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Biomedical subjects

W Friedrich

Publications and source records attributed to W Friedrich.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

NK cell function in severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID): evidence of a common T and NK cell defect in some but not all SCID patients.

The immunologic work-up of eight infants with the clinical diagnosis of severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) was performed with special emphasis on natural killer (NK) cell function and ontogeny. Contrary to previous reports, our study shows that not all SCID patients lack NK activity; some may even express very high NK- and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). The present group of eight SCID infants was homogeneous with respect to normal levels of the purine metabolism enzymes adenosine deaminase (ADA) and purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP). They all had low serum Ig levels and were defective for specific antibody formation against BSA and diphtheria toxin (DiT). None of the infants' peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) proliferated significantly upon in vitro stimulation with PHA, concanavalin A (Con A), pokeweed mitogen (PWM), and irradiated allogeneic lymphocytes. Seven of eight patients, however, responded significantly to mitogenic factors present in a lectin-free interleukin 2 (IL 2) preparation, and two exhibited a positive costimulation as well with simultaneous exposure to IL 2 + Con A. The lymphocyte marker analysis revealed high percentages of OKT10+ cells in seven of eight infants, whereas peripheral T cells (OKT3+) with suppressor/killer (OKT8+) or helper/inducer (OKT4+) phenotypes were abnormally low in all infants with one exception. The PBMC of two patients formed low to normal percentages of E rosettes but expressed no B cell markers (B-/SCID). The six other infants had high percentages of B cells (B+/SCID) but lacked E rosette-forming cells. High NK and ADCC activity was found in the two B-/SCID patients. The B+/SCID infants either totally lacked NK and ADCC function (four of six) or expressed low to normal NK activity together with some T cell markers as revealed by monoclonal antibody staining but not by E rosette formation (two of six). From the data presented, an ontogenic model is proposed that assumes the status of an independent cell lineage in between T cells and monocytes for human NK cells, or that places these cells in close proximity to early differentiation steps of the T cell lineage. In any case, NK cell function clearly constitutes an additional parameter of heterogeneity in the immunologic analysis of SCID.

Adenosine Deaminase↗
PubMed1983

Monitoring of radioiodine in nuclear medical therapy.

The composition of the radioiodine species that is released in a hospital by nuclear medical therapy is investigated. More than 90% are found to be organic iodine. This leads to a reduction of the calculated radiation exposure in the environment by more than a factor of ten with regard to pure elemental iodine releases. The organic iodine is not formed by chemical reactions in the air of the rooms butoriginates in patients, who are treated with 131I. Effective half-lives and release factors for exhalation were determined by monitoring the exhaled air of the patients.

Air↗
PubMed1982

Abnormal humoral immune responses in peripheral blood lymphocyte cultures of bone marrow transplant recipients.

The present study was aimed at investigating recovery of humoral immunity in vitro after bone marrow transplantation in patients with acute leukemia and severe aplastic anemia. Hemolytic plaque assays were utilized to quantitate pokeweed mitogen-stimulated polyclonal immunoglobulin production and sheep erythrocyte antigen-specific antibody responses in cultures of peripheral blood mononuclear cells of 39 patients beginning at 1 month, for variable periods up to a maximum of 4 years after marrow transplantation. Three phases were identified: an early period of primary B cell dysfunction with concomitant immunoregulatory T cell abnormalities--i.e., decreased helper and increased suppressor activities; an intermediate phase in which B cell dysfunction could be attributed in large measure to immunoregulatory T cell abnormalities; and a late phase of normal B and T lymphocyte functions. Patients with graft-versus-host disease differed from those without it in that they often did not manifest increased T cell suppressor activity in the early period, and they were noted to have prolonged and profound B and T cell abnormalities in the chronic phase of their disease. In selected patients, simultaneous assessment of ratios of Leu-2 to Leu-3 antigens on T cells by monoclonal antibodies and of immunoregulatory T cell functions revealed a correlation between the two only late in the post-transplant period. These studies provide an insight into the ontogeny of B cell function in the post-transplant period and indicate that in certain situations phenotypic alterations in T cell subsets cannot reliably be used to predict abnormalities in their function in recipients of marrow transplantation.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1982

[Results of gonadotropin therapy in hypogonadotropic anovulation].

