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Biomedical subjects

W Meister

Publications and source records attributed to W Meister.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

[Wood dust as inhalative noxious agent].

Wood dust is known as a cause of asthma and chronic bronchitis. From 1979 to 1983 we observed 115 patients with chronic lung diseases, who were exposed to wood dust during many years. We found an irritative pathogenesis in 101 patients with asthma or bronchitis. Twenty nine patients had got a positive skin test, especially with makoré, beech, koto, ash, pine. The inhalation test was positive in 7 of them. The occupational etiology was verified in 5 patients. Besides wood dust itself chemicals for wood protection or wood adhesives can have importance in the pathogenesis of these diseases. Fourteen patients had got alveolitis or lung fibrosis after wood-dust exposition. In each case we found precipitating antibodies against moulds, which could be cultivated from wood dust to which the patients were exposed.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Determination of tenoxicam, and the isolation, identification and determination of Ro 17-6661, its major metabolite, in human urine.

A high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the determination of tenoxicam (Ro 12-0068, I) and the hydroxy metabolite Ro 17-6661 (II) in human urine has been developed. The parent drug and metabolite were extracted from acidified urine by means of an Extrelut column with chloroform. The evaporated eluate was analysed on a C18 reversed-phase column with methanol-phosphate buffer as the mobile phase and UV detection at 371 nm. The detection limit for both compounds in a 1-ml sample was 50 ng/ml (C.V. 7%). The inter- and intra-assay precision up to 20 micrograms/ml was 3-6%. The method was applied to the analysis of I and II in the urine of a human subject who had received a 40-mg oral dose of the drug. Approximately 36% of the dose was eliminated in the urine as II, and less than 0.5% as unchanged I. After enzymatic hydrolysis of the urine, an extra 2% of the dose was found as II. Compound II was isolated from human urine by preparative thin-layer chromatography and identified by comparison of its mass and proton resonance spectra with those of an authentic specimen.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗
PubMed1984

Improved aortocoronary bypass patency by low-dose aspirin (100 mg daily). Effects on platelet aggregation and thromboxane formation.

Prevention of aortocoronary bypass occlusion by aspirin (ASA, 1 X 100 mg per day) was studied in a prospective double-blind trial of 83 patients. 60 (72%) were randomly allocated to ASA or placebo starting 24 h after operation. 90% of grafts in the ASA group and 68% in the placebo group were patent at four months. At least one anastomosis was occluded in 62% of the patients on placebo and in 27% of those on aspirin. Ventricular arrhythmias increased after surgery in more patients on placebo (12/18) than in patients on ASA (5/17). Platelet thromboxane formation on collagen tested before operation was significantly higher in patients in whom bypass occlusion developed (occlusion: 40 +/- 19, no occlusion: 25 +/- 13 ng/ml). A 100 mg dose of ASA per day effectively blocked platelet thromboxane formation and thromboxane-supported aggregation on collagen and was safe in the postoperative phase. No side effects were reported throughout the trial. The reduced toxicity with full efficacy favours a low and infrequent dosage of aspirin.

Aspirin↗
PubMed1984

[Low-dose acetylsalicylic acid (100 mg/day) following aortocoronary bypass operation].

A prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of Acetylsalicylic Acid (ASS) (100 mg/d, starting 24 h after operation) on vein graft patency. Sixty of 88 patients having undergone surgery entered the study; in 24 of 31 patients in the placebo group and 22 of 29 patients in the ASS-group angiography was performed 4 months postoperatively. There were no significant differences between the groups with respect to age, number of diseased vessels or previous myocardial infarctions. Mean number of grafts per patient was 2,2 (placebo) and 1,8 (ASS) for proximal anastomoses (p less than 0.10) and 3.4 (placebo) and 2.6 (ASS) for distal anastomoses (p less than 0.05). Graft occlusion rate for proximal anastomoses was less in the ASS-group, 10% (4/40), as compared with placebo 32% (17/53) (p less than 0.05). Graft occlusion rate for distal anastomoses was also less in the ASS group, 19% (11/57) as compared to 35% (28/81) in the placebo group (p less than 0.10). All grafts were patent in 16/22 patients in the ASS group but only in 9/24 in the placebo group (p less than 0.05). On designation of patients without postoperative angiograms but cardiovascular events as well as those with at least one graft occluded as "failures", the incidence of the latter was 9/29 in the ASS group and 20/31 in the placebo group (p less than 0.05). Early postoperative bleeding was similar in both groups, no side effects of ASS were observed. In this trial with initiation of low - dose ASS therapy 24 h after operation, antiplatelet therapy reduced the graft occlusion rate significantly.

