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Biomedical subjects

W Behrens-Baumann

Publications and source records attributed to W Behrens-Baumann.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

[Cystoid macular edema and visual acuity with intracapsular cataract extraction and Choyce anterior chamber lens vs. extracapsular cataract extraction and posterior chamber lens in the partner eye].

A prospective study was conducted on 65 patients who had a cataract operation. One eye had intracapsular cataract extraction (ICCE) with a Choyce-IX anterior chamber lens (ACL) and the fellow eye extracapsular cataract extraction (ECCE) with a posterior chamber lens (PCL). To evaluate the cystoid macular edema (CME), a fluorescence angiogram was recorded on the day of discharge and after 6 months. The severity of the CME was classified in three stages (degrees I-III). At discharge, no eye had CME grade III. CME grade I or grade II was seen in the ICCE group in 23% and in the ECCE group in 7.6%. After 6 months one eye of each group showed CME grade III (1.5%). CME grades I and II were seen after ICCE in 13.8% and 7.8% while the eyes with ECCE presented CME in 6.1% of grade I and of grade II, respectively. Visual acuity (VA) in the eyes with grades I and II CME was the same as in eyes without CME. The VA (median) of the ICCE group was 0.8 and of the ECCE 0.7. Because of infection of the capsular bag (toxic lens syndrome), in one case the PCL together with the capsular bag had to be explanted after 7 months. As for visual acuity and clinically significant CME (grade III), there was no statistical difference between ICCE plus Choyce-IX ACL eyes versus ECCE plus PCL eyes in the same patient.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

[Rhinocerebral mucormycosis during deferoxamine therapy].

A 24-year-old woman had been in full remission of an acute myeloid leukaemia since 1988, but she required regular erythrocyte and platelet transfusions for pancytopenia. To counteract a progressive siderophilia due to the transfusions (ferritin levels of about 10,000 ng/ml) deferoxamine was intermittently given intravenously (5 g after each transfusion). Seven months after the start of this treatment the patient was hospitalized because of severe left-sided facial pain as well as reddening and swelling in the periorbital region. As maxillary and frontal sinusitis was suspected, antibiotics were administered (at first three times daily 2.2 g amoxicillin and clavulanic acid, then two times daily 300 mg rifampicin and 200 mg ciprofloxacin). Nonetheless, orbital phlegmon developed within a few days with protrusion and blindness of the left eye necessitating a decompression operation. Material obtained at operation revealed rhinocerebral mucormycosis. After 3 weeks of antimycotic treatment with both amphotericin B (1 mg/kg.d) and flucytosine (150 mg/kg.d) the mucormycosis healed without the necessity of extensive and disfiguring removal of necrotic tissue. But the blindness in the left eye, caused by occlusion of the central artery, was irreversible.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Vascular occlusion of the retina: an experimental model. I. Leukocyte aggregates.

A new technique was developed to study the pathogenesis of retinal arteriolar occlusion in the pig. Using a catheter with its tip in front of the exit of the ophthalmic artery, autologous microparticles could be injected directly into the retinal arterial system. These microparticles were C5a-des-Arg stimulated leukocytes, which were aggregated to pellets of different sizes ranging from 0.26 to 1.0 mm. For better adhesion of the aggregates to the endothelium, endothelial damage was induced by the injection of additional substances, including methomidate and endothelial antibodies. In a further series of experiments systemic hypoxemic conditions were created over several hours prior to injection of the leukocyte aggregates. This resulted in cotton-wool spots and arterial branch occlusions with retinal edema. Furthermore, retinal hemorrhages occurred. This experimental model seems to be appropriate for mimicking retinal arteriolar occlusion syndromes.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Vascular occlusion of the retina--an experimental model. II. Platelet aggregates.

Using a new technique to mimic arteriolar occlusion syndromes, different microparticles were injected into the ophthalmic artery of pigs. These microparticles were platelet aggregates of various sizes ranging from 0.15 mm to more than 0.8 mm. Aggregation was induced using adenosine diphosphate and thrombin. In some experiments, acetylsalicylic acid and histamine were also applied. In a further series of experiments, mixed aggregates containing platelets and leukocytes were injected. The results were observed by indirect ophthalmoscopy and consisted of superficial and deep retinal infarction. Large platelet aggregates resulted in arterial branch occlusion, whereas mixed and small platelet aggregates produced occlusion of small arterioles. This technique seems to be valuable in studying retinal arteriolar occlusion syndromes.

