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Biomedical subjects

W Künzel

Publications and source records attributed to W Künzel.

At least 253 records · Page 14Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

[Detoxification of tetanus toxin].

Reported in this paper are experiments conducted to compare formaldehyde, glyoxal, malondialdehyde, succindialdehyde, glutardialdehyde, adipindialdehyde, beta-propiolacton, and pyrocarbonic acid diethylester for their toxifying properties. Tetanus toxin, 1.5 million dlm/ml or 120 binding units, was used. Glutardialdehyde proved to be the most favourable compound and was followed by formaldehyde against the background of the experimental arrangement used, that is determination of concentrations for inactivation and antigenic properties of the toxoids. Glyoxal, malondialdehyde, succindialdehyde, and beta-propiolactone followed in some distance, whereas no inactivation at all was obtained from adipindialdehyde and pyrocarbonic acid diethylester.

Adipates↗
PubMed1978

[Incidence and intensity of mottled teeth (fluorosis) in regions where the drinking water has different contents of magnesium and calcium, respectively (author's transl)].

A total of 1612 seven- to sixteen-year-olds of both sexes were included in a study of which the purpose was to determine whether different concentrations of magnesium and calcium, respectively, in the drinking water (Ore Mountains) have any effects upon the mottling of the enamel of permanent incisors. It was not possible to determine an epidemiological relationship, but what could be reconfirmed was that the incidence and intensity of mottled teeth correspond with the drinking water fluorine level.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

[Added caries prevention by means of topical fluoride application in children of a district with fluoridation].

The effects of weekly mouth-rinsings with a 0.5% sodium fluoride solution were clinically and radiologically investigated in 58 children (age 13.6 years) from a town with water fluoridation (Karl-Marx-Stadt, 1.0 +/- 0.1 p.p.m.F) by means of a longitudinal study on the premolars and canines. As compared to an untreated control group (48 subjects), a 42% inhibition of fissure caries increment (DF/S index) was stated after 57-fold application (over 24 months).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

The effect of umbilical vein occlusion on fetal oxygenation, cardiovascular parameters, and fetal electroencephalogram.

In 11 fetal sheep experiments, the blood pressure in the fetal aorta (FA) and in the umbilical vein (UV) was measured following umbilical vein occlusion (UVO), as was the fetal heart rate (FHR), pH, Pco2, and oxygen saturation (So2) in both fetal vessels, and umbilical blood flow (Qumb) of the common UV. The fetal electroencephalogram was recorded continuously throughout the experiment. The results (No. = 17) were grouped according to the response of FA So2 into moderate (So2greater than40 per cent, mean 49.8, S.D. 6.3, and severe So2less than40 per cent, mean 20.4, S.D. 9.2). After 8 to 10 seconds, the fetal blood pressure in FA increased. Umbilical vein blood pressure increased to 25 mm. Hg (S.D. 8) and 35 mm. Hg (S.D. 9) in the moderate and severe groups, respectively. As a result of the decreased perfusion pressure (FA-UV blood pressure) across the fetal side of the placenta, the Qumb fell from 147 ml. per kilogram per minute (S.D. 57) and 30 ml. per kilogram per minute (S.D. 55) to 84 ml. per kilogram per minute (S.D. 48) and 120 ml. per kilogram per minute (S.D.22), respectively. The fall in FA So2 was related to the decrease in Qumb: FA So2=37.6 x log Qumb - 22.8 (2alphaless than 0.001). There was a mild decrease in So2 from 70 to 55 per cent when Qumb fell from 250 to 120 ml. per kilogram per minute. Below 80 to 120ml. per kilogram per minute, the fall in FA So2 was almost linear. The So2 in the UV remained constant so that arteriovenous difference for oxygen (AV Do2) increased. Oxygen consumption decreased almost linearly when Qumb fell below 80 to 120 ml. per kilogram per minute. The fetal electroencephalogram showed no significant change in voltage and the faster activities. From these observations, it is concluded that a decrease in Qumb following UVO jeopardizes the fetus only if a critical Qumb of 80 to 120 ml. per kilogram per minute and fetal artery So2 of 50 to 60 per cent is achieved.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

[Acute reduction of uterine blood flow and fetal heart rate changes in pregnant sheep near term].

