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Biomedical subjects

W Kindermann

Publications and source records attributed to W Kindermann.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

[How do beta receptor blockers modify physical performance and metabolism?].

Beta-blockers reduce physical capacity and lead to an increased sensation of muscular fatigue. The limits of endurance capacity, which is important for both leisure-sports and fitness, are set primarily by metabolic factors, because the energy liberation via the metabolism of lipids and carbohydrates is reduced as a result of the inhibition of lipolysis and glycogenolysis. Beta 1-selective blockers influence the physical capacity less effectively on any intensity level as non-selective blockers do. The latter may lead to hypoglycemic reactions. Beta-blockers with intrinsic sympathicomimetic activity (ISA) are not superior to others. Physically active patients should be treated with beta 1-selective blockers.

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗
PubMed1990

Beta-endorphin, adrenocorticotropic hormone, cortisol and catecholamines during aerobic and anaerobic exercise.

Twelve non-specifically trained volunteers (aged 26.5 years, SD 3.6) performed exhausting incremental graded exercise (ST) and 1-min anaerobic cycle ergometer exercise (AnT) at 2-h intervals for the purpose of investigating beta-endorphin (beta-E) behaviour dependent on exercise intensity and anaerobic metabolism. In order to determine [beta-E], adrenocorticotropic hormone [ACTH], cortisol [C], adrenaline [A] and noradrenaline [NA] concentrations, venous blood samples were collected prior and subsequent to exercise until the 20th min of the recovery period, as well as in ST before and after exceeding the individual anaerobic threshold (THan,i). Before, during and after ST, lactate concentration, heart rate and perceived degree of exertion were also determined; after AnT maximum lactate concentration was measured. Both types of exercise led to significant increases in [beta-E], [ACTH], [A] and [NA], with levels of [beta-E] and [ACTH] approximately twice as high after ST as after AnT. The [C] increased significantly only after ST. During ST significant changes in [beta-E] and [ACTH] were measured only after exceeding THan,i. At all measuring times before and after ST and AnT both hormones correlated positively. In AnT the increases of [beta-E] and [A] demonstrated a correlation (r = 0.65; P less than 0.05). Both in AnT and ST there was a relationship between the maximum concentrations of beta-E and lactate (r = 0.63 and 0.71; each P less than 0.05). We therefore conclude that physical exercise with increasing or mostly anaerobic components leads to an increase in [beta-E], the extent correlating with the degree of lactate concentration.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
PubMed1990

Changes in lymphocyte subpopulations after prolonged exercise.

In order to assess the changes in the cellular immune system, 27 healthy male subjects were selected who participate in leisure-time sports and in whom measurements of the lymphocyte subsets in venous blood were carried out before and after a standardized endurance exercise test (EI, 60 minutes in length, intensity: 63% of maximum performance). The percentages of the following parameters were measured: total T-lymphocytes, B-lymphocytes and O-lymphocytes as well as T4-lymphocytes (helper T-lymphocytes, CD4+) and T8-lymphocytes (cytotoxic/suppressor T-lymphocytes, CD8+). In a subgroup consisting of 8 subjects, the parameters indicated above were measured again 24 hours following E. In order to check the reproducibility of the findings, the endurance exercise test was repeated 21/2 weeks later (EII).

Adult↗
PubMed1989

One- and two-dimensional echocardiography in bodybuilders using anabolic steroids.

The object of this study was to investigate the possible concentric increase in the left ventricular (LV) wall thickness by intensive strength training and to differentiate between the specific effect of the strength training itself and the influence of anabolic drugs. In this study 21 top-level bodybuilders [users of anabolic steroids (A): n = 14; non-users (N): n = 7] underwent one-dimensional and two-dimensional echocardiography as well as a cycle ergometer test. In both groups blood pressure at rest and during ergometric exercise was within the normal range. In spite of the same amount of time being spent on training, A showed significantly better power results than N. Total heart volume (A = 11.3 +/- 0.9 ml.kg-1; N = 11.9 +/- 0.9 ml.kg-1) and LV muscle mass were almost identical in A and N and correlated significantly with body weight and lean body mass respectively. The body dimension-related diastolic LV diameter was significantly lower in A (0.567 +/- 0.062 mm.kg-1) than in N (0.639 +/- 0.040 mm.kg-1). An increase in the LV posterior wall (p less than 0.01) and septum thickness (ns) resulted in increased LV wall thickness:diameter (p less than 0.01) and LV muscle mass:volume (p less than 0.05) ratios in A (0.458 +/- 0.590; 1.38 +/- 0.25 g.ml-1) in comparison to N (0.356 +/- 0.077; 1.16 +/- 0.17 g.ml-1). The septal:posterior wall thickness ratio was similar for both groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Energy metabolism and regulatory hormones in women and men during endurance exercise.

