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Biomedical subjects

V S Shashkov

Publications and source records attributed to V S Shashkov.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

[The pharmacological regulation of physiological functions in space medicine].

There are considered the physiological systems of the body which are the most sensitive to the action of weightlessness and are subject to pharmacological correction at different stages of a space flight. Particular emphasis is given to the development and practical use of the cardiovascular drugs, the agents for prevention of movement disease and also the agents influencing the metabolic processes and mineral saturation of the bony tissue. The possibility of using the drugs intended for the application during space flights and in medical practice is emphasized.

Aerospace Medicine↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The problems of the experimental and clinical pharmacology of vein-tonicizing agents].

General regularities of changes in the regional venous and systemic hemodynamics under the influence of venotropic drugs are considered. Particular emphasis is given to problems of pharmacodynamics of venotropic agents. The mechanisms of their action, similarity and differences in phlebohemodynamic effects, problems of clinical use and also prospects of the further research on pharmacology of venotropic agents are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Neuropharmacology of the autonomic vestibular syndrome].

It was found during studies on man and experiments on animals that various neuromediator systems of the organism (M-cholinergic, H1-histaminergic, dopaminergic, and opioidergic) are involved in the genesis of VVS. In addition, animal experiments showed that of great importance in the process are different regulatory peptides, in particular, substance P and beta-endorphin. The findings indicate that some neuropeptides may be used in the future in man for VVS prevention. At neuronal level the role of opioid peptides in realization of vestibulovegetative reactions is decoded and a number of possible mechanisms of their action is established. The study of the human hormonal status in VVS revealed complex neuroendocrine changes occurring in the organism. Based on the knowledge of some neurohormonal and neurochemical mechanisms of VVS pathogenesis, a new drug prevention and therapy of seasickness was proposed, efficacy of opioid antagonists naloxone and nalorphine was shown.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Influence of piracetam on the effects of narcotic analgesics and opioid peptides].

Piracetam possesses some properties not related to the nootropic activity. The purpose of the work was to study piracetam influence on effects of narcotic analgesics and opioid peptides at intracerebroventricular administration. In experiments on cats it was found that piracetam in a dose-dependent way prevented the emetic effect of morphine and leu-enkephalin. In experiments on rats (tail-flick test) piracetam was shown to be able of blocking the analgesic effect of fentanyl. Experiments on the study of the anticataleptogenic effect of piracetam also showed antagonism between piracetam and agonists of opioid receptors. Thus, it was shown on a number of models that piracetam exhibits antagonistic properties with respect of opioid peptides and narcotic analgesics.

Analgesics, Opioid↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Pharmacologic correction of the effect of cold on man].

The effect of pharmacological stimulants and prescriptions on the thermal status of man and their possible use to extend the exposure to the cold environment were investigated. The effectiveness of the following drugs and prescriptions was assessed: sydnocarb, phenamine, indopan; glutamic acid + lagochilus + ephedrine; sydnocarb + glutamic acid (sydnogluton); ephedrine + glutamic acid + strychnine. The test subjects were kept in air (in a thermal chamber) at -20 degrees C or in water at 0 to 2.5 degrees C (resting or swimming). The most effective treatment was provided by sydnocarb (effective doses were 10 mg X 2 or 30 mg X 5 in air or water, respectively) and sydnogluton (sydnocarb 30 mg + glutamic acid 0.25 g X 5 in cold water). When compared to placebo, sydnocarb (or sydnogluton) assured better thermal parameters of the body in cold water and longer (by 2-6 hrs) exposure which increased to 20 hrs.

Amphetamine↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Role of opioid peptides in the pathogenesis of vestibulo-autonomic disorders].

The study was carried out using 12 noninbred male cats and 14 white rats. In response to vestibulo-autonomic disorders the rats showed a decrease of beta-endorphin in the midbrain, medulla oblongata and hypothalamus as well as a reduction of met-enkephalin in the hypothalamus and medulla oblongata. The concentration of met-enkephalin in the adrenals increased and that of beta-endorphin in blood did not change. This may be attributed to the intraneuronal redistribution of opioids and their transfer to the pituitary or release into the cerebrospinal fluid. Opioid variations give evidence that vestibuloautonomic disorders in rats do not stimulate the pituitary-adrenal system. The cats were exposed to vestibulo-autonomic disorders and subsequent intracerebroventricular administration of regulatory peptides or injection of opiate receptor blockers into the chemoreceptor trigger zone. It was demonstrated that naloxone, gamma-endorphin and des-Tyr-gamma-endorphin were effective in protecting the vestibular function whereas ICI 154, 129 (a selective antagonist of delta-receptors) was practically ineffective.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Status of human hemodynamics during water immersion in different postures of immersion].

Central and peripheral hemodynamics was investigated in 16 essentially healthy volunteers who performed a routine tilt test or a tilt test in water immersion. Unlike tilt tests carried out before water immersion, the supine to up-right transfer in water did not change cardiac rhythm, cardiac output, leg blood flow or other circulation parameters. The fact that there are no posture-related circulation changes in water immersion suggests that the horizontal and upright positions in water can be viewed as hemodynamically similar.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Formation of the compact form of DNA in solution after reaction with spermidine].

The formation of compact particles from double-stranded DNA molecules in water-salt solutions containing spermidine was studied. It has been shown that in solutions of low ionic strength (0.01 M NaCl) DNA-spermidine complexes have the form of large particles which scatter UV-light. Electron micrographs show that such complexes formed at certain molar ratios spermidine/DNA may exist both as intermolecular aggregates and as toroidal particles 1500 A in diameter. The CD spectra of solutions containing DNA-spermidine complexes are characterized by the positive band (delta epsilon max = 10) at 265--270 nm. The appearance of the positive CD band may be caused by two factors: interaction between DNA and spermidine may lead to the alteration of the DNA secondary structure "in direction to A-form" or intermolecular aggregation, which may change the initial shape of the CD spectrum. The exclusion of spermidine molecules from DNA-spermidine complexes by Na+ ions in presence of poly(ethylene glycol) which occurs as the ionic strength increases from 0.01 to 0.3 does not lead to decompactization of DNA molecules but is accompained by the appearance of the intense negative CD band at 270 nm.

Chemical Phenomena↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Problems and prospects for the drug correction of orthostatic tolerance in space medicine].

This paper reviews published data concerning physiological mechanisms of man's orthostatic tolerance and its decline under the influence of space flight factors. The principles, goals and potentialities of drug correction of orthostatic intolerance are presented. The applicability of selected drugs used separately or in combination with traditional countermeasures is discussed.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Effect of pharmacological agents to prevent the motion sickness syndrome on the cardiovascular system in simulating the early period of adaptation to weightlessness].

The application of pharmacological agents, preventing the motion sickness syndrome in modelling the early stages of adaptation to weightlessness by means of 6-hour antiorthostatic influence (-15 degrees), does not exert a negative action on the human cardiovascular system. The given agents normalize partially cerebral circulation, eliminating changes induced by antiorthostatic influence.

Adaptation, Physiological↗