Adenosine Diphosphate↗
PubMed1992

Pathogenesis of Purtscher's retinopathy. An experimental study.

Laboratory and clinical observations have implicated microparticles in the pathogenesis of Purtscher's retinopathy, which leads to the occlusion of small arterioles. These microparticles may be caused by aggregated leukocyte platelets or fibrin clots. The phenomenon of intravascular coagulation is well known following trauma or acute pancreatitis. Purtscher's retinopathy is linked with both diseases. To support this presumed pathogenesis of Purtscher's retinopathy, fibrin clots ranging in size from 0.15 to 1.0 mm were injected into the ophthalmic artery of the pig. They resulted in superficial and deep retinal infarctions. In addition, flame-shaped and spotted hemorrhages occurred. These retinal changes are characteristic of Purtscher's retinopathy.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Cataracts by lipid lowering drugs? Three different HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors studied in hypercholesterolemic rabbits.

We evaluated the effects of a lipid-lowering drug therapy with simvastatin, lovastatin, and pravastatin on the crystalline lens of the hypercholesterolemic rabbit. A threefold therapeutic dose was administered. Ocular examinations in mydriasis prior to treatment and after 14 and 30 weeks, respectively, were performed, including photographic documentation. Some degree of congenital lens opacities prior to treatment was frequently observed. No development of new cataracts could be proved during the study period.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

[Heterotopic fundus. An easily missed abnormality].

This study demonstrates 12 patients with "tilted disc syndrome" which includes an inferior conus and inversion of the optic disc, sectorial ectasia of the fundus, and refractive scotoma. Knowledge of the anomaly can help to prevent the patient from repeated neurologic and neuroradiologic examinations to exclude a cerebral tumor.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Phosphonoformate (foscarnet, PFA) versus trifluorthymidine in the treatment of keratitis dendritica in the human. A double-blind, randomized, preliminary trial.

Twenty patients with dendritic keratitis were treated in a double-blind analysis study with either phosphonoformate 3% or trifluorthymidine 1% drops. Nineteen cases were virologically confirmed. Follow-up was performed until closure of the corneal lesion was registered and a pair comparison between both substances was made. Healing time was longer for phosphonoformate (7.16 days) than for trifluorthymidine (5.83 days). There was no significant difference between phosphonoformate and trifluorthymidine. One drug failure was registered in each series. No side effects were observed.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitor simvastatin and the human lens. Clinical results of a 3-year follow-up.

Simavastatin (MK-733, Zocor, CAS 79902-63-9), a new 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitor, was administered for a period of at least 3 years to 21 patients suffering from primary hypercholesterolemia. Significant decreases were noted for plasma cholesterol (30%), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (40%), whereas an increase in plasma high density lipoprotein cholesterol (11%) was observed. The drug therapy was well tolerated and clinical examinations revealed no adverse effects. No development of cataracts or other ocular side effects have been observed during this 3-year follow-up period.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Purtscher disease. Range of variation of clinical manifestations in 11 patients and pathogenetic considerations].

Eleven patients with M. Purtscher are presented with different manifestations of the retinopathy. The main characteristics are (1) yellowish-white "Purtscher-Flecken", which have a polygonal margin and are lying in the inner nuclear layer between the arterioles, (2) white typical cotton-wool-spots located in the nerve-fiber-layer covering the vessels and hemorrhages, which are (3) spot-like or (4) flame-shaped due to their location in the different retinal layers. All of these four manifestations may be isolated or combined, as we have observed in bilateral cases. Ten cases were caused by trauma of the thorax or the skull and one by pancreatitis. The pathogenesis of M. Purtscher can be explained by microembolization. An intravasal coagulation and/or aggregation of leukocytes resp. thrombocytes may develop after trauma as well as in pancreatitis. This may lead to microinfarcts and hemorrhages. The "microinfarct-hypothesis" has been experimentally proved and is able to explain the rarity of M. Purtscher, the range of variation, the monolateral and bilateral manifestation and identical ophthalmoscopic pictures despite different etiology.

Brain Concussion↗
PubMed1991

[Retinochoroidopathy in a patient with seropositive trichinosis].

A 28 years old butcher contracted a systemic trichinosis after fasting sausage. Twelve days after onset of systemic symptoms he developed a hemorrhagic maculopathy in his left eye. In addition, on both eyes there were focal atrophies of the retinal pigment epithelium in the mid-periphery. We believe a causal connection of the maculopathy with his serologically proven trichinosis as a retinal involvement is well known in trichinosis and histologically demonstrated by Herrenschwand (1928). To our knowledge this is the first case of hemorrhagic maculopathy in trichinosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Candida tropicalis endophthalmitis following penetrating keratoplasty.

