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Biomedical subjects

W F Sample

Publications and source records attributed to W F Sample.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1980

Chromosome findings in 2,500 second trimester amniocenteses.

We have analyzed the chromosome abnormalities found in 2,500 amniocenteses for prenatal diagnosis; 1,887 (75%) were performed because the maternal age was 34 years or more. Chromosome abnormalities were detected in 1.80% of those referred for advanced maternal age, 1.2% between ages 34 and 39 years and 4.6% 40 years and over. Of these, four occurred in women who would have been 34 years at delivery (2.9%). Trisomy 21 accounted for 50% of the chromosome abnormalities; sex chromosome abnormalities, for 25%; the remaining 25% was divided equally between trisomy 18 and partial trisomies and mosaics. Unexpected translocations were found in 0.4%, of which two-thirds were balanced and identified in one parent. The accuracy was 99.6%.

Amniocentesis↗
PubMed1980

The ultrasound spectrum of prune-belly syndrome.

The sonographic features of prune-belly syndrome are illustrated and described, corresponding to a classification based on clinical and radiographic findings. The severity of urinary tract involvement determines to which group a given patient is assigned. In group I, the kidneys are dysplastic, with no appreciable surrounding renal parenchyma. In group II, there is marked dilatation of the ureter and mild dilatation or no dilatation of the renal pelvis and calyces. In group III, the involvement is milder, ranging from the sonographic findings typical of group II to those of normal-appearing urinary tract.

Abdominal Muscles↗
PubMed1980

Ultrasonographic spectrum of choledochal cysts in children.

Four different sonographic patterns which may be encountered in choledochal cyst are described. The most common form is concentric dilatation of the common bile duct (Type I). Rarely eccentric dilatation of the common bile duct, diverticulum, may be seen (Type II). Both forms of the disease may (Types IB and IIB) or may not (Types IA and IIA) be asso"iated with intrahepatic biliary dilatation.

Child↗
PubMed1980

The ultrasonic and biochemical diagnosis of pancreatitis in children.

Pancreatic ultrasonography and the determination of serum amylase and amylase creatinine clearance ration were performed on 17 normal children and on 35 children with abdominal pain. In all 17 normal subjects the echodensity of the pancreas was equal to or greater than that of the liver. Nineteen patients with abdominal pain had reduced echodensity of the pancreas when compared to that in normal children, and two of the 19 had pseudocysts. Serum amylase values and/or amylase creatinine clearance ratio correlated poorly with ultrasonic and clinical evidence of pancreatitis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Ultrasonic diagnosis of infrahepatic interruption of the inferior vena cava with azygos (hemiazygos) continuation.

Two patients with infrahepatic interruption of the inferior vena cava (IVC) with azygos (hemiazygos) continuation were examined ultrasonographically and the findings compared to seven normal studies. Pathognomonic ultrasonographic features of this anomaly are easily demonstrated and include absence of the IVC at the level of the liver and independent drainage of the confluence of hepatic veins into the right atrium. Conventional venography can now be replaced by ultrasonic examination to establish this diagnosis. The embryology, anatomy and clinical implications of this entity are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

The ultrasonographic diagnosis of cholecystitis and cholelithiasis in children.

Cholecystitis and cholelithiasis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of abdominal pain in children. Ultrasonography should be a primary screening test because it allows rapid evaluation of the gallbladder and identifies other possible causes of the symptomatology. The presence of a thickened gallbladder wall, cholelithiasis, or a nonvisualized gallbladder indicates gallbladder disease. Since acalculous cholecystitis is more common in children than it is in adults, it is particularly important to examine the gallbladder wall carefully for evidence of thickening.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Sonography of hepatic amebic abscesses.

The spectrum of gray scale ultrasonographic patterns are described as seen in 17 hepatic amebic abscesses in eight patients. Of the abscesses 16 had a lower gray tone than the adjacent normal liver. In patients with multiple lesions, generally there was a reciprocal relation between abscess size and echogenicity and a direct relation between internal echogenicity and through transmission. The results in these eight patients suggest a role for ultrasound both in the diagnosis and treatment of hepatic amebic abscesses.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Follow-up of 2000 second-trimester amniocenteses.

