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Biomedical subjects

W Meister

Publications and source records attributed to W Meister.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

[Therapy of asthma with theophylline preparations].

Theophylline, 1.3-dimethylpurindione-(2.6), is a common component as well of the basic treatment of obstructive lung disease as of the emergency therapy of asthma. Until now, the mode of action of the bronchodilating effect is not elucidated. Probably, the antagonistic action upon adenosine plays a central role. The clearance of theophylline is decisive for the serum level. It varies inter- and intraindividually, depending upon different factors, e. g. simultaneous application of other drugs, coexisting diseases, and circadian rhythms. Slow-release preparations are a progress in the basic treatment of bronchial asthma and chronic obstructive bronchitis. Among other items, they are especially advantageous in the treatment of bronchial obstructions during night-time. Theophylline-ethylendiamine (aminophylline) can be given intravenously and thus is the drug of choice in severe attacks of asthma. For optimal therapeutic effects, serum levels between 8 and 20 micrograms/ml are necessary. Side effects are observed mainly with serum levels above 15 micrograms/ml, concerning gastrointestinal tract, central nervous system, and cardiovascular system. Mild side effects are frequent. The most serious adverse reaction are epileptiform reactions. In perspective, by differentiation of adenosine-receptor-subtypes, the development of new xanthine-derivatives with most favourable action could be feasible.

Asthma↗
PubMed1988

[Clinical use of theophylline retard Oranienburg].

Theophylline retard "Oranienburg" has been applied in mild and intermediate forms of bronchial asthma as monotherapy (n = 40), and in severe forms of the disease in combination with other antiasthmatics (n = 21). With a dose of 560 mg twice daily the drug showed effective antiasthmatic activity which was especially evident from the possible reduction of corticosteroid requirement. The relative high rate of side effects from the drug can be lowered by stepwise increase and individual adjustment of the dose. In general, treatment should start with 2 tablets per day, given with 12 hours interval. To preserve the slow-release action, tablets should not be cut in half. In individual cases, determination of serum level of the drug may be required. The narrow therapeutic margin and the influence of numerous factors upon the clearance of theophylline require a thorough dosage and observation of the patients. Thus, the favourable properties of the preparation (lasting serum levels, improved compliance by patients) can be fully used.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
PubMed1987

Lipstatin, an inhibitor of pancreatic lipase, produced by Streptomyces toxytricini. II. Chemistry and structure elucidation.

The structure of a new pancreatic lipase inhibitor, lipstatin, produced by Streptomyces toxytricini was determined as (2S,3S,5S,7Z,10Z)-5-[(S)-2-formamido-4-methylpentanoyloxy ]-2-hexyl-3- hydroxy-7,10-hexadecadienoic lactone by spectroscopic and chemical methods. Structurally lipstatin is closely related to the known esterase inhibitor esterastin. It contains a N-formyl-L-leucine side chain instead of the N-acetyl-L-asparagine in esterastin.

Chemical Phenomena↗
PubMed1987

[Glucocorticosteroid therapy in bronchial asthma with special reference to the prevention of life-threatening bronchial obstruction in high-risk asthma].

The treatment of bronchial asthma with glucocorticosteroids requires consideration of unequivocal principles which include strong indication, considering the individual risk-benefit-relation. Glucocorticosteroids should be fitted in a medicamentous-therapeutic hierarchy. Inhalable glucocorticosteroids hardly cause systemic side effects, so they are very suitable for the continuous treatment, if the need in glucocorticosteroids is low. The indication for systemic application of glucocorticosteroid, their side effects, relative contraindications and pharmacological interactions are given. Careful analyses of cases of death, caused by bronchial asthma in accordance show that an inadequate glucocorticosteroid-therapy was the most important avoidable factor. The attention of the clinicians must be directed on a small group of patients characterised by high risk of death ("high-risk-asthma"). These patients, having certain clinical signs, need not only special intensive care, but also experienced, early and sufficient treatment with glucocorticosteroids to prevent life threatening situations.

Administration, Inhalation↗
PubMed1987

[Follow-up in patients with chronic obstructive lung diseases with special reference to the pressure behavior in the pulmonary artery].

The study demonstrates the results of 203 patients with COLD in a follow-up of 4-6 years. The investigations include the clinical state, lung function tests, blood gas analyses and measurements of pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP). One hundred and six of these 203 patients were investigated 3 times within 4-6 years. Clinical state, oxygen partial pressure and airways' resistance showed the best correlation with the PAP at rest and under exercise. In 54 patients (= 51%) the pulmonary arterial pressure increased up to a pulmonary hypertension. In 37 patients (= 35%) it decreased, out of them in 13 to normal values. Only in 15 patients (= 14%) the PAP did not change. We conclude, that a single measurement of the pulmonary arterial pressure can only be a marker of the general prognosis in COLD, but not of the individual prognosis. So we need further follow-up studies for the correct assessment of the individual prognosis dependent on the clinical state in each case.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

[Progress in drug treatment of bronchial asthma].

On the base of modern literature a statement is given on the actual situation of bronchial asthma treatment and its tendencies. It intends to be an instruction for the doctors daily practice and shell help all asthmatics getting the new possibilities of treatment in time. Furthermore these recommendations intend to support a reasonable and scientific prescription of new drugs.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
PubMed1985

[Digitalis therapy: prescription frequency, serum concentrations and withdrawal trials].

The frequency of therapy with digitalis glycosides was determined in 4.143 patients on their first visit at a medical outpatient clinic. 508 (12.3%) patients said to take digitalis. Of 480 (94.5%) patients, a digoxin serum concentration was obtained. It was in 229 (47.7%) patients below, in 31 (6.5%) above, and in 220 (45.8%) within the therapeutic range (0.8-2.0 ng/ml). From the 251 patients with a serum digoxin concentration greater than or equal to 0.8 ng/ml, 220 (87.7%) were not included in a withdrawal trial on the basis of predetermined criteria, mainly because of cardiac diseases (52%). Digitalis therapy was withdrawn in 31 patients. 5 patients started to take the drug again on their own; they were considered drop-outs. In the remaining 26 patients, no symptoms of heart failure appeared during a 3-month observation period; in 2 patients, however, atrial fibrillation requiring intervention occurred. Our results confirm the frequent use of digitalis therapy in Germany, but also the frequent presence of subtherapeutic serum digoxin concentrations. Withdrawal should be considered in patients with a questionable indication for this therapy; the occasional occurrence of supraventricular arrhythmias, and not so much of heart failure, should be anticipated.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

[Osteoporosis in corticoid therapy of patients with chronic obstructive respiratory tract diseases].

Two groups of patients with chronic obstructive lung diseases were investigated on presence of osteoporosis. If the diagnosis was made by clinical statement and X-ray signs of manifested osteoporosis, we found osteoporosis in 5.2 p.c. of all patients with corticosteroid treatment. If we used special X-ray methods after Barnett and Nordin resp. Singh, we found osteoporosis in 15.6 p.c. of all patients with corticosteroid treatment. In the present publication our own experiences with these special X-ray methods are described. They have their indication above all in women over 50 years resp. men over 60 years and in patients with concomitant diseases causing osteoporosis.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