Combined FSH and HCG treatment was applied to patients in whom anovulation had been found to be the cause of sterility. Results were separately evaluated for patients in normal gonadotrophic conditions, on the one hand, and those in hypogonadotrophic conditions, on the other. They were compared with findings obtained from other groups between which no distinction had been possible due to the use of earlier methods for gonadotrophin determination. Lower RIA values for FSH or LH seemed to be more promising in terms of therapeutic success, with gravidity having been recorded from 44 per cent of hypogonadotrophic patients. The conclusion was drawn that prolactin-, FSH- or LH-RIA methods should be practicable for optimum treatment on a routine basis of patients with sterility due to anovulation. The data reported in this paper were derived from 54 patients in 117 therapeutic series.

Anovulation↗
PubMed1982

[Breast feeding under different nutritional and nursing conditions. Analysis of 644 newborn infants, 1979-1981].

The effects of different nutritional patterns and nursing conditions on the form of newborn feeding were retrospectively analysed. A comparison was made of 644 infants born between 1979 and 1981. Feeding in 1979 was based on a regime adapted from Kellner. Gradual increase in feeding in the first days of age was resumed as of 1980.--The percentage of breast-fed newborns was affected by feeding plans. Gradual increase of daily food supply caused increase in the number of breast-fed children. Close contact between mother and child, as in being enabled by the partial rooming-in system, was found to be the strongest stimulation for breast feeding.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

[Coincidence of lethal B-streptococcal disease of newborn with acute puerperal polyarthritis of mother due to infectious allergy (author's transl)].

Reported in this paper is a lethal B-streptococcal disease of a newborns which grew manifest as meningitis. It had been caused by Type Ic B-streptococci. The same pathogen was isolated from the mother's vaginal secretion. The mother fell sick with acute allergico-infectious polyarthritis, ten days after birth. This coincidence between infection of the newborn and the mother's puerperal disease is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

[Radio-immune assay for determination of testosterone and representation of Y-bodies - sufficiently dependable methods for prenatal diagnosis of sex (author's transl)].

Results obtained from prenatal diagnosis of sex by radio-immunological determination of testosterone in amniotic fluid are compared with findings recorded by representation of Y-bodies and with results of chromosomal analysis. In no single case was a false result obtained from the two former methods, when used together. Hence, chromosomal analysis proved to be necessary only in something between five and eight per cent of all examinations.

Amniotic Fluid↗
PubMed1980

Diurnal change of serum androstenedione and testosterone and response to hCG and dexamethasone in women with polycystic ovaries, adrenal hyperandrogenism and unexplained hirsutism.

The diurnal change in peripheral serum concentration of androstenedione (A) and testosterone (T) and their response to dexamethasone (DXM) and hCG was measured in 6 women with unexplained hirsutism (H), and the results compared to those from 4 women with proven polycystic ovaries (PCO) and 3 women with proven adrenal hyperandrogenism (AHA). The DXM suppression study was performed on the basis of short-term tests measuring the change in the steroid levels after iv infusion of 20 mg DXM. Response to hCG was assessed by measurement of steroids in serum collected before and for 5 days after im administration of 10 000 IU hCG. The AHA group showed a greater diurnal change than the PCO and the H group. The mean post-administration levels of A and T following DXM infusion in the AHA group were relatively lower than the levels found in both the PCO group (P less than 0.05 for A, P less than 0.10 for T) and the H group (P less than 0.05 for A, P less than 0.01 for T), but were not different between the PCO and H group (P less than 0.80 for A, P less than 0.20 for T). The mean post-administration levels of these androgens following hCG injection in both the PCO group (P less than 0.02 for A, P less than 0.01 for T) and the H group (P less than 0.10 for A, P less than 0.10 for T) were relatively higher than the levels found in the AHA group. These results suggest that in most women with unexplained hirsutism normal-sized ovaries are the source of excessive androgens.

Adenoma↗