The authors analyzed the outcome of 2000 consecutive second-trimester amniocenteses. Seventy-three percent were performed for maternal age of 34 years or more. The risk of spontaneous abortion before 28 weeks' gestation was 1.3% and for stillbirth or neonatal death, 1.4%. Total fetal loss was 2.7%, compared with 2.2% in a control population. Congenital malformations were found in 1.6% of the study group and in 1.9% of controls; no increase in skeletal problems was observed. Prematurity, defined as a birth weight of less than 2500 g, was noted in 3.6%, compared with 3.7% and 3.9% in 2 control populations. Respiratory difficulties persisting for more than 24 hours were observed in 0.8% of patients, compared with 0.7% of controls. Analyses of the outcome of amniocenteses performed at a single large center do not show an increase in perinatal complications or malformations.

Abortion, Spontaneous↗
PubMed1979

The use of computed tomography to evaluate suspected mediastinal tumors.

Thirty patients with suspected mediastinal tumors were evaluated by computed tomography (CT) at UCLA Medical Center. Twenty patients with myasthenia gravis were examined for possible thymomas, benign and malignant; and 10 patients were studied for other mediastinal masses (including teratoma, seminoma, mediastinal lipomatosis, carcinoma, lymphoma, and paravertebral abscess). The CT scan was found useful in several respects: (1) yielding information not available by conventional radiographic techniques; (2) defining the anatomical location and extent of mediastinal tumors; (3) detecting pulmonary metastasis and involvement of mediastinal nodes in cases of malignancy; and (4) establishing the diagnosis of benign mediastinal fatty masses. On the basis of our early experience, we believe CT is a valuable adjunct in the preoperative assessment of patients with suspected mediastinal tumors.

Humans↗
PubMed1979

Ultrasonography of the diaphragmatic crura.

The diaphragmatic crura are being recognized with increasing frequency on routine sonograms. In a study of 100 random patients the right crus was seen in parasagittal scans in 50% of patients and in transverse scans in approximately 90%. The left crus was not specifically identified on parasagittal scans, but was visible in about 50% of patients on transverse scans. Longitudinal coronal approaches can significantly improve visualization of the crura.

Diaphragm↗
PubMed1979

Ultrasonic evaluation of abdominal gastrointestinal tract duplication in children.

Ultrasonographic evaluation of a suspected abdominal mass in children is becoming routine. Recognition of a rare congenital anomaly known as duplication of the gastrointestinal tract might aid in diagnosis and obviate the need for an extensive workup. Two cases are presented that clearly demonstrate the ultrasonographic spectrum of findings in this condition, ranging from a sonolucent cyst to an echogenic mass. An echogenic inner rim seen ultrasonographically is highly suggestive of the diagnosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Cholecystosonography--the junctional fold.

Three cases are presented in which a fold occurred along the posterior wall of the gallbladder at the junction of the body and infundibulum at cholecystosonography. On the initial supine scans, this finding suggested a small polyp in 1 case and a calculus in the other 2. Familiarity with this normal variant as well as adherence to correct scan methodology should help to further reduce erroneous diagnoses.

Gallbladder↗
PubMed1978

Pelvic ultrasonography in pediatric and adolescent endocrine disorders.

Pelvic ultrasonography was employed in the evaluation of 57 pediatric and adolescent patients with disorders of sexual development or differentiation. It provided a rapid and accurate method for: (1) detection of the presence of a uterus and its stimulation by estrogen; (2) detection of ovaries in children over the age of two years and assessment of their size and symmetry, and (3) identifying ovarian pathology such as cystic areas. Its value as an additional diagnostic modality in the approach to the infant with ambiguous genitalia, the child with precocious puberty, and the adolescent with amenorrhea, hirsuitism, or virilization was demonstrated.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

The unsoftened portion of the uterus: a pitfall in gray-scale ultrasound studies during mid-trimester pregnancy.

A review of 322 second-trimester gestations evaluated with gray-scale ultrasound frequently revealed a locally thickened or "unsoftened" portion of the uterus. The texture and gray-tone patterns of this region as well as the other gestational components are reviewed; pitfalls in identification are outlined, and factors responsible for difficulty in amniocentesis are reported.

Amniocentesis↗