Aspirin↗
PubMed1984

Low-dose acetylsalicylic acid (100 mg/day) after aortocoronary bypass surgery: a placebo-controlled trial.

The effect of low-dose acetylsalicylic acid (100 mg/day) upon bypass patency-rate and clinical course after aortocoronary bypass surgery was investigated in a randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Sixty patients with 143 distal anastomoses of bypasses were randomized, 46 underwent repeat angiography after 4 months. Using the intention to treat-strategy, treatment was superior to placebo as judged by bypass patency rate and occurrence of cardiovascular complications or death. Counting the six drop-outs as failures, only nine of the 31 patients of the placebo group, but 16 of the 29 patients of the treatment group were considered successes (P less than 0.04). Eighteen patients in the placebo group and eight patients of the treatment group received beta-adrenoceptor blockers postoperatively, suggesting again a favourable effect of the treatment. Adverse drug reactions were very rare and minor. Supported by pathophysiological insights and positive trends in similar trials, the positive result justifies the recommendation of prescribing 100 mg of acetylsalicylic acid once daily to all patients without contraindications after aortocoronary bypass surgery. The positive result of this trial warrants further clinical trials of low-dose acetylsalicylic acid for other indications in arterial diseases.

Aspirin↗
PubMed1984

Unchanged absorption of digoxin tablets in patients with cardiac failure.

In 6 patients with severe left-sided cardiac failure the absorption of drug from digoxin tablets was assessed by simultaneous administration of a commercially available tablet and of an intravenous tracer dose before and during therapy. Lag time, peak time, and dose-normalized increase in plasma concentration did not change in spite of clinical improvement. Two independent measures of the extent of availability, based on plasma and urine measurements, also remained unchanged and their average was similar to that reported for normals. There was, however, a great interindividual variability in absorption. We conclude that the absorption of digoxin tablets is unchanged in patients with left-sided cardiac failure.

Absorption↗
PubMed1984

[Inhalation provocation test with lysine acetylsalicylic acid (Aspisol)--a useful method for the diagnosis of analgesic asthma].

In patients with analgesics induced asthma (AIA) provocation tests by inhalation are less dangerous than oral provocation. Bianco et al. and Schmitz-Schumann et al. described an inhalation provocation test (IPT) with Lysine-acetylsalicylic-acid (Lys-ASA). We found analgesics induced asthma in 5 p.c. of our patients with bronchial asthma. The results of 41 IPT with Lys-ASA are reported. In 26 of 29 patients with analgesics intolerance in the history the test was positive after a threshold dose of 18,0 mg (9,3-53,3 mg) Lys-ASA. 3 patients believed to have analgesics intolerance. It could be excluded by negative IPT and following negative oral provocation. In a control group of 12 patients with intrinsic asthma, nasal polyps and sinusitis, but without analgesics intolerance in the history, the test was positive too in 2 patients. They didn't use analgesics in the past years. The diagnosis could be confirmed by oral provocation. In our opinion IPT with Lys-ASA is very useful to find an AIA or to exclude it. It is better controllable than oral provocation. The induced bronchospasm is good reversible by inhalation of beta-mimetics or injection of methylxanthines. Intraindividual variations of bronchial tolerance can be supposed. All patients with AIA tolerated oral provocation with salicyclamide.

