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Biomedical subjects

W P Glezen

Publications and source records attributed to W P Glezen.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

Potentiation of the immune response to influenza virus subunit vaccines.

Influenza subunit vaccines are poorly immunogenic in unprimed lower animals and man and methods were sought to potentiate the humoral response. Influenza B intact virus vaccines potentiated the antibody response of hamsters to purified vaccines containing influenza A hemagglutinin and neuraminidase subunits. The levels of anitbody induced were at least as high as those induced by equivalent doses of whole virus. Similarly, intact heterologous influenza A virus vaccine (A/Victoria/3/75 [H3N2]) potentiated the antibody response of hamsters to A/NJ/76 [Hswl NI] subunit vaccines but large doses of intact virus were required. Considerably lower doses of homologous intact A/NJ/76 [Hswl NI] potentiated the antibody response of hamsters and sero-negative people to subunit vaccines. This suggests that future influenza subunit vaccines for use in seronegative people should contain a minimal dose of whole virus vaccine sufficient to potentiate the immune response to the subunits but insufficient to be reactogenic. A synthetic water soluble adjuvant (N-acetyl-muramyl-L-alanyl-D-isoglutamine) was also shown to potentiate the immune response of hamsters to A/NJ/76 [Hswl NI] influenza virus subunit vaccines.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1976

Effect of passive antibody on parainfluenza virus type 3 pneumonia in hamsters.

Both parainfluenza virus type 3 and respiratory syncytial virus may produce life-threatening pneumonia or bronchiolitis in infants less than 6 months old. Almost all infants in this age group possess passively acquired maternal antibodies to both viruses. It has been suggested that maternal antibodies may actually participate in the pathogenesis of these diseases in early infancy. This investigation examined the effect of moderate levels of passive antibody on the development of pneumonia in hamsters infected intranasally with parainfluenza virus type 3. The pneumonitis produced in this model was not enhanced by the presence of moderate levels of serum antibody to this virus. Furthermore, reinfection after an initial "sensitizing" infection under the cover of passive antibody did not result in a more severe pneumonitis. These studies do not support either of the two hypotheses that have been advanced to explain the pathogenesis of infections with respiratory syncytial virus in early infancy.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

An influenza B epidemic among children in day-care.

An outbreak of influenza virus type B infections occurred in the Frank Porter Graham Day Care Center from February to April, 1974. During the epidemic there were 27 isolations of influenza B virus from 20 children. One half of these were obtained from children who were well at the time of culturing. Attack rates as determined by virus isolation and seroconversion for most age groups approximated the 40% rate for the entire population. Clinical and microbiological data from this study were compared to those obtained in the center during the same three months in 1973. Increases in the incidence of otitis media and temperatures over 38 C were seen during the 1974 study. Intensive continuous microbiological surveillance for bacteria, viruses, and mycoplasmas failed to reveal predominance of any other potential pathogen to account for these clinical findings. The analysis permitted by the nature of this study design in a day-care setting revealed several unexpected findings: high attack rates unrelated to age; common inapparent infections; and frequent association with otitis media.

Child↗
PubMed1975

Occurrence of Diplococcus pneumoniae in the upper respiratory tract of children.

The patterns of colonization of D. pneumoniae were studied over a 46-month period in a group of young children in a day-care center. Forty-four percent of nasal cultures yielded D. pneumoniae. The most frequently isolated serotypes--6, 19, and 23--accounted for 49% of the isolates; the nine most common serotypes included 80% of the isolates. Individual serotypes frequently were carried for several months. Reacquisition of a serotype previously carried occurred frequently. There was limited spread of serotypes among the children despite prolonged contact.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1975

Acute respiratory disease of university students with special reference to the etiologic role of Herpesvirus hominis.

Infections with Herpesvirus hominis type 1 were associated with 11.5% of acute respiratory illnesses of university students who were admitted to the student infirmary over a 6-year period. Over three-quarters of these infections were detected in students with pharyngitis or tonsillitis; 42% had ulcerated lesions on tonsils or posterior pharynx but only 11% had lesions in the anterior portion of the mouth or lips. Almost all of the H. hominis infections were accompanied by significant rises in neutralizing antibodies and few students had detectable antibodies in the initial serum collected during the acute phase of illness. Special studies revealed herpes-specific IgM antibodies in the early convalescent sera of some of these patients. The data demonstrate that 80% of the infections detected were primary infections with H. hominis. Only 30% of university students possessed neutralizing antibodies to H. hominis and about 10% of those without antibodies acquired antibodies each year. These data suggest that the majority of persons from middle income families reach young adulthood without acquiring infections of H. hominis and the spread of the virus requires close and intimate contact.

Antibodies, Bacterial↗