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Biomedical subjects

W Behrens-Baumann

Publications and source records attributed to W Behrens-Baumann.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Intraocular foreign bodies. 297 consecutive cases.

The records of 297 patients with intraocular foreign body (IOFB) injuries were analyzed in a retrospective study ranging from 1956 to 1985, and the data of the three decades were compared. 62% of the IOFB were located in the vitreous, 13.5% in the posterior sclera. There was no significant difference between Haab's and Hirschberg's methods in removing the IOFB. In 6.7% an enucleation followed the primary operation, half of these due to postoperative infection. The number of injuries with IOFB has declined. The postoperative improvement of visual acuity has doubled in the last decade compared to the first. The importance of removing the IOFB is stressed, as an unsuccessful attempt considerably worsens the prognosis. 5 of the 297 cases were female, which emphasizes the causative occupational factor. Hammering was the commonest cause of IOFB (80%). None were wearing protective goggles. The importance of wearing protective goggles should be stressed in health education programs.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[Prevention of cystoid macular edema with diclofenac eyedrops in intracapsular cataract extraction using the Choyce Mark IX anterior chamber lens].

Diclofenac is superior to other nonsteroid anti-inflammatory drugs (NAD) with respect to its antiphlogistic properties, as demonstrated in laboratory animal experiments. The antiphlogistic action of diclofenac eyedrops versus placebo eyedrops in the prophylaxis of cystoid macular edema (CME) and postoperative inflammatory symptoms was therefore tested in a prospective randomized double-blind study. A total of 179 patients with intracapsular cataract operations and Choyce Mark IX anterior chamber lens implantation received 2 drops 5 times preoperatively and 1 drop 5 times postoperatively until they were discharged, and then subsequently for 6 months they used 1 drop of diclofenac or placebo eyedrops 3 times. To evaluate the CME, fluorescence angiography was carried out on all patients on the day of discharge, 6 weeks later, and after 6 months following the operation. The patients who completed the study according to plan numbered 112. With diclofenac eyedrops, significantly less CME occurred in comparison with treatment with placebo eyedrops (p = 0.03). Visual acuity improved faster and the postoperative inflammatory symptoms receded more quickly in the diclofenac group.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

[Incidence of cystoid macular edema following cataract extraction].

In a prospective study we research the incidence of cystoid macular edema following intracapsular cataract extraction with the Choyce-Mark-IX implantation method. The only eyes included in the study were those for which the operation had been uncomplicated. Fluorescence angiography was performed after 8 days, 6 weeks, 6 months and 1 year. The edema was graded accordingly: grades I-III. Cystoid macular edema of grade III was demonstrated in 4% after 6 weeks but not after 6 months and 1 year. After 1 year, grade II occurred in 2% and grade I in 15%, respectively. Visual acuity, however, was not impaired.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

Ciprofloxacin concentration in the rabbit aqueous humor and vitreous following intravenous and subconjunctival administration.

12 mg (6 ml) ciprofloxacin were intravenously administered to rabbits. Using high-pressure-liquid-chromatography the concentration in serum, aqueous humor and vitreous were measured after 1, 4, 10 and 24 h. The mean serum levels were 0.698 mg/l and 0.0425 mg/l after 1 and 10 h, respectively. The drug reached mean levels in the aqueous humor of 0.0595 mg/l and 0.0073 mg/l, respectively. Concerning the subconjunctival application 1 mg (0.5 ml) ciprofloxacin was injected either epibulbar near the limbus corneae or under the conjunctiva of the lower fornix. The mean aqueous humor levels were 0.887 mg/l and 0.094 mg/l after 1 and 10 h, respectively, following epibulbar injection. In contrast, the "fornix-injection" produced mean levels of 0.0267 mg/l and 0.025 mg/l in the aqueous humor after 1 and 10 h, respectively. The concentration of ciprofloxacin in the vitreous was near the detection limit following every method of administration of the drug. The importance of differentiating between epibulbar subconjunctival application and the injection under the conjunctiva of the fornix is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

[Bacterial flora of the eyelids following preoperative disinfection].

After careful preoperative disinfection of the periorbita, the eye, and the lids, cultures were taken from the upper and lower lash bases of 100 patients waiting for intraocular operations. Despite the careful disinfection 36% of the cultures from the upper and 48% of those from the lower lash bases were positive. A method of covering the lids adequately with adhesive material is recommended as a means of avoiding this potential source of infection.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1988

[The so-called "ocular histoplasmosis syndrome"].

The authors describe seven patients presenting with ophthalmoscopic findings typical of "presumed ocular histoplasmosis syndrome." However, no humoral antibodies could be demonstrated. Moreover, the results of skin tests were all negative even after "boostering." Hence, the diagnosis of ocular histoplasmosis had to be ruled out. Tests for listeriosis, lues, leptospirosis, ornithosis, Toxocara canis, toxoplasmosis, Larva migrans, and Candida albicans were also negative. There are evidently other, so far unknown, agents which lead to an ophthalmoscopic picture that mimics ocular histoplasmosis with its typical "punched-out lesions" and central hemorrhagic chorioretinopathy. One of these agents may be Epstein-Barr virus, because two of six patients had increased antibody levels of Epstein-Barr nuclear antigen and early antigen, indicating an active or persistent state of viral infection.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Trimethoprim-polymyxin B sulphate ophthalmic ointment in the treatment of bacterial conjunctivitis: a double-blind study versus chloramphenicol ophthalmic ointment.

Forty-two patients with a clinical diagnosis of bacterial conjunctivitis were enrolled in a randomized, double-blind trial. Patients were treated with either trimethoprim-polymyxin B sulphate or chloramphenicol ophthalmic ointments 4-times a day for 7 days. Analysis of clinical evaluation data showed that both treatments were effective and well tolerated, and that there were no statistically significant differences between them with regard to eradication of organisms or clinical improvement.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

[Animal experiment model of keratomycosis].