Five merino sheep near term were used for acute preparations to investigate the influence of basal uterine blood flow (UBF), basal fetal oxygenation and basal fetal heart rate (FHR) on FHR changes elicited by acute reduction of UBF. The ewes were anaesthesized with pentobarbital and Alloferin was given for relaxation. Ventilation was maintained via a tracheal tube by a Starling pump. Maternal heart rate, arterial pressure and intrauterine pressure as well as fetal heart rate and umbilical artery pressure were recorded continously. Initially blood flow was recorded by cuff flow meter sequentially in both uterine arteries for a short time in order to determine total UBF and the ratio of flows. During the UBF reduction sequence flow was recorded in the artery of the gravid horn continously and measurement was corrected according to the initial ratio of flows in both arteries, presuming that this ratio would remain constant throughout the course of the experiment. Repetitive and progressive acute reduction of UBF (approximately 25%, 50% and 100% from basal UBF value) was achieved three times, lasting 120 sec each and each approximatly 12 min apart, by flow meter controlled partial or total occlusion of the aorta abdominalis of the ewe with a balloon catheter inserted into the aorta. (In some cases the lateral abdominal section was left open and the aorta was compressed manually). Before, 90 sec after the beginning and 10 min after the end of UBF reduction blood samples were taken from the fetal catheters (Fig. 3). In two preparations this sequence was repeated once after complete recovery of FHR.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Fetal and maternal blood glucose, insulin and acid base observations following maternal glucose infusion.

The aim of the present investigation was to examine the fetal and maternal blood glucose and insulin response following glucose infusion to the mother. The studies were performed on 11 primigravid patients with a gestational age of 38-40 weeks during the first stage of labor. Glucose was given intravenously by a bolus injection of 330 mg/kg body weight, followed by a glucose infusion of 27.5 mg/kg/min for 60 min. Glucose concentration, immuno-reactive insulin (IRI), pH and base excess of the maternal and fetal blood were measured before and during maternal glucose load. Maternal blood glucose rose within 10 min. up to 280.0 mg% (SD 25.9). This level could be fairly maintained throughout the experiment. The maternal glucose was after 60 min. infusion 326.5 mg% (SD 46.9). Fetal glucose concentration rose continuously from 65.8 mg% (SD 5.8) at control to 249.2 mg% (SD 23.3) after 60 min. The increase of maternal and fetal glucose was associated with an elevation of immuno-reactive insulin (IRI). The maternal insulin was 24.0 micronU/ml (SD 8.0). It was scattered over a wide range (55.4 micronU/ml-217.1 micronU/ml) after 60 min. glucose infusion. The fetal insulin was 17.0 micronU/ml (SD 5.2) at control and rose by 86.5% (SD 80.5) after 60 min. glucose load. One case of a mother with a subclinical diabetes mellitus deviated where the fetal insulin rose from 26.0 micronU/ml at control to 215.6 micronU/ml after 60 min. infusion. The increase of insulin per glucose rise was correlated to fetal body weight. During glucose infusion to the mother of both, fetal and maternal, acid base parameters remained unchanged. From these observations it may be concluded that in the human fetus insulin secretion following a single glucose load is generally low, however, it increases in cases where the maternal insulin response to glucose load is abnormal. This might be related to a chronic stimulation by glucose of the fetal pancreatic islet cells in poorly controlled diabetic and possibly prediabetic patients.

Acid-Base Equilibrium↗
PubMed1977

[Influence of internal fluoride uptake on the eruption of deciduous teeth].

