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Biomedical subjects

W Harrison

Publications and source records attributed to W Harrison.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Fetal bovine bone cells synthesize bone-specific matrix proteins.

We isolated cells from both calvaria and the outer cortices of long bones from 3- to 5-mo bovine fetuses. The cells were identified as functional osteoblasts by indirect immunofluorescence using antibodies against three bone-specific, noncollagenous matrix proteins (osteonectin, the bone proteoglycan, and the bone sialoprotein) and against type 1 collagen. In separate experiments, confluent cultures of the cells were radiolabeled and shown to synthesize and secrete osteonectin, the bone proteoglycan and the bone sialoprotein by immunoprecipitation and fluorography of SDS polyacrylamide gels. Analysis of the radiolabeled collagens synthesized by the cultures showed that they produced predominantly (approximately 94%) type I collagen, with small amounts of types III and V collagens. In agreement with previous investigators who have employed the rodent bone cell system, we confirmed in bovine bone cells that (a) there was a typical cyclic AMP response to parathyroid hormone, (b) freshly isolated cells possessed high levels of alkaline phosphatase, which diminished during culture but returned to normal levels in mineralizing cultures, and (c) cells grown in the presence of ascorbic acid and beta-glycerophosphate rapidly produced and mineralized an extracellular matrix containing largely type I collagen. These results show that antibodies directed against bone-specific, noncollagenous proteins can be used to clearly identify bone cells in vitro.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1984

Treatment of melancholia with tranylcypromine.

Nine of 12 outpatients meeting DSM-III criteria for melancholia responded to treatment with the monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI) tranylcypromine. Responders were less depressed before treatment and after treatment than were nonresponders. MAOIs appear useful in treating endogenous depressions.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Defining the boundaries of atypical depression.

Psychopharacologist have had a longstanding interest in identifying a depressive subtype which selectively benefits from monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs). A superior rate of improvement with MAOI treatment might help delineate a depressive subgroup with pathophysiology different from other depressive syndromes. Research is described which indicates that patients with reactivity of mood, as well as two of four associated features (hypersomnia, overeating, lethargy, and rejection sensitivity), may have a preferential response to phenelzine as compared with imipramine or placebo. Preliminary data are presented to suggest that patients with reactive mood and only one associated feature may have a preferential response rate to phenelzine compared to imipramine and placebo. Data on patients with reactive mood but no associated features are insufficient at this point to draw any conclusions.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMed1984

Psychopharmacologic validation of atypical depression.

Sixty patients meeting specific criteria for atypical depression completed 6 weeks of double-blind, randomly assigned treatment with phenelzine, imipramine, or placebo. Patients who had a history of spontaneous panic attacks or hysteriod dysphoric features showed extremely low placebo-response rates, moderate responses to imipramine, and high rates of response to phenelzine. Conversely, patients without such features responded moderately well to all three treatments. Based on preliminary data, MAOI-specific atypical depression does appear to exist, although in more delimited forms than previously recognized.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Adverse reactions to monoamine oxidase inhibitors. Part I. A comparative study.

The incidence of major side effects of phenelzine and tranylcypromine is compared with that of imipramine and placebo medication in depressed outpatients. Psychiatric notes in the charts of 198 patients were reviewed. Based on clinical experience and literature review, 14 side effects were selected for study because of serious medical risk or subjective discomfort great enough to require drug discontinuation. Significant differences in risk for major side effects, as well as distinctive side effect profiles for each drug, were found. More side effects occurred on phenelzine, but these tended not to lead to drug discontinuation more often than with tranylcypromine, nor were they accounted for by differences in age, sex, diagnosis, or duration of treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Phenelzine-induced pyridoxine deficiency.

Six patients developed symptoms of pyridoxine deficiency while taking phenelzine. All had low pyridoxine levels, five being abnormally low. In all patients, symptoms responded to the addition of pyridoxine while continuing the antidepressant.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Primary infiltrating signet ring carcinoma of the eyelids.

A 61-year old man presented with a five-year history of a swelling initially developing in his right lower lid that progressed to involve the lateral canthal skin and eventually the upper lid and anterior orbit. He was discovered to have an infiltrating, poorly differentiated, mucin-producing carcinoma. Systemic work-up failed to disclose a visceral malignancy, and it was concluded that his tumor was primary in the lids, arising from an adnexal sweat gland. Three other reports in the literature also share almost identical clinical and pathologic features, in that all of the earlier reports dealt with middle-aged or elderly men who had diffusely indurated lids. Histopathologically, the tumor cells grow diffusely in a sclerotic stroma, and resemble the "histiocytoid" variant of metastatic breast carcinoma to the lids in women. Ultrastructural studies in our case point toward an apocrine origin, although earlier authors have favored an eccrine origin. Despite its indolent clinical course, the tumor is capable of producing regional and distant metastases on long-term follow-up. Complete local excision, possibly necessitating radical surgery, is probably the preferred method of treatment, but local radiotherapy may have a beneficial effect in retarding spread of the disease.

Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous↗
PubMed1983

Metastatic carcinoma masquerading as scleritis.

A 36-year-old white man abruptly developed painless visual loss in his left eye. Fundoscopic evaluation revealed a shallow left superotemporal retinal detachment with an underlying yellowish choroidal infiltrate. Fluorescein angiography disclosed indistinct choroidal leakage, and both B-scan ultrasonography and computed tomography demonstrated superotemporal thickening of the choroid and the sclera. The patient was diagnosed clinically as having a scleritis and an associated exudative retinal detachment. He was placed on a several months' course of systemic prednisone, and despite this regimen, his condition worsened with the appearance of severe pain, proptosis and displacement of the eye, glaucoma, and intense episcleral and scleral injection. The eye was enucleated and displayed externally a massively thickened sclera superotemporally. Light microscopic evaluation of the enucleated globe revealed an extensively necrotic tumor growing diffusely within the choroid; infiltrating viable tumor cells were discovered within the sclera and episclera. The tumor cells had the characteristics of a well-differentiated, mucin-producing adenocarcinoma. Electron microscopic studies demonstrated lumen-forming tumor cells with apical villi, cytoplasmic pseudolumens, pools of cytoplasmic glycogen, and multiple types of inclusions, including mucin, lipid, and electron-dense secretory granules similar to those in pulmonary Clara cells. These findings were consistent with a bronchiolo-alveolar carcinoma. The patient subsequently developed bilateral reticulo-nodular pulmonary infiltrates, also typical of this tumor. The unusual clinical features of this case of "malignant scleritis" are discussed in light of the final diagnosis.

Adenocarcinoma, Bronchiolo-Alveolar↗
PubMed1983

Human sympathetic ophthalmia. An analysis of the inflammatory infiltrate by hybridoma-monoclonal antibodies, immunochemistry, and correlative electron microscopy.

A case of human sympathetic ophthalmia, enucleated after surgical trauma, was studied by means of hybridoma-derived monoclonal antibodies, histochemistry, and transmission electron microscopy. The choroidal infiltrate was composed predominantly of T-lymphocytes of the suppressor/cytotoxic subset (OKT8+); only 5% of the cells were immunoglobulin-producing B-lymphocytes (kappa or lambda light chain positive), thereby explaining the well-known paucity of plasma cells in the infiltrate. The epithelioid cells and phagocytic histiocytes in the choroid were la+ and OKM1+, antigenic determinants specific for bone marrow-derived monocytes, and their cytoplasms exhibited histochemical reactivity for alpha-1-antichymotrypsin and lysozyme. Ultrastructurally, the choroidal epithelioid cells contained single melanin granules in the cytoplasm, but these were membrane-bound and frequently associated with lysosomal material, features militating against these cells being transformed choroidal melanocytes. By means of immunologic and ultrastructural analysis, the Dalen-Fuchs nodules were found to be composed of a mixture of histiocytes (la+ and OKM1+) and depigmented retinal pigment epithelial cells (la- and OKM1-); the latter cells focally formed desmosomes and displayed inclusions of lipofuscin. Scattered within the Dalen-Fuchs nodules were small numbers of T-lymphocytes of the suppressor/cytotoxic subset. We have concluded that the uveitis and retinal pigment epithelial changes are mediated by a T-cell, delayed hypersensitivity pathogenetic mechanism (cell-mediated immunity), possibly directed at surface membrane antigens that may be shared by photoreceptors, retinal pigment epithelial cells, and choroidal melanocytes.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

The multiple determination of illusory contours: 2. An empirical investigation.

Judgments of contour strength or saliency for twenty-four illusory-contour configurations were subjected to a confirmatory factor analysis. A four-factor model that posited the involvement of simultaneous contrast, linear effects (assimilation and dissimilation), depth/completion cues, and feature analyzers accounted for a substantial proportion of the variance in judgments of illusory-contour strength. The hierarchical addition of a fifth factor, diffuse illusory contours, significantly improved the overall fit of the model, but added little to the proportion of explained variance. The taxonomic approach adopted provides support for a multiprocess model of illusory-contour perception.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Case report of carpal tunnel syndrome associated with tranylcypromine.

A man who developed carpal tunnel syndrome while taking tranylcypromine was treated with 300 mg/day of pyridoxine, which resulted in significant improvement. The authors discuss the two major mechanisms by which monoamine oxidase inhibitors can inactivate pyridoxine.

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome↗
PubMed1982

Alveolar soft-part sarcoma.

Alveolar soft-part sarcoma is a slow-growing but nevertheless malignant soft tissue tumour arising in muscle. It occurs most frequently in young women and often presents as a painless swelling in an upper or lower limb. The swelling, which may have been present for a considerable time, is firm and appears to be well circumscribed but it may recur locally after excision. Blood-borne metastases to the lung are common and this is frequently the mode of presentation. Lymphatic metastases are unusual. The tumour is composed of nests of large cells and the histological appearances may resemble those of a renal adenocarcinoma (hypernephroma). Six new cases of this very rare tumour are presented and the published reports are reviewed.

Adult↗