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Biomedical subjects

V V Reddy

Publications and source records attributed to V V Reddy.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Stereotaxic core breast biopsy: value in providing tissue for flow cytometric analysis.

OBJECTIVE: Stereotaxic core biopsy provides intact samples of breast tissue for accurate histologic analysis. We conducted a study to determine if prognostic data could also be successfully derived from such core samples and how the data correlate with surgical biopsy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Both core and surgical breast biopsies from 135 patients were processed under a uniform flow cytometry protocol. Samples were coded and then randomly processed at an outside flow cytometer and interpreted by an independent pathologist; the code was broken and patients' results correlated only after all samples were completely analyzed. RESULTS: Core breast biopsy provides intact tissue that can be successfully processed by a flow cytometer, even after being embedded in paraffin for initial histologic analysis. Larger cores (14 gauge) had fewer insufficient samples, as recorded on ploidy histograms. Although ploidy may reflect the underlying aggressiveness of a lesion and assist in evaluating breast cancer, surgical-pathologic correlation with stereotaxic biopsy indicated, as has been confirmed in other studies, considerable overlap of different ploidy types between benign and malignant conditions. There was no correlation between mammographic presentation and ploidy or S-phase fractions. CONCLUSION: Stereotaxic large-core biopsy can enable accurate histologic diagnosis of breast disease and furnish sufficient tissue for flow cytometric measurements of ploidy and S-phase fractions, even at an interval following paraffinization. Such prognostic information aids in planning of adjuvant therapy, allows flexibility should surgery fail to provide enough tissue for DNA study, and helps radiologists further market stereotaxic biopsy to clinicians.

Biopsy, Needle↗
PubMed1994

An evaluation of pH changes of human dental plaque after oral rinsing of commonly prescribed syrup medications.

The study was carried out on 60 school going children (dft/DMFT 2-5) aged 8-13 years randomly distributed into six age groups of ten subjects each. One group acted as a control in which subjects rinsed with 10% sucrose while in the other five groups, the subjects rinsed with 5 commonly prescribed syrup medications for 10 seconds. Plaque samples were collected before rinsing and at 5,10,20,30 min. intervals post rinsing and plaque pH was measured extraorally. All the 5 groups showed drop in the plaque pH, similar to control group 10% sucrose solution, but not to the extent of critical pH (5.5).

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1994

Evaluation of 2% sodium fluoride iontophoresis as an alternative to lining in Class I cavity preparations--an in vivo study.

The study carried out on 110 permanent teeth in 44 randomly selected patients with age ranging from 8-14 years, to evaluate the efficacy of 2% sodium fluoride iontophoresis as an alternative to cavity lining in Class I preparations. 65 teeth were included in the experimental group (2% sodium fluoride iontophoresis) and 4 teeth in the control group (Zinc phosphate linings). Sensitivity gradings were done on a subjective discomfort scale. From the results, it was found that after cavity preparation, all the teeth (100%) were sensitive to air blast, water jet and probing in varying severity. But after iontophoresis and amalgam restoration the sensitivity reduced to 4.6%. Six months and nine months follow up revealed that all the teeth were vital and asymptomatic.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Pleural effusion in patients with systemic cholesterol embolization.

We evaluated two patients with systemic cholesterol embolization (SCE) associated with the development of pleural effusions. These two patients had evidence of atherosclerosis and presented with livedo reticularis, renal insufficiency, and gangrenous cutaneous changes as manifestations of their SCE. In both cases, closed pleural biopsies demonstrated acute inflammation of the parietal pleura. Our experience with these individuals and a review of the medical literature suggest that pleural injury from atheromatous embolization may occur. Physicians caring for patients with SCE should be aware of the possible association of pleural reactions with this process.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

Prevalence location and patency of accessory canals in primary molars using dye penetration under vacuum suction technique--an in vitro study.

A study conducted on 120 primary molars (30 each of maxillary and mandibular 1st and 2nd molars) to find out the prevalence, location and patency of accessory canals and furcation formina using safranin red dye revealed the presence of accessory canals in 46 teeth (38.33 percent) with the major site being the furcation and furcation region.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1993

In vitro evaluation of micromarginal leakage of three filling systems--an autoradiographic analysis using radio isotope S35 as a tracer.