A case of Candida tropicalis endophthalmitis following penetrating keratoplasty is presented. The donor was an alcoholic, who died of bronchopneumonia and pancreatitis. We presume the candida infection was transmitted by the donor because Candida tropicalis was cultured in life from the donor's throat swab and corresponding fungal elements were discovered post mortem in kidney sections of the donor.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

[Aqueous humor concentration of norfloxacin following local administration].

The Aqueous humor concentration of norfloxacin was measured following topical administration in 20 eyes. The substance was applied at different time intervals. Nineteen samples obtained prior to cataract extraction had mean concentrations between 0.014 and 0.105 microgram/ml. These concentrations are under the MIC90 of most germs. One eye with minimal congestion due to a neovascular glaucoma, however, had a concentration of 0.206 microgram/ml.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

Topical fluconazole for experimental candida keratitis in rabbits.

Using a reproducible model of Candida albicans keratitis in rabbits we studied the effect of topical fluconazole, a new triazole. Candida albicans DSM 70010 (2.5 X 10(5) cells) was injected into the corneal stroma of both eyes of 21 rabbits. All eyes developed a corneal ulcer. Forty-eight hours after inoculation the animals were divided into three groups: (1) 14 eyes, received fluconazole (2 mg/ml) and the epithelium subsequently removed; (2) 14 eyes, received only fluconazole drops; (3) 14 eyes, received 0.9% NaCl: half of this group was also debrided. We applied one drop of either substance 10 times a day for 24 days. A further six rabbits were used to judge if the drug penetrated into the cornea and aqueous humour. There was a highly significant difference between the fluconazole groups (1,2) and the control group (3) as to hypopyon and complications (descemetocele, corneal perforation) as well as recultivation of C. albicans from corneal tissue. The difference between the fluconazole groups with and without debridement was not significant. The drug penetrated into the cornea and aqueous humour of both uninflamed and inflamed eyes.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1990

Pravastatin--ocular side effects after a two year follow-up?

Pravastatin, a new HMG-CoA-reductase inhibitor, was administered to hypercholesterolemic 14 patients with coronary heart disease for a period of two years. This drug reduces the plasma LDL-cholesterol concentrations approximately 30-40%. No development of cataracts or other ocular side effects could be observed during this two year follow-up.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

[Natamycin (pimaricin) in the treatment of experimental keratomycosis].

The efficacy of natamycin (pimaricin) was studied and compared with the standard amphotericin B, using a reproducible model of keratomycosis from Candida albicans in the rabbit. C. albicans DSM 70010 (2.5 X 10(5) cells) was injected into the corneal stroma of both eyes. All eyes developed a corneal ulcer without pretreatment with immunosuppressive agents. Forty-eight hours after inoculation, the animals were divided into five groups: I (10 eyes) and II (12 eyes) receiving natamycin drops, 1%; groups III (12 eyes) and IV (12 eyes) receiving natamycin, 2.5%; the control group (14 eyes) receiving 0.9% NaCl. For better penetration of the drug, the epithelium of groups I and III was removed every 3rd day. Half of the control group was debrided as well. In a further series, the penetration of natamycin into the cornea and aqueous humor was studied. There was no difference between the treated eyes and the control eyes concerning complications (descemetocele or perforation). It is concluded that natamycin (pimaricin) is inferior to amphotericin B and not effective in controlling experimental keratomycosis.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[Classification and importance of cystoid macular edema in pseudophakia].

In a prospective study the authors attempted to establish the incidence of cystoid macular edema (CME) in uncomplicated intracapsular cataract extraction with implantation of Choyce Mark IX lenses. Fluorescein angiography was performed after eight days, six weeks, six months, and at least one year post-operatively. Any edema found was classified as Grade I to III. Grade III CME was demonstrated in 4% of the cases studied after six weeks, though not after six months or one year, respectively. After one year, Grade II was found in 2% and Grade I in 15%, respectively. However, visual function was not impaired. At no time was there any correlation between the severity of the macular edema and visual acuity: all combinations are possible. Grade III CME evidently only impairs visual function if it persists for a prolonged period of time. Hyperfluorescence in the late phase of the angiogram permits the breakdown of the blood-aqueous barrier to be estimated semi-quantitatively.

Aged↗