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Biomedical subjects

W Ponhold

Publications and source records attributed to W Ponhold.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

[Use of direct magnification technic of the hand radiograph in children with chronic renal insufficiency].

The characteristic changes of renal osteopathy in the hand are shown by the X-rays of seven children with end stage renal disease using the direct magnification technique. All children had pathologic conditions in the hands. Most frequently tunnelation , spiculae in the phalanges and metaphyseal translucent bands in the forearm were seen. Less constantly acroosteolyses and generalized osteoporosis could be observed. The X-rays of the hands using the direct magnification technique with rare earth film-screen system and a microfocus X-ray tube are sufficient to determine renal osteopathy. If clinical symptoms are present, X-rays of other parts of the skeleton are necessary. By using the above mentioned radiologic technique the radiographic diagnostic effort could be minimized.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

[Idiopathic enlargement of the right atrium].

In a 3 year old male patient with a very rare congenital enlargement of the right atrium the diagnosis was made only because of an occasional chest X-ray film. These dilated right atria rarely cause symptoms, but in rhythmic disorders or thrombosis they can be life threatening. The differential diagnoses of this entity are listed.

Arrhythmias, Cardiac↗
PubMed1983

[X-ray skeletal changes in children with chronic renal insufficiency].

The typical changes of renal osteopathy are shown in the X-rays of 7 children with end-stage renal disease treated with chronic intermittent hemodialysis. The exact evaluation of the granular structural changes of the cranium, the evidence of osteomalacia because of the hazy appearance of the vertebrae and the broadening of the sacroiliac joints depend highly on subjective judgement and the technical X-ray procedures used. Unmistakable radiological diagnoses can be made when a broadening of the metaphyseal zones, epiphysiolysis as well as characteristic changes in the finger phalanges (acro-osteolyses, spicula, tunnelation) are present.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Disappearance of bowel gas in newborn infants on mechanical ventilation.

Loss of bowel gas was observed in 18 out of 49 neonates on mechanical ventilation (37%). Its occurrence was correlated to the outcome and to the use of sedative or neuromuscular paralysing drugs. None of the babies had gastrointestinal disorders requiring surgical intervention. A gasless abdomen was found in 6 our of 26 surviving neonates (23%) and in 12 out of 23 neonates (52%) not surviving the respiratory illness. Absence of intestinal gas in unsedated or unparalysed babies (23%) as well as in Alodan treated babies (19%) was found with nearly equal frequency whereas its occurrence after neuromuscular paralysation with Alloferin was significantly higher (91%). Disappearance of intestinal gas pattern despite, normal gastrointestinal patency, occurring in mechanically ventilated neonates severely affected by respiratory distress of varying origin of after neuromuscular drug paralysation should be recognized.

Gases↗
PubMed1982

[Radiological examination of the thoracic organs for persistent foetal circulation (author's transl)].

The radiological changes seen on chest x-rays of five children with persistent foetal circulation are analysed. There is inconstant cardiac enlargement and a reticulo-nodular appearance of the lungs, indicating interstitial oedema with heart failure. The value of the chest x-ray consists mainly in excluding a pulmonary or a characteristic cardiac abnormality as a cause of dyspnoea; it does not provide direct diagnostic information.

Angiocardiography↗
PubMed1982

[Sonography of the upper abdomen in cystic fibrosis (author's transl)].

Ultrasound scans of the upper abdomen were carried out in fifty patients with cystic fibrosis (age 2 to 26 years). 38% showed an abnormal hepatic sonogram. On eight occasions it was possible to confirm these changes by a liver biopsy. In 14% there was homogenous increase in liver echoes. 22% showed an non-homogeneous liver structure due to fibrotic and cirrhotic changes and cholangitis. Four of these patients had splenomegaly due to portal hypertension. 85% of the pancreatic scans which could be evaluated showed small pancreases with high echoes. Cholelithiasis was not present in any. Sonography of the upper abdomen is the method of choice for evaluating the liver, biliary system, pancreas and spleen.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1982

[Urgent X-ray examinations of new-born babies II. Duodenum-colon (author's transl)].