An in vitro study was carried out on 60 human pre- molar teeth to study the sealing efficacy of Glass Ionomer, Silver amalgam, Composite resin and cavity varnish in Class V cavities. The filled specimens were thermocycled (4 degrees C +/- 2 degrees C and 60 degrees C +/- 2 degrees C) and subjected to Radio Isotope penetration tests. S35 was used as a tracer and autoradiography for detecting the microleakage. The extent of penetration of S35 in case of each material was assessed. No material was found to completely seal the cavity, however, Glass Ionomer could minimise the microleakage. Amalgam restorations exhibited gross microleakage which reduced to a great extent after application of cavity varnish. Composite resin was found to be superior to Silver amalgam in controlling microleakage.

Autoradiography↗
PubMed1992

In vitro evaluation of NaF and APF-gel application on surface microhardness of enamel in children of low, optimum and high fluoride areas.

An in vitro study was conducted on 78 sound human pre-molars collected from low (0.24 ppmF), optimum (0.7 ppmF) and known endemic fluoride areas (> 1.5 ppmF), to study the effects of topical application of sodium fluoride and APF-gel on surface microhardness of enamel of these three areas using Vickers microhardness measurements before and after application of topical fluorides at time intervals of 1/2 an hour, 6 hours and 24 hours. It was found that both the topical fluorides increased the surface microhardness of enamel in the three areas; the maximum increase in surface microhardness was observed in fluorosed teeth. APF-gel was found to be more effective than sodium fluoride.

Acidulated Phosphate Fluoride↗
PubMed1991

Amniotic band syndrome (ABS): report of a case.

Amniotic band syndrome (ABS) is a rare collection of malformations associated with thread-like strands connecting the amnion and any part of the fetus. A case is reported where the constriction rings and amputation of fingers and the cleft lip/cleft palate constituted the main features of this syndrome.

Amniotic Band Syndrome↗
PubMed1991

Hydroxylation of pentamidine by rat liver microsomes.

The antiprotozoal/antifungal drug pentamidine [1,5-bis(4-amidinophenoxy)pentane] has been recently shown to be metabolized by rat liver fractions to at least six putative metabolites as detected by high-performance liquid chromatography. Two minor metabolites have been previously identified as N-hydroxypentamidine and N,N'-dihydroxypentamidine. In this study, the two major microsomal metabolites have been identified as the 2-pentanol and 3-pentanol analogs of pentamidine [1,5-di(4-amidinophenoxy)-2-pentanol; and 1,5-bis(4-amidinophenoxy)-3-pentanol]. As well, a seventh putative metabolite has been discovered and identified as para-hydroxybenzamidine, a fragment of the original drug. Whereas the cytochromes P-450 have been demonstrated as the enzyme system responsible for pentamidine metabolism, hydroxylation of the drug was not inducible by phenobarbital, beta-naphthoflavone, clofibrate, isosafrole, pregnenolone-16 alpha-carbonitrile, ethanol or pentamidine pretreatment of rats. The kinetics of the production of the two major microsomal metabolites has been determined as Km = 56 +/- 19 microM and Vmax = 126 +/- 21 pmol/min/mg microsomal protein for the 2-pentanol analog, and Km = 28 +/- 0.28 microM and Vmax = 195 +/- 2.4 pmol/min/mg microsomal protein for the 3-pentanol analog. Therefore, the mixed-function oxidases readily convert pentamidine to hydroxylated metabolites, but exactly which isozyme(s) of cytochrome P-450 is responsible is not clear.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Novel pentamidine analogs in the treatment of experimental Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia.

We have recently demonstrated that substitution of imidazoline moieties for the amidine groups of pentamidine produces a molecule that is effective against rat Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and that is apparently less toxic than pentamidine. For this reason, 10 novel imidazoline substituted compounds were evaluated for their effect against rat P. carinii pneumonia. While several of the new compounds were observed to have advantages over pentamidine in the treatment of disease in the rat model, only one compound stood out as a potential new clinical agent. Treatment for 2 weeks with intravenous (i.v.) doses of 1,3-di(4-imidazolino-2-methoxyphenoxy)propane (DIMP) at 1 mg/kg per day produced an anti-P. carinii pneumonia effect equivalent to i.v. doses of pentamidine at 10 mg/kg per day. Although pentamidine and one of the test drugs, 1,3-di(4-imidazolinophenoxy)propane, showed no activity against P. carinii pneumonia when administered per os, DIMP exhibited potent anti-P. carinii pneumonia activity when given by daily gavage doses of 40 and 25 mg/kg. DIMP retained significant activity when given every other day by a gavage dose of 25 mg/kg. No toxicity was observed with the drug at any of the dose levels or by either of the routes of administration. However, the low solubility of the drug prevented testing at higher i.v. doses. Our conclusion is that DIMP has the potential of providing a safer and more effective alternative to pentamidine for the treatment of P. carinii pneumonia.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Efficacy of automated biopsy guns versus conventional biopsy needles in the pygmy pig.

