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Biomedical subjects

W C Constable

Publications and source records attributed to W C Constable.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Cancer of the posterior hypopharyngeal wall.

Thirty-five patients with cancer of the posterior pharyngeal wall treated at the University of Virginia Hospital since 1956 have been reviewed. A minimum follow-up of five years was available in all patients. These have been analyzed by stage and treatment modality, and the crude and determinate three and five year survival figures presented. In contradistinction to results reported for other hypopharyngeal sites, radiotherapy alone has proved the most effective treatment in the posterior wall, particularly for T1 and T2, NO lesions, where the crude and determinate survival after 5 years were 45 and 50% respectively. For advanced lesions no treatment approach has approved efficacious, although 2 or 10 (20%) patients treated initally by radiotherapy alone survived disease free for 3 years with subsequent surgical removal of residual nodal disease.

Aged↗
PubMed1980

Adenoid cystic carcinoma of the salivary gland.

We describe 15 patients with adenoid cystic carcinoma of the salivary glands treated by radiotherapy from 1960 to 1978. All patients were treated for localized disease either definitively or after surgical resection. The site of origin and local tumor extensions are reviewed and the results of treatment analyzed. Eighty-three percent of the tumors were controlled by combined treatment (surgery and postoperative radiotherapy) for one to ten years, 80% for more than five years. In the latter group, seven of ten patients had tumors with poor prognostic features. Eighteen patients treated by surgery alone have been reviewed for comparative five-year recurrence rates. This group and similar groups reported in the literature have higher recurrence rates at five years. Two patients treated definitively by radiotherapy have had tumor control for four years. This series and other reports demonstrate that adenoid cystic carcinoma is amenable to control by radiotherapy. Elective postoperative radiotherapy may assist in diminishing the high recurrence rates and improve survival.

Carcinoma, Adenoid Cystic↗
PubMed1980

Primary carcinoma of the female urethra.

A retrospective review of women with carcinoma of the urethra is reported. Twelve patients treated between 1947 and 1978 have been characterized as to presenting features, therapy, and prognosis. There average age of patients at diagnosis was 68 years; the most frequent presenting symptom was bleeding (92% of patients); average duration of symptoms before diagnosis was five months. Localized tumors of the distal urethra have been effectively controlled by using interstitial implantation of radioactive sources, five of five patients having no evidence of disease one to ten years after treatment. Our study agrees with reports in the literature on the results of interstitial implantation of radioactive sources. Patients with tumor involving the entire urethra have a poor prognosis, and four of five patients died within the first year after therapy.

Aged↗
PubMed1980

Radiotherapy in the management of primary malignancies of the hard palate.

Primary malignancies of the hard palate are rare. Only 66 cases have been seen at the University of Virginia Hospital in the 43 years from 1932 through March 1975. These have been reviewed with regard to age, sex, race, histology and clinical presentation. There was 32 squamous cell carcinomas, 25 salivary gland tumors and 9 nonepithelial malignancies. The nonepithelial malignancies were a diverse group and are not considered further. The results of treatment for the squamous cell carcinoma group and salivary gland tumors have been analyzed by stage and mode of therapy. Although no great improvement in the results of surgery or combined therapy have been observed over the years in the squamous cell carcinoma group, there has been a dramatic improvement in the results of treatment with radiation therapy from the orthovoltage era to the super-voltage era. Primary control with radiation therapy for the squamous cell carcinoma group was 2/5 (40%) in the orthovoltage era and 7/7 (100%) in the supervoltage era. Surgery would appear to be the appropriate treatment for salivary gland tumors with possibly a place for combined therapy. Radiation therapy proved useful in salvaging certain surgical failures. The time of appearance of local recurrence following initial therapy, the incidence of distant metastases and second primary tumors were analyzed and are presented.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Response of mouse kidney to hyperthermia: pathology and temperature--dependence of injury.

Hyperthermia either alone or in combination with radiotherapy and chemotherapy is being used increasingly in the treatment of malignant tumors. This study was designed to evaluate the response of the mouse kidney exposed to a range of hyperthermic temperatures (41 to 45 degrees C) used to induce regression of malignant tumors. Minimal histologic evidence of renal injury occurred in the proximal tubules of the subcapsular region. More extensive damage was characterized by necrosis of tubules and glomeruli in a sharply circumscribed area that involved the lateral subcapsular area where the temperature induced was highest. The tissue histologic reaction was maximal by 24 hours. At temperatures below 41 degrees C no necrosis occurred, whereas at temperatures between 42 and 45 degrees C there was an increasing incidence of necrosis. This increase in tissue reaction above 42 to 43 degrees C is consistent with reported observations from tissue culture and in vivo skin heating experiments, and indicates that normal tissue injury may occur in the same range of temperatures shown to cause regression in malignant tumors.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Esthesioneuroblastoma.

