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W Murray

Publications and source records attributed to W Murray.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

A frameless stereotaxic integration of computerized tomographic imaging and the operating microscope.

A computer-based system has been developed for the integration and display of computerized tomography (CT) image data in the operating microscope in the correct perspective without requiring a stereotaxic frame. Spatial registration of the CT image data is accomplished by determination of the position of the operating microscope as its focal point is brought to each of three CT-imaged fiducial markers on the scalp. Monitoring of subsequent microscope positions allows appropriate reformatting of CT data into a common coordinate system. The position of the freely moveable microscope is determined by a non-imaging ultrasonic range-finder consisting of three spark gaps attached to the microscope and three microphones on a rigid support in the operating room. Measurement of the acoustic impulse transit times from the spark gaps to the microphones enables calculation of those distances and unique determination of the microscope position. The CT data are reformatted into a plane and orientation corresponding to the microscope's focal plane or to a deeper parallel plane if required. This reformatted information is then projected into the optics of the operating microscope using a miniature cathode ray tube and a beam splitter. The operating surgeon sees the CT information (such as a tumor boundary) superimposed upon the operating field in proper position, orientation, and scale.

Evaluation Studies as Topic↗
PubMed1984

A double-blind randomized trial of cimetidine in acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding.

Two hundred and thirteen patients were studied in a double-blind trial of cimetidine versus placebo in the treatment of acute upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage. One hundred and six patients were randomly allocated to receive cimetidine and 107 to receive placebo. There was no significant reduction in transfusion requirements, incidence of further haemorrhage, length of stay in hospital, or mortality in the treated group. There was no subgroup of patients with acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding which appeared to benefit from treatment with cimetidine.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Identification and characterization of the BCG cell wall-stimulated suppressor cells in inbred rats.

In vitro experiments were undertaken to investigate the effect of intraperitoneal (i.p.) inoculation of BCG cell walls attached to oil droplets (BCGcw) on mitogenic and alloantigenic responses of spleen and bone marrow cells. These in vitro studies demonstrated that: (1) spleen cells from BCGcw-immunized ACI rats had decreased responsiveness to Concanavalin A (Con A) and to alloantigenic stimulation, (2) depressed Con A reactivity could also be induced in Buffalo rat spleen cells by the i.p. inoculation of BCGcw, (3) normal ACI rats had suppressor cells in their bone marrow but not in their spleens, (4) BCGcw-immunized ACI rats demonstrated an increase in the suppressive activity of their bone marrow as early as 1 day after inoculation of BCGcw, while suppressor activity was found in the spleen as early as 2 days after BCGcw inoculation, (5) characterization of the BCGcw-induced splenic suppressor cell demonstrated it to be adherent to plastic or nylon wool, radiation-resistant, and removed by treatment with carbonyl iron. These properties were consistent with the identification of the suppressor cell as a macrophage, (6) the Con A and mixed lymphocyte reactivities of normal spleen cells could be suppressed by the addition of the adherent spleen cell population from BCGcw-immunized ACI rats, and (7) the adherent suppressor cells from BCGcw-immunized rats suppressed Con A reactivity across a major histocompatability barrier.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Prophylactic coverage of dental patients with artificial joints: a retrospective analysis of thirty-three infections in hip prostheses.

Persons with total joint prostheses theoretically risk infection from the transient bacteremia that may accompany dental treatment, and the literature suggests that these patients be treated prophylactically with antibiotics. Effective prophylaxis requires that the most common infecting organisms be identified and tested for drug sensitivity. We reviewed thirty-three cases of infected hips out of a total of 1,855 hip prosthesis placements. The infections were classified as early (less than 6 months after placement) or late (greater than 6 months after placement). In the patients studied, the risk of infection associated with dental procedures was extremely low (0.05 percent). Staphylococcus aureus was the organism most often isolated from the infected hips, and its incidence was twice as high in the late as in the early infections. Based on the drug sensitivities of the most common infecting organisms, the recommended drugs of choice for prophylactic treatment of dental patients with artificial joints are erythromycin, clindamycin, or a penase-resistant penicillin.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Initiation of warfarin therapy: comparison of physician dosing with computer-assisted dosing.

In a prospective, randomized study at two university hospitals, the authors examined how effectively housestaff physicians (n = 36) managed the initiation of warfarin therapy compared with a computer-assisted dosing regimen (n = 39) using the software program Warfcalc, which was managed by one of the authors. Target prothrombin time ratios were selected by the physicians. Study endpoints included: the time to reach a therapeutic prothrombin ratio, the time to reach a stable therapeutic dose, the number of patients transiently overanticoagulated, the number of bleeding complications, and the accuracy of the predicted maintenance dose, which was assessed at steady-state 10-14 days later. Computer-assisted dosing consistently out-performed the physicians: a stable therapeutic dose was achieved 3.7 days earlier (p = 0.002), fewer patients were overanticoagulated (10% versus 41%), and the predicted maintenance dose was in the therapeutic range in 85% of the computer-dosed patients versus 42% of the physician group (p less than 0.002). For physicians who did not routinely manage warfarin therapy, computer-assisted dosing improved the accuracy of dosing and shortened the time required to achieve a stable therapeutic dose.

Adult↗