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Biomedical subjects

W W Tryon

Publications and source records attributed to W W Tryon.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Activity measures in anorexia nervosa.

Twenty-four-hour measurements of wrist and ankle kinetic energy expenditures were obtained on 20 hospitalized female anorectics during the first two weeks of their hospitalization. Kinetic energy was examined against measures of weight, depression, and Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory scores in a regression analysis. Effect of cyproheptadine hydrochloride, amitriptyline hydrochloride, and placebo on activity was assessed. The results supported previous studies showing a positive relationship between weight gain and motor activity and challenge the commonly held notion that activity decreases in anorectics as their clinical condition improves. Motor activity was initially significantly suppressed by cyproheptadine and subsequently increased.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Higher-order semantic counterconditioning of Filipino women's evaluations of heterosexual behaviors.

The purpose of this study was to determine if semantic counterconditioning could modify semantic differential ratings regarding premarital sexual behaviors, in Filipino women whose culture exerts great control over such matters. A total of 303 unmarried, predominantly middle class, English speaking, Roman Catholic Filipino women aged 15-21 years volunteered to be subjects. Significant changes in the semantic differential ratings were obtained in four of the five CS (conditioned stimuli) phrases for subjects receiving semantic counterconditioning. Lesser changes in the semantic differential ratings for the same phrases were obtained from subjects in the Pseudo Conditioning and Repetition Control groups.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Issues in the selection and use of mechanical transducers to directly measure motor activity in clinical settings.

The application of instrumentation in the social sciences to measure human behavior lags far behind medical practice and the physical sciences. According to Rugh and Schwitzgebel (1977), this primitive state of development and lack of technological sophistication is related to the prevailing belief that many variables of interest to psychologists are not subject to direct measurement. We identified five varieties of maladaptive behaviors commonly displayed by mentally retarded persons which can be measured directly by means of mechanical transducers: hyperactivity, hypoactivity, inadequate postural control, disorders of the sleep/wake cycle, and stereotyped movements. The operating characteristics of several types of motion sensors were described and issues related to the selection and use of these mechanical transducers in clinical settings were considered. Finally, various meanings of the terms reliability and validity were discussed as they pertain to the clinical application of these mechanical measurements of motor activity.

Behavior↗
PubMed1982

Reinforcement history as possible basis for the relationship between self-percepts of efficacy and responses to treatment.

The empirical correlation of self-efficacy statements and treatment outcome reported by Bandura (1977) is acknowledged. The question at issue is whether this correlation is due to an integrative construct called self or social contingencies. Bandura (1982) demonstrated that the correlation exists in the absence of contemporary social contingencies for such a correlation (cf. Tryon, 1981). The present rejoinder argues that the correlation between self-efficacy statements and subsequent behavior could be due to social contingencies existing prior to the experiment. Supportive data from a series of vicarious verbal conditioning experiments are presented.

Behavior Therapy↗
PubMed1982

A simplified time-series analysis for evaluating treatment interventions.

Time-series analysis procedures for analyzing behavior data are receiving increasing support. However, several authorities strongly recommend using at least 50-100 points per experimental phase. A complex mathematical model must then be empirically developed using computer programs to extract serial dependency from the data before the effects of treatment interventions can be evaluated. The present discussion provides a simple method of evaluating intervention effects that can be used with as few as 8 points per experimental phase. The calculations are easy enough to do by hand.

Behavior Therapy↗
PubMed1981

A methodological critique of Bandura's self-efficacy theory of behavior change.

This brief theoretical note identifies a major methodological problem in Bandura's argument in favor of self-efficacy theory and provides two methods of controlling for it. His data could likely be accounted for by social contingencies operating within his highly structured behavioral approach situation.

Behavior Therapy↗
PubMed1976

Some properties of the ego-resiliency subtle scale of the MMPI.

The Ego Resiliency-Subtle (ER-S) scale was developed by Block (1965) as a social desirability free measure of the first factor of the MMPI. The purpose of the present experiments was to determine whether or not the 40-items comprising the ER-S scale remain neutral regarding social desirability and if the subject's score on the scale remains constant when taken out of the context of the other MMPI items; if so, the ER-S scale could be used as a screening device. Experiment I demonstrated that the items were not neutral regarding social desirability when taken out of context, but Experiment II indicated that this did not influence the responses subjects gave to the items. Because a memory factor may have been operating in Experiment II, a third experiment was conducted to minimize this factor resulting in a male-female vs. embedded-alone interaction and an order of presentation vs. embedded-alone interaction.

Ego↗