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Biomedical subjects

W E Bruce

Publications and source records attributed to W E Bruce.

6 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1990

The Bain, ADE, and Enclosed Magill breathing systems. A comparative study during controlled ventilation.

The Enclosed Magill, Humphrey ADE and the Bain breathing systems are all used for controlled ventilation of the lungs. This study compares the three systems in vitro with a lung model and in clinical practice. No difference was observed, with ventilatory variables commonly used in clinical practice, between the Bain and the ADE, while significantly lower end-tidal carbon dioxide values were observed with the Enclosed Magill (about 7%). Lower fresh gas flows can be used under these circumstances to maintain normocapnia with the Enclosed Magill than either the Bain or the Humphrey ADE.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Preliminary evaluation of the Enclosed Magill Breathing System.

The Enclosed Magill anaesthetic breathing system may be used for both spontaneous ventilation and controlled ventilation with similar fresh gas flows. During spontaneous ventilation, a fresh gas flow between estimated alveolar ventilation and minute ventilation is adequate and the system performs as a Mapleson A type breathing system. For controlled ventilation, a fresh gas flow of 70-100 ml kg-1 min-1 produces normocapnia in most subjects, as demonstrated in this limited study. These values are similar to those demonstrated for type D breathing systems. It is suggested from this preliminary study that the breathing system conforms to the requirements of a universal breathing system in as much as similar fresh gas flows are used in both modes of ventilation.

Anesthesia, Closed-Circuit↗
PubMed1989

A comparison of anaesthetic breathing systems during spontaneous ventilation. An in-vitro study using a lung model.

Five anaesthetic breathing systems (Magill, Lack, Humphrey ADE, enclosed Magill and Bain) were compared using spontaneous ventilation in a simple lung model. The fresh gas flow at which rebreathing occurred was determined for each system by the application of four modified definitions of rebreathing. Two were based on the measurement of minimum inspired and two on end-expired carbon dioxide. The four A systems performed similarly with each individual definition. The rebreathing points found for each individual breathing system differed markedly between definitions, with those determined by the minimum inspired CO2 occurring at low, and probably misleading, FGF/VE ratio. The Bain system demonstrated rebreathing at considerably higher fresh gas flows whichever definition was used.

Anesthesiology↗
PubMed1983

Organic brain dysfunction and the difficult patient.

Sixteen patients considered "difficult" by the staff of a family practice center were matched for age and sex with sixteen "average" patients, and both groups were tested on two standard indicators of organic brain dysfunction. Both groups of patients showed abnormal impairment of visual-motor coordination, with greater impairment among the difficult patients. Difficult patients showed significantly greater impairment of verbal abstract reasoning, indicating problems with cognitive skills. These findings suggest the presence of organic brain dysfunction among the difficult patients, yet none carried a diagnostic listing or hypothesis of organicity. With the current emphasis upon the "biopsychosocial" medical model, patients with organic brain impairment may be mislabeled with psychiatric or psychosocial diagnoses.

Bender-Gestalt Test↗
PubMed1982

The family circle method for integrating family systems concepts in family medicine.

The family circle method is a process that allows individuals to draw a schematic diagram of their family system. It is closely allied with family systems theory and family medicine philosophy. The method is readily understandable with brief instructions. Individuals can create a family circle drawing in as little as two or three minutes. Once instructions are given, the presence of the physician is not required during the drawing. Family circle drawings will often illustrate, in graphic form, patterns of closeness and distance, of power and decision making, of family alliances and boundaries. The drawings provide at a glance an overview of the family system as seen by the person who does the drawing. The drawings are a rich source of information concerning family dynamics and are useful for setting goals for changes in the family system.

Adolescent↗