Gender differences in the changes substrates of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism as well as in adrenaline, noradrenaline, growth hormone, insulin and cortisol were investigated in 24 women and 24 men during exhaustive endurance exercise. Training history and current performance capacity were taken into consideration in the design of the study. Since previous papers present conflicting results the purpose of the present study was to obtain further information regarding possible gender differences in lipid metabolism and its regulation by hormones. Non-endurance-trained women and men each ran 10 km on a treadmill at an intensity of 75% of VO2max; endurance-trained women and men ran 14 and 17 km, respectively, at an intensity of 80% of VO2max. Blood glucose levels in non-endurance-trained women were higher when compared to non-endurance-trained men. This might be explained by increased mobilization of free fatty acids from intramuscular fat depots during energy production in non-specifically trained women. In contrast, no substantial gender differences in endurance-trained persons were seen in lipid metabolism. The changes in substrates of lipid metabolism confirm the higher lipolytic activity and greater utilization of free fatty acids in endurance-trained persons. During endurance exercise, changes in adrenaline, noradrenaline, growth hormone, insulin and cortisol were not substantially affected by the sex of the subjects. This study does not present any conclusive results that endurance-trained persons show gender differences in lipid metabolism and major regulatory hormones.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Lipid profile of body builders with and without self-administration of anabolic steroids.

Twenty-four top-level body builders [13 anabolic steroid users (A); 11 non-users (N)] and 11 performance-matched controls (C) were examined to determine the effect on lipids, lipoproteins and apolipoproteins of many years of body building with and without simultaneous intake of anabolic steroids and testosterone. After an overnight fast, triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TOTC), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLC), the HDLC subfractions HDL2C and HDL3C, as well as apolipoprotein A-I (Apo A-I), apolipoprotein A-II (Apo A-II) and apolipoprotein B (Apo B) were determined. Both A and N, compared to C, showed significantly lower HDLC and higher LDLC concentrations, with the differences between A and C clearly pronounced. In a subgroup of 6 body builders taking anabolic steroids at the time of the study, HDLC, HDL2C, HDL3C, Apo A-I and Apo A-II were all significantly lower and LDLC was significantly higher than in a second subgroup of 7 body builders who had discontinued their intake of anabolic steroids at least 4 weeks prior to the study. In some single cases HDLC was barely detectable (2-7 mg.dl-1). The TG and TOTC remained unchanged. The present findings suggest that many years of body building among top-level athletes have no beneficial effect on lipoproteins and apolipoproteins. Simultaneous use of anabolic steroids results in part in extreme alterations in lipoproteins and apolipoproteins, representing an atherogenic profile. After discontinuing the use of anabolic steroids, the changes in lipid metabolism appear to be reversible.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

One- and two-dimensional echocardiography in body builders and endurance-trained subjects.

The object of the study was to investigate possible myocardial adaptations to intensive body building training and to differentiate them from the athlete's heart resulting from high intensive endurance training. Seven top-level body builders (BB) were examined by one- and two-dimensional echocardiography and bicycle ergometer step test. They were compared with seven highly endurance-trained athletes (E) using the matched pair procedure. BB showed normal blood pressure at rest and during ergometric exercise; their ergometric performance was in the normal range of sedentary subjects. Absolute left ventricular muscle mass (LVMM) as well as one-dimensional measurements of wall thickness and internal diameters were found to be similar in BB and E, while body weight and surface-related values were clearly higher in E. The ratios between LV myocardial thickness and internal diameter (M-mode) as well as between LVMM and LV volume (combined one- and two-dimensional method) were not statistically different between BB (0.356 +/- 0.077 and 1.10 +/- 0.16) and E (0.436 +/- 0.062 and 1.26 +/- 0.21). LV contractility was similar in both groups. Diastolic parameters showed only a slight tendency toward slower isovolumetric relaxation in BB. A significant correlation existed between lean body mass and LVMM in BB but not in E. The findings suggest that intense body building over a period of several years does not induce any form of concentric hypertrophy. Analogously to the increase in body dimensions, body building also causes an increase in heart size with an unchanged mass/volume ratio. There is no evidence of an enlargement of the heart in relation to body weight, as occurs in endurance athletes.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Beta-endorphin, catecholamines, and cortisol during exhaustive endurance exercise.