This paper describes those examinations of new-born babies most often indicated as being urgent in cases of mechanical obstruction of the duodenum and small and large intestines. The initial examination is in all cases an abdominal radiograph, which indicates the next diagnostic procedure. Once a direct or indirect picture of an obstruction in the duodenum or small intestine has been attempted, an irrigoscopy without fluoroscopy is indicated for further clarification of these changes. Even in cases of invagination, fluoroscopy becomes unnecessary with careful air insufflation. If the initial clinical condition is questionable or the abdominal general radiograph unclear, a contrast medium enema is to be recommended as an alternative method.

Colon↗
PubMed1982

[The radiological morphology of neonatal pneumonia (author's transl)].

71 chest X-rays of newborns with pneumonia were analysed in respect ot pathologic changes. The main radiologic symptoms were localized, coarse spotted, striated and homogeneous shadows. Inconstantly interstitial structures were found in addition as a direct sign for the inflammatory infiltration. In a high percentage different kinds of overinflation and irregular aeration were demonstrated as indirect signs. The differentiation to Hyaline membranes is easy usually. In some neonates the exclusion of a cardiac-shunt especially with decompensation, the evaluation of a pulmonary bleeding or wet lung can be difficult. In these cases the clinical report in combination with the radiologic findings will lead to a correct diagnosis.

Humans↗
PubMed1982

[Most frequent causes, complications and differential diagnosis of neonatal respiratory distress in chest x-ray].

The radiologic changes of the chest X-ray of 270 newborns with respiratory distress were analyzed. In cases of Hyaline Membranes the chest X-ray showed finely granular evenly disseminated structures combined with signs of hypoventilation. Localized, patchy, streaky, homogenous and reticulonodular shadows were found in cases of pneumonia and hemorrhage. Hyperinflation were an additional sign for an inflammatory disease. This symptom was also demonstrated in pulmonary bleeding, but was less common. The bilateral interstitial augmentation of the pulmonary structure in combination with cardiomegaly was mainly a symptom for cardial insufficiency and transient tachypnea. The differentiation between fine granular and reticulo-nodular structures should create no problem if the chest X-ray if of good quality. Extrapulmonary air collections were found in a high percentage in the course of artificial ventilation as a consequence of the "baro-trauma." The radiologic diagnosis of BPD was no problem. The value of the chest X-ray lies in the demonstration of a pulmonary cause for the respiratory distress, in the demonstration of complications and in the radiological observation of the disease.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed1981

[Development of the extraperitoneal fat pads (contribution to X-ray morphology of the child's abdomen) (author's transl)].

Plain abdominal radiographs were studied in 280 children aged between one day and fourteen years to assess the age-related width of the extra-peritoneal fat. At the same time the limitations of assessing the size of the right side of the liver, the lower pole of the spleen and the psoas shadow were investigated. A significant rise in the evaluation of this method was only obtained after the sixth year and this was 86% in relation to the right lobe of the liver and 36% in relation to the lower pole of the spleen. From this age onwards, the preperitoneal fat is demonstrable in 94% of cases. The investigation suggests that from the sixth year onwards, the absence of the extra peritoneal fat line is an indirect indicator that there is intra-peritoneal fluid or a retro-peritoneal tumour. Eck

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1981

[Radiotherapy of para-aortal lymphomas with Co 60 gamma radiation (author's transl)].

With regard to 16 cases of testicle tumors and Hodgkin disease which are well proved by X-ray diagnosis, the mono-axial and bisectorial pendulum movement over 100 degrees is submitted to a critical consideration. The authors resume that the big lymph nodes are not always covered in an optimal manner, however, the radiation exposure of the kidneys is often relatively high. The values of different alternative methods are discussed on the basis of computer isodoses relating to a constant phantom cross-section. In view of tumor covering as well as kidney and spinal marrow exposure, the most favourable dose distribution is reached by a mono-axial and bisectorial pendulum movement combined with a contralaterial irradiation method. This method seems to be specially suited for the routine therapy of lymphomas requiring an irradiation with 5,000 rd or more because of their bigness or their low radiosensitivity.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

[Urgent x-ray examination of new-born babies. I. Oesophagus-stomach (author's transl)].