Debate over which biopsy needle is the best has intensified recently with the introduction of automated biopsy guns including the 18-gauge long-throw and short-throw Biopty, the 18-gauge Cook, and the 14- and 18-gauge Klear Kut. To evaluate the efficacy of these mechanized biopsy guns versus that of conventional manual biopsy needles in the acquisition of adequate tissue for histopathologic evaluation, open hepatic and renal biopsies were performed in 15 pygmy pigs. The specimens were evaluated separately in a double-blind fashion by two histopathologists using graded criteria. Overall, the best results were obtained with the manual 14-gauge Tru-Cut needle, the long-throw 18-gauge Biopty gun, and the 18-gauge Cook biopsy gun. By comparison, the aspiration-type needles did not perform as well when considered as a group. Several other needles scored well in the biopsy of either the liver or kidney, but not in both. Disappointing results were obtained with the Klear Kut guns (both 14- and 18-gauge) and the Vacu Cut and PercuCut needles.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Effect of umbilical vein oxytocin on puerperal blood loss and length of the third stage of labor.

The use of umbilical vein injection of oxytocin was compared with traditional management of the third stage of labor. Pregnant women were randomized to receive intravenous oxytocin after the delivery of the placenta (n = 25) or oxytocin via the umbilical vein immediately after cord clamping (n = 25). Those who received umbilical vein oxytocin had a shorter third stage of labor (4.1 versus 9.4 minutes), less measured blood loss (135 versus 373 ml), and a lower drop in hematocrit (3.9% versus 6.2%). Intraumbilical vein oxytocin appears to be a useful alternative to traditional management of the third stage of labor.

Female↗
PubMed1987

Neutrophilic eccrine hidradenitis associated with induction chemotherapy.

We report three new cases of neutrophilic eccrine hidradenitis associated with induction chemotherapy which resolves two major points. First, because two of our patients had testicular carcinoma; this firmly establishes that NEH is not exclusively seen in patients with acute myelogenous leukemia or Hodgkin's lymphoma as previously reported. Second, because two of our patients did not receive cytarabine which has previously been suspected of being the causative agent, it is apparent that this disorder may be produced by more than one chemotherapeutic agent or combination of agents. The histologic features with a discussion of the spectrum of changes which may be seen are presented.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Effects of catechol estrogen methyl ethers on lipid metabolism in prepubertal rats.

Thirty-five day old ovariectomised rats were given daily subcutaneous injections (0.05-5.0 micrograms/100 gm body weight) of estradiol (E2) 2-methoxyestradiol (2-ME2) or 4-methoxyestradiol (4-ME2) for six days. At the end of the last injection, the animals were sacrificed and serum lipoproteins were analysed. It was observed that cholesterol decreased significantly in normal fed animals who received E2 and 4-ME2, while no effect was seen in cholesterol fed animals. In the E2 treated group there was a decrease in esterified and free cholesterol, while in the 4-ME2 group only esterified cholesterol decreased. High density lipoproteins were significantly elevated in the E2 treated group. However, there was an increase in very low density lipoproteins and a decrease in low density lipoproteins in 2-ME2 and 4-ME2 treated groups. These results suggest that catechol estrogens may play an important role in the lipoprotein metabolism and atherosclerotic diseases, and the mechanism of action may differ from that of estradiol.

2-Methoxyestradiol↗
PubMed1984

Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia: value of touch preps.

(CMML) Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia is not an uncommon leukemia occurring in elderly individuals. Cutaneous manifestations are unusual and portend a poorer prognosis. Touch imprints from a skin punch biopsy may help to quickly confirm clinical suspicions of an underlying leukemia or lymphoma.

Aged↗