PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

W B Ross

Publications and source records attributed to W B Ross.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Subcutaneous mastectomy with immediate reconstruction as treatment for early breast cancer.

Subcutaneous mastectomy and axillary dissection combined with immediate reconstruction was used to treat primary breast cancer in a consecutive series of 111 patients. Local recurrence occurred in 19 patients (17 per cent) during a mean follow-up of 30 (range 6-60) months. Complete control of local disease was achieved in all patients except one, who had terminal disease. Prophylactic radiotherapy was avoided for 83 per cent of patients, and good cosmetic results were obtained in 89 per cent. These results support the use of this technique in the treatment of early breast cancer.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Pathways controlling the superoxide response during phagocyte differentiation: involvement of arachidonic acid and Ca2+ in the response to bacterial endotoxin.

In contrast to the phorbol ester oxidative response, which only develops during dimethylsulphoxide (DMSO)-induced differentiation of the human leukemic myeloblast HL-60 cell-line, the endotoxin response was observed in undifferentiated and differentiated cells. The Ca2+ response to endotoxin, detected in both differentiated and undifferentiated HL-60 cells, consisted of a transient 10-50 nM increase in intracellular Ca2+. A very slow, irreversible increase in intracellular Ca2+ was detected at high 1-100 micrograms/ml endotoxin concentrations, and this effect, and the inositol phosphate response, correlated with the surfactant activities of various endotoxins and Lipid A. Arachidonic acid and sodium arachidonate 1-50 microM stimulated a large 200-500 nM and transient Ca2+ response in undifferentiated HL-60 cells, which was significantly greater than that elicited by 1-50 microM eicosapentaenoic acid, and was not observed at similar concentrations of arachidonic acid methyl ester or myristic acid. These concentrations (1-50 microM) of arachidonic acid were observed to have surfactant activities on the plasma membrane. At lower arachidonic acid concentrations a marked potentiation of both Ca2+ and oxidative responses to the chemotactic peptide fMet-Leu-Phe was detected. It is possible that the arachidonic acid released during phospholipase A2 activation of neutrophils may be involved in cellular cross-talk and, at higher concentrations, in directly activating Ca2+ and superoxide production. It is also possible that previously reported effects of endotoxin at high concentrations are an in vitro artefact of surfactant properties of endotoxin.

Arachidonic Acid↗
PubMed1990

Blood transfusion and organ transplantation.

During the last two decades it has been shown that blood transfusion enhances renal allograft survival. Recently, the introduction of cyclosporin A as the leading immunosuppressive agent has generally improved results and the relevance of blood transfusion to organ transplantation is now questioned. This review summarises the vast amount of knowledge on the 'blood transfusion effect in renal transplantation', and we cite important clinical studies of this topic to illustrate the various theories regarding the immune mechanisms responsible for these effects. We draw attention to the other immunomodulatory properties of blood transfusion which may be related to those associated with transplantation. In particular, we examine the possibility that perioperative blood transfusion may have a detrimental effect on the survival of cancer patients.

Blood Transfusion↗
PubMed1990

Prostaglandin E2 production by rat peritoneal macrophages: role of cellular and humoral factors in vivo in transfusion-associated immunosuppression.

The transfusion of blood is associated with long-term immunosuppression, which has been postulated to influence immunosurveillance and cancer cell killing. The mononuclear phagocyte synthesises large quantities of PGE2, and PGE2 has been shown to inhibit the activity of a range of immunocompetent cell types. The role of mononuclear phagocyte PGE2 synthesis in transfusion-associated immunosuppression, and the elements of transfused blood which control this immunosuppression, were investigated using a transfused rat model. A significant increase in macrophage PGE2 synthesis was detected 7 days after transfusion with blood and serum. The storage of blood for 24 h increased the stimulatory activity of transfused blood. The effects of storage and serum on macrophage PGE2 synthesis were greater than effects due to genetic differences between blood donor and recipient, and the serum effects indicated that a major factor activating PGE2-mediated immunosuppression in transfused subjects may be humoral in nature.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Intercostal blockade and pulmonary function after cholecystectomy.

Sixty-six patients undergoing cholecystectomy were randomly allocated to receive either intercostal blockade with bupivacaine supplemented with papaveretum or papaveretum alone for postoperative analgesia. Both groups were similar regarding distribution of sex, age, and weight. These two groups were compared. Patients who did not have intercostal blockade required postoperative analgesia sooner. There was no significant difference, however, in the total consumption of papaveretum. Both groups experienced similar degrees of pain, and there were no differences in postoperative pulmonary function. We conclude that although single intercostal blockade is an effective analgesic, it does not improve pain relief and does not improve pulmonary function after cholecystectomy when compared with a regimen of on-demand, intramuscularly administered papaveretum.

Analgesia↗
PubMed1989

Autotransplantation for renovascular hypertension with complete renal artery occlusion.

We report a personal series of 13 autotransplantation procedures in 12 patients who suffered from severe renovascular hypertension. In all of these cases preoperative investigation demonstrated a viable kidney, despite complete occlusion of the affected renal artery. One-half the patients had stenosis of a milder degree affecting the contralateral kidney. In eight of these patients the operation was considered successful. One patient died due to postoperative superior mesenteric artery thrombosis and two had infarction of the transplanted kidney. A fourth patient lost the autotransplant because of postoperative haemorrhage. It is suggested that if medical treatment fails then autotransplantation should be considered in place of nephrectomy for cases of renovascular hypertension with complete occlusion of the renal artery.

Adolescent↗