Airway Resistance↗
PubMed1984

[Detection of the incidence of increased sensitization to molds in patients with bronchial asthma and allergic rhinitis].

The incidence of sensibilization against extracts of moulds produced by VEB SSW Dresden was investigated by intracutaneous tests in 354 persons (controls and patients - adults and children - with bronchial asthma and allergic rhinitis). Even in the nonallergic controls the tests were positive in 20-30%. Patients with asthma and rhinitis were significantly more often positive than controls with Mucor, Cladosporium and mixed-mould. There was no difference between the groups with Aspergillus and Penicillium. Testing with extract of mixed-mould is not effective. Positive results with the individual moulds were not excluded although the test with mixed-mould was negative. There was no essential difference in the incidence of sensibilization between adults and children with bronchial asthma using mould extracts of VEB SSW Dresden.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Serum protein binding of drugs is not altered in patients with severe chronic cardiac failure.

The aim of this study was to investigate whether serum protein binding of drugs is altered in patients with severe chronic cardiac failure. A total of 27 patients of the cardiac unit participated in the study. One group comprised 15 subjects with chronic cardiac failure (grade III-IV according to the New York Heart Association); 12 patients served as controls (grade I-II). The extent of binding was determined in the therapeutic concentration range by means of equilibrium dialysis at pH 7.4 and 37 degrees C. The binding of six marker drugs shows no difference between controls and patients with chronic cardiac failure. Furthermore, measured free fractions were in the range reported in the literature for healthy, untreated individuals. Our selection of drugs comprised substances that are representative of the three major drug-binding sites on human albumin (diazepam-digitoxin-warfarin/phenytoin). Furthermore, propranolol and imipramine represent examples of drugs binding mainly to lipo- and glycoproteins. The results suggest that the binding of most drugs encountered in clinical practice will be unchanged in patients with chronic cardiac failure.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Clearance of serum creatine kinase activity.

There is confusion regarding the calculation of serum creatine kinase (CK) activity clearance from an elimination rate constant and a distribution volume derived from one- and two-compartment serum enzyme elimination models. We measured serum CK activity clearance from hepatic enzyme extraction and compared this direct measurement with clearance calculated assuming one- and two-compartment elimination models after bolus and constant infusions of a purified preparation of the MM isoenzyme of CK (MM-CK) activity. Although serum CK activity appears to confer on the body the characteristics of first-order disposition from two compartments, clearance is estimated equally well by one-, two-, and noncompartmental models of disposition and is essentially identical to the hepatic clearance of CK activity. As long as the rate constant and distribution volume are compatible and appropriate for a given elimination model, clearance, the product of the two, will be properly estimated regardless of the model chosen.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

[Bronchial asthma following Daphnia allergy].

In general medical practice too little attention is devoted to daphnia allergy. Therefore in the past 6 years we asked 611 patients with extrinsic and intrinsic asthma whether they have an aquarium in their residence resp. whether they use fish-food with dried daphnia. 43 patients with atopic asthma and allergic rhinitis were exposed, 28 of them had high positive Prick-test-reaction with daphnia extracts. All these sensitized patients had their symptoms in connection with the exposition to dried daphnia. But nobody told spontaneously about this special cause of symptoms. After avoiding contact to daphnia all patients became free from symptoms. Therefore it is recommended always to ask for daphnia exposition when making the allergic case history.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

[Beta-blockade with timolol after myocardial infarction (author's transl)].

In a recently published study, timolol lowered the overall mortality by 43% and the reinfarction rate by 37% during an average duration of treatment of 17 months after myocardial infarction. Although the timolol study is the best and most convincing of the post-infarction therapy studies yet presented, some important questions remain unanswered; in particular, the effect of other measures (eg the control of risk factors) is not clear. The future role of timolol will depend on further analysis of the study and on the definition of its significance as part of a comprehensive management plan of post-infarction patients.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