A model of experimental keratomycosis in the rabbit eye is described. Candida albicans strain DSM 70010 (10 microliters; 2.5 X 10(5) cells) is injected intracorneally without employing immunosuppressive measures. This strain is characterized by marked germ-tube formation, which apparently is a major cause of its virulence. All 17 eyes developed an infiltration of the cornea two days after injection. On Day 6 (mean value; standard error +/- 2.34 days) this infiltration developed synchronously to a severe corneal ulcer with hypopyon. The infection remained active for about two weeks and was either complicated by a descemetocele or perforation or led to a reparatory stage with extensive vascularization and successive leukoma. The model presented is reproducible for the first time and is therefore recommended for experimental evaluation of new therapeutic concepts.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

[Experimental studies of local therapy of Candida keratomycosis with amphotericin B].

The efficiency of Amphotericin B drops was studied using a newly developed keratomycosis model (defined strain Candida albicans DSM 70010, which leads reproducibly to a corneal infection with descemetocele without prior local or systemic immunosuppression in the rabbit). Penetration of the drug (administered ten times a day) into the cornea and aqueous humor was only demonstrated after abrasion of the corneal epithelium. Three groups were studied: (I) therapy with abrasion, (II) therapy without abrasion, and (III) a control group. Both clinically (descemetocele or perforation, hypopyon) and with regard to microbiology (reculture of Candida) the results obtained in Group I were significantly better than those obtained in Group II (p less than 0.001). Repeated corneal abrasion is therefore recommended for treatment of Candida keratitis with Amphotericin B.

Amphotericin B↗
PubMed1987

[Effect of corticosteroids in antimycotic therapy of Candida keratitis].

The effect of corticosteroid treatment in addition to antimycotic therapy was studied on the basis of a newly developed keratomycosis model. Forty-eight hours after intracorneal injection of a defined strain of Candida albicans, Amphotericin B drops were administered at one-hour intervals ten times a day. To improve penetration of the drops abrasion of the corneal epithelium was performed every three days. In addition, 4 mg of dexamethasone phosphate was injected subconjunctivally into one eye every two days. The results showed that in this low dosage dexamethasone did not worsen the course of the infection in a single case. On the contrary, there was significantly less neovascularization (p less than 0.05) than in the group not treated with dexamethasone. It therefore appears that combination thereby is the best form of treatment for keratomycosis; this is also supported by clinical observations.

Amphotericin B↗
PubMed1987

Ciprofloxacin concentrations in human aqueous humor following intravenous administration.

16 patients received an intravenous infusion of 200 mg ciprofloxacin 1, 2, 3 and 6 h, respectively, before cataract extraction. This dosage produced mean aqueous humor levels of 0.165 +/- 0.09 and 0.126 +/- 0.028 microgram/ml after 1 and 3 h, respectively. The mean serum levels were 1.760 +/- 0.873 and 0.854 +/- 0.283 microgram/ml after 1 and 3 h, respectively. These levels are above the minimum inhibitory concentration of ciprofloxacin for sensitive organisms.

Aqueous Humor↗
PubMed1986

Ciclosporin concentration in the rabbit aqueous humor and cornea following subconjunctival administration. Importance of anatomical site of injection.

The model compound lidocaine was used in the rabbit to investigate different sites of subconjunctival injection for the achievement of reproducible drug concentrations in the aqueous humor. Only epibulbar injections were satisfactory, but not parabulbar or injections under the lower fornix. After epibulbar administration of 0.8 ml 5% ciclosporin, median concentrations in the aqueous humor were 360, 700 and 200 ng/ml after 2, 8, and 24 h, respectively. Corresponding levels in the cornea were 32, 27, and 12 ng/ml. It appears that drug concentrations resulting from epibulbar injections may be therapeutically useful.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Experimental study on drug therapy of "traction retinal detachment" after posterior penetrating eye injury in the rabbit.

In an experimental study on rabbits, a standardized eye injury was created by using the "pars-plana incision model." Subsequently, the effect of intravenous application of dexamethasone and penicillamine on traction retinal detachment was investigated. The two drugs were applied in varying concentrations and combinations (single and combined use in varying intervals), followed by a 3-month control period without medication. Clinical and histological findings showed that intravitreal instillation of 1.2 mg dexamethasone reduces the incidence of retinal detachment from 46% to 27%. Higher concentrations of dexamethasone, as well as the use of penicillamine or a combination of both substances, proved to enhance traction retinal detachment.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

The effect of topical cyclosporin A on the rabbit cornea. A clinical and electron microscopic study.

To investigate the effect of topical cyclosporin A (CSA) on the rabbit cornea, both eyes of 80 animals were treated with CSA 2% eye drops over a 3-week period under various conditions. CSA was dissolved in castor oil or ethanol 13.8 vol. %. Slit-lamp, scanning and transmission electron microscopic examinations were performed. CSA 2% in castor oil given 5 times daily showed no damage to either the corneal epithelium or endothelium. In contrast the solutions containing ethanol revealed considerable epithelial cell damage.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

[Results following free skin transplantations].

The present paper reports on the technique and results of free full-thickness skin grafts after tumor excision in 23 cases. The functional and cosmetic results were good or even excellent. No ischemia or shrinkage of the grafts was observed. The difference in color between the graft and the surrounding skin disappeared within months. The author recommends free skin grafting in particular for defects of the inner canthus, where the results obtained are much better than those achieved with the Fricke operation, which are cosmetically poor.

Basal Cell Carcinoma↗