The possibility of influencing the eruptive behavior of deciduous teeth through the intake of fluorine is analyzed by comparing the average dates of eruption determined for several thousand subjects living in regions in which the drinking water has low and optimum contents of fluorine.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1977

[Clinical-radiological parallel control of a longitudinal study of the anti-caries effect of aminofluoride applied locally for 7 years in a double-blind test].

The determination of anticarious effects of topically administered fluorine compounds is usually based on short-time cross-sectional or longitudinal studies. In a comparison made for a period of more than seven years the anticarious effects of amine fluorides administered to selected groups of test subjects have been studied under controlled clinical experimental conditions.

Child↗
PubMed1977

[Fetal heart rate, dip area and acid base observations in breech and vertex deliveries (author's transl)].

Fetal heart rate (FHR), dip area (DA) and the acid base status (AB) were investigated in breech deliveries (BD) (N= 167) and in group of spontaneously delivered vertex presentations (VP) (NFHR, DA=50; NAB=109). 90 minutes prior to delivery fetal heart rate and dip area were in both groups not significantly different. However as labor progressed the fetal heart rate as well as dip area increased in breech deliveries much more (FHR 163 (SD 16.2) beats/min, DA 1,07 (SD 0,80) cm2/min) than in VP (FHR 136 (SD 14,8) beats/min, DA 0,65 (SD 0,39) cm2/min) (2p less than 0,001). The base excess of the umbilical arterial blood was correlated to the DA measured from 10 minutes prior to birth till the delivery of the baby: BE = -8,2 --0,3 (DA) (2alpha less than 0,01). The frequency of acidotic babies was more in vaginally delivered breech presentations (pH less than 7,20 = 30, 2%, BE greater than -10 meq/l = 43,7%) than in breech deliveries by caesarean section (pH less than 7,20 = 19,1%, BE greater than -10 meq/l = 24,4%) and vertex presentations (pH less than 7,20 - 5,5%, BE greater than -10 meq/l = 14,6%), respectively. The distance between the vertex and the umbilicus was 28 cm and between the breech and the umbilicus 9,4 cm. From this anatomical observation it is concluded that umbilical cord compression, preferentially umbilicai vein occlusion takes place in breech presentation at an earlier point on than in vertex presentation. The rise of fetal heart rate and the increase in dip area are showing in addition that the fetal buffer base in breech presentation will be reduced during the last time course of the second stage of labor.

Acid-Base Equilibrium↗
PubMed1977

[Pharmacokinetic of piracetam during labour influence to acid-base-status in maternal and fetal blood (author's transl)].

PIRACETAM concentrations in fetal and maternal blood were measured during the first and second stage of labor and the elimination in maternal and fetal blood was studied. Fetal heart-rate, pH- and base-excess of the maternal and fetal blood were investigated to evaluate the influence of PIRACETAM on the acid-base-status of mother and child. PIRACETAM was administered intravenously to 43 patients in a dosage 2 g, 4 g and 6 g. The concentration in the maternal and fetal plasma was measured by gaschromatography. Before and after the injection of PIRACETAM and at delivery, blood was sampled from the mother's earlobe and the umbilical artery and vein, respectively. The results were compared with a control group. There was an exponential fall of PIRACETAM concentration in maternal and fetal blood. Maternal and fetal elimination half-life of PIRACETAM was about 112-98 minutes and 200 minutes, respectively. A fairly good correlation between the concentration of PIRACETAM in maternal and fetal blood was found. The fetal PIRACETAM concentration was about 50% below the maternal values. Fetal heart-rate, maternal and fetal pH- and base-excess-values were not significantly altered following PIRACETAM infusion. It may be concluded, that there exists a transfer of PIRACETAM across the placental barrier. However, the cytoprotective effect of PIRACETAM, as described in animal observations and by investigations in human, could not be verified by the methods and technology used in this study.

Acid-Base Equilibrium↗