovine and amphibian (Xenopus laevis) proteins; however, unlike the amphibian protein, it does not contain glycine-rich oligopeptide repeats in its carboxyterminal 'tail' domain. Comparison with the reported amino acid sequences of two fragments of human 'tissue polypeptide antigen' (TPA), a widely used serodiagnostic carcinoma marker, revealed sequence identity, indicating that this serum component is derived from the intracellular cytokeratin no. 8 present in diverse kinds of epithelia and epithelium-derived tumors. Human cytokeratin no. 18 is very similar to the corresponding murine protein but contains two additional blocks of 4 and 5 amino acids in the 'head' portion. These cDNA clones and the RNA probes derived therefrom were used to detect specifically mRNAs by Northern-blot assays of RNAs from various carcinomas and cultured carcinoma cells. Using in situ hybridization on frozen sections of tumor-containing tissues, notably lymph nodes containing metastatic breast carcinoma, we were able to demonstrate the specificity and sensitivity of this procedure. The potential value for cell-biological research and pathology of being able to detect a mRNA encoding a given cytokeratin polypeptide in situ is discussed.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1986

Cytokeratin expression in simple epithelia. I. Identification of mRNA coding for human cytokeratin no. 18 by a cDNA clone.

To study the regulation of the expression of cytokeratins characteristic of simple epithelia, i.e., human cytokeratins nos. 7, 8, 18, and 19, we prepared several cDNA clones coding for these proteins and their bovine counterparts. In the present study, we describe a cDNA clone of the mRNA coding for human cytokeratin no. 18, which was isolated from an expression library using the monoclonal antibody, KG 8.13. This clone (756 nucleotides, excluding the polyA portion), encodes approximately one-half of the mRNA (approximately 1.4 kb), identifies one mRNA band in Northern-hybridization blots, and specifically selects one mRNA species coding for cytokeratin no. 18, as demonstrated by translation in vitro. Comparison of the deduced amino acid sequence--confirmed by direct amino-acid-sequence analyses of some polypeptide fragments produced by cleavage with cyanogen bromide--indicated that cytokeratin no. 18 is a member of the acidic (type I) subfamily of cytokeratins. It has only limited sequence homologies in common with other intermediate-sized filament proteins, and these are essentially restricted to certain domains of the alpha-helical rod portion. The carboxyterminal tail sequence does not contain glycine-rich elements, thus distinguishing this cytokeratin from those acidic (type I) cytokeratins that are characterized by this feature. The similarities and differences between cytokeratin no. 18 and previously described epidermal cytokeratins are discussed in relation to the differences in the stability of the complexes which this cytokeratin forms with basic (type II) cytokeratins, as well as in relation to possible functional differences of cytokeratins in simple and stratified epithelia.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1986

Laxatives and the production of autacoids by rat colon.

The effects of some laxatives were examined on the formation of histamine, 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and prostaglandin-like material (PG-LM) by rat intestine in-vitro. Castor oil, senna, sulphosuccinate and bisacodyl, but not mannitol or lactulose, in doses that cause laxation, increased the formation of histamine, 5-HT and PG-LM. Indomethacin or hydrocortisone reduced the increase of PG-LM formation. The data support the idea that the laxative effects of these intestinal secretagogues are due to increased intestinal production of PG-LM, histamine and 5-HT.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Cloning and sequencing of a full length cDNA coding for a human apoferritin H chain: evidence for a multigene family.

We have cloned a segment of cDNA from human liver coding for an apoferritin subunit, probably an H chain. Sequence comparison with the available protein sequence shows that our clone corresponds to a ferritin subunit present as a minor species in human spleen and placenta, but as major species in HeLa cells. Northern blot analysis shows the existence of only one band of similar size in human liver, HeLa cells, Daudi lymphoma and Hep3B hepatoma cell lines. In contrast, Southern blot analysis provides evidence for a multigene family.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1983

Cloning and sequencing of a full length cDNA coding for human retinol-binding protein.

We have isolated and sequenced a cDNA clone coding for human Retinol Binding Protein. The sequence indicates that Retinol Binding Protein is synthesized as a single polypeptide chain precursor which is then matured to the secreted protein by removal of a leader peptide. Southern and Northern blot analysis suggest that the gene is present in one or few copies per haploid genome and is transcribed in a single mRNA species.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1983

Sequence of human haptoglobin cDNA: evidence that the alpha and beta subunits are coded by the same mRNA.

We have isolated and sequenced a cDNA clone coding for human haptoglobin. Our sequence shows that haptoglobin is very likely synthesized as a single polypeptide chain which is then cleaved at an Arg residue to generate its two characteristic alpha and beta subunit. Southern blot analysis suggests that there are at least two copies of the haptoglobin gene per haploid genome.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1982

Molecular parasitism in the Escherichia coli-Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus system: translocation of the matrix protein from the host to the parasite outer membrane.

During the intracellular maturation in Escherichia coli of the parasite Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus the outer membrane, major protein I of E. coli (i.e., the matrix protein) becomes associated with the outer membrane of the emerging parasite cells. The binding properties of this protein with the outer membrane of the host and of the parasite are identical. An analogous phenomenon also occurs during Bdellovibrio parasitism on Klebsiella pneumoniae and on Salmonella typhimurium. Possible roles for this scavenging action of Bdellovibrio, and similar phenomena in other parasitic systems, are discussed.

Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins↗