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Biomedical subjects

W P Cockshott

Publications and source records attributed to W P Cockshott.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Is the vacuum sign in the sacro-iliac joint a useful radiological sign of chondrocalcinosis?

To test the contention that intra-articular gas is a radiological finding in chondrocalcinosis (CPPD), the prevalence of the sign was assessed in 44 patients with the disorder and compared to a control group of 272. We conclude that sacro-iliac gas is an inconstant finding occurring no more frequently in those with CPPD than in controls of the same age and sex. Consequently, this radiological finding is of limited clinical value.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Limiting the use of routine radiography for acute ankle injuries.

In the diagnosis of ankle injuries routine radiography is often productive. An international survey of the average number of radiographs made of injured ankles suggested that two projections are adequate to detect fractures. This was confirmed in a prospective study of 242 patients coming to a hospital emergency department with recent ankle injuries. All the fractures could be identified on an anteroposterior or a lateral projection, although some were more obvious on an oblique view. As well, all the fractures were associated with malleolar soft-tissue swelling. Thus, radiography for acute ankle injuries could safely be restricted to patients with soft-tissue swelling, and fractures could be diagnosed using only two routine projections, though for management purposes additional projections might be needed. With a policy of limiting the use of radiography substantial cost reductions are possible.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1983

Observer variation in skeletal radiology.

The factors that affect observer variation in bone radiology are analysed from data in the literature and on the basis of studies carried out at McMaster University on the hands and sacroiliac joints. A plea is made for presenting results in terms of Kappa statistics so that agreement due purely to chance is eliminated. In the conclusions the main variables that affect concordance are listed so that strategies can be developed to reduce observer variation. This is important in serial studies to ensure that the observer variations are smaller than the effect one wishes to measure.

Age Determination by Skeleton↗
PubMed1983

Rolls Royces or compacts? Selection of radiological instrumentation.

A call for more prudence on the part of radiologists in accepting complex and expensive high-technology equipment is made. It is suggested that radiologists aim for simplicity whenever it does not compromise diagnostic capability. Such an approach will be cost effective and answer the routine, daily needs of most radiologists.

Cost-Benefit Analysis↗
PubMed1983

Observer differences in detecting erosions in radiographs of rheumatoid arthritis. A comparison of posteroanterior, Nørgaard and Brewerton views.

This study shows no significant advantage of Brewerton or Nørgaard radiographs in detection of erosions at metacarpophalangeal joints in patients with polyarthritis over the conventional posteroanterior view. The observer agreement for detection of exact number of erosions/pair of hands is uniformly low. Therefore, erosion index cannot be reliably used in epidemiologic surveys or therapeutic trials as an outcome measure unless steps are taken to improve the observer agreement.

Arthritis, Rheumatoid↗
PubMed1982

Popliteal cysts, femoral erosion and degenerative changes in the knee joint.

Positive correlations obtained between the presence of anterior femoral erosion, enlargement of the gastrocnemius-semimembranous bursa and osteoarthritis in the knee suggests that these are all manifestations of a degenerative process developing with increasing age. Popliteal cysts are considered to act as a decompressing factor for raised intraarticular knee pressure. The association of popliteal cysts with femoral erosions suggests that both conditions may be attributed to similar mechanisms, namely, hydrarthrosis and raised joint pressure secondary to degenerative articular disease. The double contrast arthrograms did not reveal the presence of detectable synovial hypertrophy in these cases, suggesting that anterior femoral erosions do not usually result from such a process. The LT/LP ratio (patellar tendon length to length of the patella) did not prove to have any correlative value with the presence of popliteal cysts, femoral erosions or degenerative osteoarthritis.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Anterior femoral erosion and patello-femoral osteoarthritis.

The relationship between classical signs of osteoarthritis, anterior femoral erosion, and patellar tendon lengths was determined in 130 patients derived from a sports medicine clinic and a general hospital. A method for detecting and measuring anterior lower femoral erosion is described. A significant relationship was found between anterior femoral erosions and osteoarthritis, but no significant relationship was found between patellar tendon length and osteoarthritis. The results bring into question previously described explanations for femoral erosions. It is suggested that this erosion is due to pressure transmitted from the supra-patellar bursa in active patients with joint effusions.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Myositis ossificans in hemophilia.

A review of the radiographs of 60 hemophilia patients showed nine (15%) with ectopic new bone formation. Three of these patients had multiple sites of involvement. The high frequency discovered in this series contrasts with the paucity of descriptions to be found in the literature. This process of myositis ossificans affects the lower half of the body and probably represents dysplastic metaplasia developing at the site of an intramuscular hematoma when remote from bone, as well as ossification of hemorrhagic lesions related to the periosteum. In conventional radiographs anatomic localization of bone foci is difficult, but use of computed tomography permits precise identification of the affected muscle. There is negligible disability associated with this condition.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Osteoid osteoma: an evaluation of diagnostic modalities.

Significant delays still occur in the diagnosis of osteoid osteoma yet in two-thirds of cases the plain films show the characteristic features; unfortunately, early changes may be overlooked. A diagnostic approach is proposed for the investigation of focal bone pain in young individuals. Plain radiography is followed by isotope bone scanning with, if possible, a bone blood flow study. Tomography is sometimes helpful in atypical cases. CT scanning is valuable in foci in the axial skeleton including the pelvis. Lesions in the appendages of the vertebrae should be sought in patients with painful scoliosis or lordosis of relatively recent onset.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Carcinoma of the urachus: the role of computed tomography.

Carcinoma of the urachus is a rare entity with poor prognosis. Calcification, a deformed bladder apex, and lateral ureteral displacement have been described as radiographic findings, although radiology has been considered to be of limited value in establishing the diagnosis. Two cases are reported in which computed tomography (CT) contributed to the diagnosis and management. The association of a calcified suprapubic mass on CT together with a history of the passage of blood and mucus per urethra is suggestive of the diagnosis.

Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous↗
PubMed1980

Distal avulsion fractures of the scaphoid.

Avulsion fractures of the distal scaphoid occur in children and young adults and comprise nearly two per cent of all hand and wrist fractures coming for primary care. The avulsion occurs following dorsiflexion-ulnar deviation stresses. The radiological diagnosis can be difficult without multiple projections and meticulous technique. Various controversies concerning this poorly understood fracture are discussed.

Adolescent↗