Esthesioneuroblastoma is an uncommon tumor of neural crest origin arising in the nasal cavity. Since 1966, 97 cases have been reported in the world literature. In this report an analysis is presented of the following aspects of these 97 patients: age and sex distribution, disease staging, treatment results, interval to recurrence, and survival. Staging was according to a system proposed by Kadish et al. There is a bimodal age distribution with peaks in age groups 11-20 years and 51-60 years. Prognosis is favorable in early stage disease (A and B) with 3-year crude survivals of 88.9% and 83.3%, respectively. Stage C patients have a poor prognosis, with 52.9% surviving 3 years. Treatment consisted of radiotherapy, surgery, or a combination of radiotherapy and surgery. In stage A, prognosis is favorable in all three treatment groups with one 1 of 24 patients dying of recurrent disease. In stage B, recurrence rates and 3-year survivals are also similar in the three treatment groups. Thus, single modality treatment is as effective as combined treatment for early stage disease. Local recurrence is the predominant site of failure occurring in 68% of recurrences. The overall crude survival for the 97 patients was 95.4%, while the determinate survival (corrected for intercurrent disease) was 70.8%.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

The use of strontium-90 in the treatment of carcinoma in situ of the conjunctiva.

Four patients with carcinoma in situ were treated with strontium-90 beta ray application. The dose used was 4,500 rads after surgical removal or with small recurrent tumor and 7,000 rads for primary treatment. All patients were disease-free at follow-up periods of 48 to 320 months after treatment. One patient required superficial x-ray treatment for recurrent disease. No serious complications developed with the treatment and no progressive cataracts have occurred.

Aged↗
PubMed1979

Postoperative beta irradiation in the treatment of pterygium.

High recurrence rates are reported after surgical treatment of pterygia. With the use of beta irradiation, the recurrence rate drops dramatically. This paper describes technic and dosage used in a group of patients receiving postoperative beta irradiation. Two thirds of these patients, however, had at least two surgical procedures. A recurrence rate of 3.5% was observed, with no apparent morbidity.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Malignant salivary gland tumors of the palate.

Twenty patients with malignant salivary gland tumors of the hard and soft palate were seen at the University of Virginia Hospital from 1956 through 1975. The characteristics of the tumors, including symptoms and histology are reviewed and the results of treatment are analyzed. In particular, the place of radiotherapy in their management has been examined. Primary control by initial surgery alone was achieved in 60% (9/15) of the cases, and, when those patients who received radiotherapy for residual disease or salvage are included, the primary control was 94% (16/17). Five- and ten-year determinate survival rates were 88% and 67%, respectively. From this retrospective analysis and a review of the literature, it appears that radiotherapy has made a very positive contribution to the management of these tumors.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1977

Malignant neoplasms of the nasal cavities and paranasal sinuses: (a retrospective study).

This study presents a retrospective look at 115 patients evaluated here from 1957 to 1974. In this series, 57 percent were males and 43 percent females, 84 percent were Caucasian and 16 percent Negro. Lesions confined to or originating in the antrum made up 67 percent while nonantral lesions were 33 percent. Mean age at diagnosis was 59.1 years. Smoking and drinking history did not appear to be contributory. Antral lesions were retrospectively staged according to Sisson's TNM classification. Sixteen tumor types were involved, with the most common being epidermoid. Diagnosis was most often made by intranasal or Caldwell-Luc biopsy. Most frequent symptoms, as well as earliest symptoms, were nasal obstruction, localized pain, and epistaxis. Average duration of symptoms was 6.4 months. Therapy was generally in the form of radiotherapy alone, preoperative radiotherapy and surgery, surgery and postoperative radiotherapy, or surgery alone. Local recurrences occurred in 44 percent of antral lesions and 50 percent of non-antral lesions. Regional (cervical) nodal metastases developed in 25 percent of antral lesions and 11 percent of non-antral lesions. Distant metastases developed in 30 percent of antral cases and 35 percent of non-antral cases. Five-year survival was 32 percent (35 percent determinate) for the total group. The more advanced the staging of the antral lesions, the worse the prognosis. Best survival figures were in the areas of preoperative radiotherapy and surgery at 38 percent (43 percent) and surgery alone at 56 percent (59 percent).

Adolescent↗