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Biomedical subjects

V S Shashkov

Publications and source records attributed to V S Shashkov.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

[An experimental validation of pharmacological agents to arrest the vestibulo-autonomic syndrome (motion sickness)].

The results of development and experimental evaluation of the efficiency of pharmacological means of cupping the vestibulo-vegetative syndrome in man are presented. A model and procedure of evaluation of pharmacological cupping of the Vestibulo-vegetative syndrome are developed. The intramuscular injection of the mixture containing ephedrine, promethazine hydrochloride and strychnine (25, 50, and 1 mg, respectively) appeared most effective.

Coriolis Force↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Effectiveness of pharmacological preparations in physical exertion].

The effect of some drugs used as stimulants of physical performance was measured. The effectiveness was assessed in animals (mice) by means of the Kiplinger swimming procedure and in humans with the aid of the PWC170 test and physiological parameters (respiration rate, pulse rate, oxygen consumption, oxyhemogram, blood flow rate, rate of oxygen consumption by skin -- Epstein constant). Ephedrine, strychnine, indocete and eleuterococcus were used as stimulants. In animal and human experiments the best results were obtained from the use of an ephedrine-strychnine mixture; the dose for mice -- 0,03 and 0.01 mg/kg, for men -- 0.3 and 0.0015 mg/kg twice a day per os for 10-15 days.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Hemodynamic status of man in a graded orthostatic test].

Fourteen volunteers were exposed to a graded orthostatic test by a passive tilt from the horizontal position (0 degree) to an orthostatic posture (70 degrees) with intermediate angles of 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 degrees. Each position was maintained for 5 min. At the end of each step ECG, the first derivative of impedance cardiogram and auscultative blood pressure were registered. Stroke volume, cardiac output, Q-Z interval, thoracic impedance and diastole-systolic coefficient of impedance cardiogram (the parameter of pre-loading) were most markedly changed at the beginning of the test, when the tilt angle was less than 30 degrees. Its further increase was associated with moderate changes of the mentioned parameters. Diastolic arterial pressure began growing significantly from the tilt angle of 10 degrees and the cardiac rhythm became significantly more frequent starting from 30 degrees. Thus, the set of parameters registered becomes more informative if the test is performed in a graded manner since in this case it is possible to evaluate the order and magnitude of passive and active hemodynamic changes, and on the basis of their comparison to assess the adequacy of compensatory circulatory responses to orthostatic exposure.

Blood Pressure↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The effect of diphosphonates on the metabolism of calcium, its regulation and the state of the bone tissue in the modelling of the physiological effects of weightlessness].

The diphosphonates AMOA and OEDP had a positive action on calcium metabolism and regulation and the osseous tissue in tilt-suspension and hypokinetic Wistar rats in 40-60-day experiments. During special regimens of physical training, ksidifon (OEDP) produced preventive effects on calcium metabolism and renal calciuretic function in man during 120-day antiorthostatic hypokinesia and the agent may be recommended for prevention of alterations in mineral metabolism and osseous tissue at long-term bed rest.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Sensitivity of animals to central nervous system stimulants in hypokinesia].

The experiments were carried out on 1150 non-inbred white male rats weighing 200+/-50 g. The animals were housed in small cages for 1, 5, 10, 15, 30, 45 and 60 days. Control rats remained normally active. The experimental and control animals were given a typical diet. On the above days the rats were injected intraperitoneally with central nervous stimulants--caffeine, phenamine and strychnine. Changes in the animal sensitivity to the stimulants were measured with respect to the alterating of LD16, LD50 and LD54 in test animals as compared with the controls and in regards to the emergence and duration of behavioural reactions: adynamics (caffeine), stereotype behavior (phenamine) and convulsions (strychnine). The greatest changes in the animal sensitivity were noted in response to phenamine. A significant increase in the sensitivity to caffeine was found on the 5, 15 and 45th experimental days and to strychnine only on the 5 and 45th days. Convulsions in response to strychnine were recorded in experimental animals earlier than in the controls and their duration was dependent on the doses injected. Adynamics in response to caffeine developed in experimental rats later than in the controls (on the 15th day) and its duration changed cyclically. Stereotype behavior in response to phenamine showed cyclic pattern and its duration in experimental rats was shorter than in the controls.

Amphetamine↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Neuroendocrine factors in pathogenesis of motion sickness and the protective effect of drugs].

The paper presents a generalization of many-year complex investigations performed at various departments of the Institute of Medico-Biological Problems (Moscow) and various laboratories and institutes of the Ministry of Public Health and the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, devoted to the pathogenesis of motion disease (sea sickness, vestibulo vegetative syndrome, various forms of kinetosis). The main attention is given to interpretation of the mechanisms of therapeutic and prophylactic action of drugs used for the treatment of such disorders. In particular, the role of a hormonal component of the system of regulation of physiological functions is considered as manifested in the models of the vestibulovegetative syndrome and in the pharmacotherapy of the motion disease.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Ultrasonographic evaluation of the venous tone in humans in the clinical pharmacology of venotropic drugs].

A new ultrasonographic method of evaluation of the venous tone in humans is described and experimentally justified. The method is based on the principles of venous occlusion plethysmograhy and ultrasonographic two-dimensional imaging of the cross section of cubital veins. It is found that an increment of the cross-sectional area of the vein is correlated with a change in the volume of distal segment of the upper extremity according to the data of aqueous plethysmography. The tests with nitroglycerin and dihydroergotamine (vasoactive drugs producing opposite effects upon the venous tone) confirmed the possibility of using this technique in the clinical pharmacology of venotropic drugs.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Phlebohemodynamics in the femoral vein and postcava during a voluntary quick single contraction of shin muscles in supine and standing humans].

Effects of a voluntary single quick shin contraction on quantitative parameters of the venous outflow in the femoral vein and postcava were investigated in 65 normal males and females with the Doppler ultrasonic and duplex blood pool scanning techniques. Measured were linear spontaneous blood flow, mean linear and peak velocites of the transport of blood after the muscle contraction, baseline linear cross sections of the femoral vein and postcava cross section, and their extension in the course of mobilized blood evacuation. Based on these measurements calculated were weight power space velocities of the spontaneous blood flow and volumes of mobilized venous blood The investigations were made in supine and standing subjects. According to our data, hemodynamic productivity of the muscle contraction in vertical subjects was much higher than in horizontal with the peak and mean linear blood evacuation outrunning the mean spontaneous outflow from the femoral vein in 25.7 and 10.3 times, respectively. Besides, the weight power space velocity of the contraction-induced outflow exceeded that of the spontaneous blood flow 12.5 times. Simultaneous contraction of the muscles on both legs increased four times the weight power space velocity in the subdiaphragmatic part of the postcava.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Antistressor and analgesic effects of mexidol, diazepam, paracetamol, and their combinations].

Mexidol (100 and 200 mg/kg) and diazepam (1 and 2 mg/kg) exhibit a dose-dependent antistressor effect in the pain expectation stress test in rats (conditional emotional reflex). The effect is manifested by the normalization of both motor and somatovegetative characteristics. Paracetamol in a dose of 50 and 100 mg/kg does not possess antistressor properties. Both mexidol and paracetamol increase the threshold of pain sensitivity in the test with electric stimulation of tail in rats. Diazepam does not reduce the pain threshold in this test. The combined administration of mexidol or diazepam with paracetamol does not change the antistressor effect as compared to that of each drug alone. Mexidol, but not diazepam, enhances the effect of paracetamol on the pain threshold.

Acetaminophen↗