To assess changes of beta-endorphin during intense endurance exercise, ten nonspecifically trained volunteers (aged 25.7 +/- 2.9 years) were subjected to an exhaustive endurance test on a cycle ergometer at the work load of the individual anaerobic threshold (IAT) determined in a preparatory graded exercise test. Prior to, in 25-min intervals during, and repeatedly subsequent to exercise venous blood samples were drawn to measure the levels of beta-endorphin (beta-E), cortisol (C), adrenaline (A), and noradrenaline (NA). In addition, lactate, heart rate, and rate of perceived exertion were determined. The levels of beta-E remained unchanged during the first 50 min; between the 50th and 75th min beta-E increased by 82% (p less than 0.01). At the end of the exercise (mean exercise time: 89 min), a beta-E level three times the resting level was measured. The maximum exercise-induced increase of beta-E showed a positive correlation to endurance capacity (W.kg-1 of IAT): r = 0.74; p less than 0.05. C exhibited similar changes to beta-E, but the onset of increase was delayed if compared with beta-E; there was a close correlation between these two stress hormones (75th min of exercise: r = 0.91; p less than 0.001). The catecholamines A and NA increased linearly during exercise, without a correlation with the behavior of beta-E being established.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Influence of xamoterol, a partial beta 1-selective agonist, on physical performance capacity and cardiocirculatory, metabolic and hormonal parameters.

In a double-blind, random, cross-over study, 14 healthy male volunteers received xamoterol 200 mg (Corwin; C) twice daily or placebo (P) for two seven-day medication periods to investigate effects on physical performance, cardiocirculatory parameters, metabolism and hormone levels during exercise. An oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was also done. C showed a positive inotropic effect up to an exercise intensity of 100 W, corresponding to a heart rate of about 100 beats.min-1. Chronotropic regulation of the heart remained unchanged, but the increase in systolic blood pressure was more pronounced and the catecholamines behaved as after P. From 150 W onwards, C exhibited beta-blocking properties; heart rate was reduced by up to 8 beats.min-1; systolic blood pressure remained unchanged; and the catecholamines showed a more pronounced increase than after P. Diastolic blood pressure behaved almost identically under all test conditions. With the exception of a slightly increased level of free fatty acids at rest, the parameters of physical performance, lipid and carbohydrate metabolism and the hormone levels under all conditions after C showed similar behaviour to that after as P. The findings indicate that physical performance capacity, cardiocirculatory system, metabolism and hormones were not negatively influenced by C.

Adrenergic beta-Agonists↗
PubMed1987

A 7-week follow-up study of the behaviour of testosterone and cortisol during the competition period in rowers.

Nine rowers (six men of the regional and three women of the national top class) participated in the study. During 7 consecutive weeks of the competition period serum testosterone (T), SHBG, cortisol (C) and urea were determined at the same time every morning under fasting conditions. From the concentrations of T and SHBG the free testosterone fraction (T/SHBG) was calculated, and from the concentrations of T and C the ratio of T/C was derived. The object of the investigation was to gather information on a potentially altered anabolic-catabolic hormone relationship dependent upon the intensity of the individual training periods. All rowers showed a continuous decrease in T, T/SHBG and T/C during the observation period. A week of regenerative training halted the decrease. In two of the oarsmen who discontinued their training after 2 and 3 weeks respectively, T, T/SHBG and T/C showed a normalization in the following weeks. In all subjects the concentrations of urea increased during the first 2 weeks and decreased during the subsequent weeks of intense training and competition. The findings suggest an increase in catabolic activity in periods of intensive physical strain, including competitions. Regenerative phases of training seem to reduce the anabolic-catabolic imbalance.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Effects on physical performance of intrinsic sympathomimetic activity (ISA) during selective beta 1-blockade.