This paper provides the paediatrician using radiology and his assistants with exact and easily-understood instructions as to how to carry out an urgent X-ray examination of the oesophagus and the stomach. As far as an X-ray examination for the diagnosis of an atresia of the oesophagus, an oesophago-tracheo fistula and a pylorus stenosis, are concerned, fluoroscopy is in the first instance unnecessary, provided that an exact sequence of steps is kept to. Only in cases of long-term check-ups after oesophagus operations and oesophago-tracheo fistulas that are difficult to prove fluoroscopy is necessary. By carrying out the examinations suggested here, a correct diagnosis can be reached soon and exposure of the child to radiations kept to a minimum.

Contrast Media↗
PubMed1981

[Hemorrhage of the lung of Newborns and its differential diagnosis].

Chest x-rays of 17 newborns suffering from hemorrhage of the lung were analysed with special respect to kind of shadow and translucency. Most significant findings were fine-grained, coarse-spotted, striated, and homogeneous shadows, indicating the hemorrhage. Differentiation of hyaline membranes in most cases is easy, whereas difficulties are arising for differentiation of hemorrhage and interstitial edema in cardiac decompensation and especially in shunt-heart defects. Differentiation with respect to pneumonic infiltrations is not possible except in white lungs, although signs of emphysema are giving indirect indication to a pneumonic infiltration. chest x-rays are very useful to find out shadows, to differentiate other reasons of a respiratory distress syndrome, and for follow-up investigations.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed1981

[Radiological signs of transient tachypnoea and its differential diagnosis (author's transl)].

The radiological signs of transient tachypnoea are analysed via a study conducted with 9 children suffering from this disturbance of respiratory adaptation. The main signs are reticulonodular structural increases on both sides and extended vessels with unsharp outlines; to a lesser extent, marked small interlobar fissure, signs of an expiratory disturbance of ventilation, and cardiomegaly are seen also. Differentiation against hyaline membranes is easy and delineation against pneumonic and haemorrhagic infiltrations is usually not at all difficult. However, it may be less easy to differentiate between a relatively severe transient tachypnoea and cardiac left decompensation, since the radiological signs resemble each other. Assessment of a chest x-ray film of the newborn should be evaluated in such cases only if the clinical pattern of signs is known, since this is the only way to obtain adequate radiological clarification.

Cardiomyopathies↗
PubMed1980

[Is sonography justified within the framework of orthopaedics? (author's transl)].

The article discusses the possibilities of application and performance spectrum of the ultrasonic method when examining patients with space-occupying growths within the framework of orthopaedics. An analysis of 33 patients with inflammatory or neoplastic tumours showed that sonography promotes highly valuable information in respect of the presence and extension of a tumour of the soft tissues, besides supplying roughly outlined information on the structure of such tumours. Hence, sonography can supply valuable aid for the decision regarding further diagnostic measures, complementary to the basic x-ray examinations.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

[Bronchopulmonary dysplasia: X-ray patterns and grading according to stages (author's transl)].

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia, first described by Northway in 1967 as a separate entity, was graded into four stages. Basing on thoracic x-ray films of 14 newborn and prematurely born infants an attempt has been made to analyse the x-ray patterns of signs characterising bronchopulmonary dysplasia and to establish a relation between the x-ray signs and the four stages. With few exceptions the various radiologic signs were seen in all stages, although with varying incidence. It follows that x-ray visualisation of the thorax yields limited pointers only to the actual stage of the disease. Roentgenography is the method of choice (in connection with the pattern of clinical signs) for diagnosing bronchopulmonary dysplasia and should be also employed for controlling the course of the disease and for the identification of eventual complications.

Bronchi↗