In 15 healthy, not specifically trained volunteers (age: 26.6 +/- 2.7 years) single equipotent doses of a selective beta 1-blocker with intrinsic sympathomimetic activity (ISA) (200 mg Epanolol-Visacor; V) and of a selective beta 1-blocker without ISA (100 mg Metoprolol; M) were compared with placebo (P) with respect to their influence upon physical performance capacity and metabolism in a random, double blind, cross-over experimental setting. The subjects underwent three step by step incremental treadmill tests and three treadmill endurance tests until volitional exhaustion. Maximum running speed and maximum oxygen uptake were used as measures of maximum performance capacity. Running speed and oxygen uptake related to individual anaerobic threshold, and running time and running distance in the endurance tests were used as measures of endurance capacity. Both maximum and endurance performances were reduced significantly by beta-blockade. No relevant differences were discerned between V and M. The uniform reduction in exercise heart rate with both beta-blockers demonstrated the application of equipotent doses. At rest, heart rate was significantly higher under V than under M. Carbohydrate metabolism was unaffected, both beta-blockers showing equal inhibition of lipolysis during exercise. We conclude that intrinsic sympathomimetic activity has no influence upon physical performance and metabolism during selective beta 1-blockade.

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗
PubMed1987

Behaviour of testosterone, sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), and cortisol before and after a triathlon competition.

To provide information on the duration of the regeneration phase after several hours of physical strain, venous blood samples of eight participants in a 1/4 triathlon competition were taken each day at the same time (arrival) for determinations of testosterone (T), SHBG, and cortisol (C). In addition, urea, creatinine, creatinine kinase, and the changes in plasma volume were determined. Directly after arrival, T had not changed substantially, but decreased nonsignificantly on each of the following days and obtained the lowest concentration on the 2nd day after the triathlon. T/SHBG as an expression of free testosterone was significantly reduced on the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th days after the competition. C increased up until the end of the competition by 4.5 times the original value, and during the subsequent days it decreased again to the normal range. Until the end of the observation period on the 4th day after the competition, urea was still significantly elevated. The data suggest an anabolic deficit lasting for several days as a result of prolonged physical strain.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Inhalant abuse and heroin addiction: a comparative study on 574 opiate addicts with and without a history of sniffing.

In the present study, a comparison relating to various social aspects was made between 74 opiate addicts who had abused or continued to abuse solvents and 500 fixers without sniffing experience (SE). The results show clear differences between the two groups with reference to age, sex, social status, socialization conditions, family structure, education, vocational training, drug sequence and criminality as well as attitude and motivation towards withdrawal therapy. Contrary to hitherto existing assumptions, solvent abuse among children and juveniles can lead to opiate addiction, given a certain set of social circumstances. Polytoxicomanic opiate addicts with sniffing experience can be differentiated as a marginal group with particularly unfavorable developmental conditions and a specific course of addiction. The results make it clear that a stronger differentiation is necessary within the group of heroin addicts, which has often been regarded as being homogeneous.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

[Physical performance capacity, metabolism and hormonal behavior as affected by diltiazem].

After giving their informed consent, 16 healthy male physical education students received daily dose of 3 X 60 mg diltiazem or placebo respectively in a double-blind cross-over experimental set-up for consecutive test phases of 3 weeks each. The behaviour of physical performance capacity, metabolism and hormones under diltiazem was investigated during incremental performance tests and during continuous endurance tests on the treadmill. Maximum performance capacity and maximum oxygen uptake as well as endurance capacity remained uninfluenced. Under maximum as well as under lower work loads heart rates were reduced by 3-10 beats/min. Carbohydrate and lipid metabolism including the lipoproteins as well as HGH, cortisol and insulin showed the same behaviour under diltiazem and placebo. Adrenaline and noradrenaline in blood plasma also remained uninfluenced. An impairment of physical performance capacity under diltiazem is not to be expected. This finding is of major importance for persons treated with diltiazem who engage in sport.

Adult↗