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Biomedical subjects

W Yin

Publications and source records attributed to W Yin.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed2000

[Tracheal transplantation].

OBJECTIVE: To treat long tracheal cancer by tracheal transplantation. METHODS: In March 17, 1999, a patient received a total laryngeal resection and a resection of 8 cm upper and middle trachea, which was replaced by a 6 cm long trachea of another donor. The donor trachea was dipped first in preservation liquid A for sterilization for 24 hours, then in preservation liquid B for over 48 hours for destructing MHC. Pedunculated greater omentum and pedunculated greater pectoral musculus supplied the blood for the donor trachea. One side of the donor was anastomosed with the lower trachea, and the other with the neck skin. RESULTS: The patient survived 300 days after operation. The auto tracheal membrane covered the donor surface; auto- and xeno trachea was well anastomose. The new trachea grew very well. CONCLUSION: Trachea transplantation is possible the best method to treat long tracheal disease if the transplantable trachea is less 5 cm.

Aged↗
PubMed2000

[Epidemiological characteristics of Guillain-Barré syndrome in urban and rural areas in Beijing and Hebei, China].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate epidemiological and clinical patterns of Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) in urban and rural areas in Beijing municipality and Hebei province, China. METHODS: We investigated GBS incidence using a strengthened case surveillance and an active case ascertainment in 2 counties and 4 districts of Beijing municipality and 3 counties of Hebei province during 1993 to 1994. RESULTS: On the basis of the diagnostic criteria of NINCDS, 54 patients were identified. The age-adjusted incidence rates per 100,000 population for GBS were 0.9 in rural areas, and 0.8 in urban areas. A peak agespecific incidence showed in adults aged 50 to 59 years. A higher incidence appeared to occur in the spring and summer for rural residents, but not significant for urban population. In comparing course of GBS in rural and urban areas, there were differences in mean days from beginning of neurological symptom to maximal weakness (4.3 vs 7.6 days), and from symptom onset to beginning of recession (11.8 vs 17.5 days). There were preceding events in 72% patients, most frequently in respiratory infection, sensory disturbance in 70.9%, and respiratory assistance in 7.6%. The outcome was compatible with other reports; with complete recovery at 12 months in 79.2% and minimal residua in 20.8% for those alive and with casefatality rate in 7.4%. In addition, a follow-up study on electrophysiological features in 19(90.5%) patients from two counties of Beijing showed the demyelinating lesion (89.5%) over the axonal lesion (52.6%) of motor and/or sensory nerves. CONCLUSIONS: The epidemiological and clinical characteristics of GBS were similar to that reported in other countries. Demyelinating GBS was the main pattern in present population-based study.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

[Effects of nutritional intervention on several chronic diseases in communities].

Eighty seven subjects with abnormal blood glucose, blood pressure and serum triglycerides and cholesterol were selected. They are living in the urban area of Chengdu. Nutritional intervention measures included making suggestions on recipe, nutrition education and consultation etc. The following parameters were observed: 1. fasting blood glucose and postprandial blood glucose at 2 h after meal; 2. serum triglycerides and cholesterol; 3. blood pressure and body weight, and 4. symptom score. Data were analyzed by paired t-test, correlation and stepwise regression analysis. The results showed that above parameters were significantly improved by the end of the study. It can be considered that reasonable diet is a simple and effective measure to control these chronic diseases in communities.

Aged↗
PubMed1999

Microsatellite instability and K-ras mutations in gastric adenomas, with reference to associated gastric cancers.

Gastric adenomas are often detected in the stomach resected for gastric cancer. Previous investigation have revealed that the prevalence of their malignant transformation is generally low, but the frequent coexistence with carcinoma suggests that they may share some common processes with gastric cancer in tumorigenesis. In contrast to the cumulative information about genetic alterations in gastric cancer, inquiries into the genetic changes of adenoma and coexisting carcinoma in the same individual's stomach are still few. We investigated microsatellite instability (MSI) and K-ras point mutations in codons 12 and 13 in 50 lesions of gastric adenomas in 43 cases, and 31 lesions of gastric cancers that coexisted with these adenomas. In gastric adenomas, we found seven lesions (14.0%) to have microsatellite instability (MSI) at one or more loci, and most of them (six cases) had MSI at only one locus and were not associated with alterations in presumable target molecules. MSI was detected more frequently (11/31, 35.5%) and more extensively (five lesions at multiple loci) in accompanying gastric carcinomas. The prevalence of MSI in adenomas was more frequently found in those with synchronous gastric cancer (6/37, 16.2%, vs. 1/13, 7.6%) than without, and gastric adenoma accompanied by gastric cancer with multiple MSI tended to have MSI more frequently than that accompanied by cancer without MSI (4/5, 80%, vs. 1/24, 4.2%; p = 0. 01). In at least some individuals, MSI appears to represent one step in the pathway of gastric tumorigenesis, shared by adenoma and carcinoma. We found K-ras gene alteration in 8 lesions (16.0%) out of 50 gastric flat adenomas and no difference in its prevalence between adenoma with or without cancer. Only one gastric cancer, which had adenoma without K-ras mutation, had K-ras codon 12 mutation. Adenomas with a higher grade of atypia (p < 0.05) more frequently carried K-ras point mutation, which is consistent with the situation in colorectal adenoma. We conclude that MSI, not K-ras mutation, is a shared genetic alteration in adenoma and carcinoma of the individual stomach.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1999

[The effect of upon the stimulating action of glyburide in the islet cell secretion of insulin and its mechanism].

OBJECTIVE: To study the effect and mechanism of amylin upon oral sulfonylurea drugs and its action to stimulate the islet cell secretion of insulin in rats. METHODS: Radioimmunogical and fluorescence methods were used to determine the amount of insulin secretion as well as the content of intracellular Ca(2+) of the rat islets incubated with amylin in different concentrations and followed by glyburide stimulation test. RESULTS: In amylin concentrations of 5 micromol/L and 10 micromol/L, 3 nmol/L glyburide decreased insulin release volume, being (3.8 +/- 1.0) microg/L and (2.1 +/- 1.0) microg/L as compare with (4.9 +/- 0.9) microg/L of the control group (t = 2.313, P < 0.05; t = 5.887, P < 0.01). Intracellular Ca(2+) content in the two concentrations was (270 +/- 15) nmol/L and (130 +/- 15) nmol/L, being markedly decreased as compared with (330 +/- 18) nmol/L of the control group. The changes were dosage related (t = 7.243, P < 0.01; t = 24.143, P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: High concentration of amylin is responsible for the prevention of the rise of Ca(2+) inside in the islet beta-cell acted upon by sulfonylurea drugs, this may be one of the mechanisms that bring about the decreased release of insulin.

Amyloid↗
PubMed1998

Alternative splicing of LTBP-3.

LTBPs bind the 100-kDa latent TGF-beta complex and thereby regulate TGF-beta assembly, tissue localization, and function. However, the 100-kDa complex is not always associated with LTBP, and, conversely, evidence suggests that LTBP has a distinct role in the extracellular matrix. As yet, there are no data to explain how the binding interaction between LTBP and the 100-kDa complex is regulated. This report provides the first direct evidence of alternative splicing of an LTBP gene. Two alternative splice sites in the mouse LTBP-3 gene have been identified based on in vivo and in vitro studies. Alternative splicing at one site in particular was found to disrupt a structural motif involved in the binding interaction with the 100-kDa latent TGF-beta complex. Therefore, alternative splicing may represent a molecular mechanism by which the uncomplexed form of LTBP-3 is produced, and, as a corollary, by which the 100-kDa latent TGF-beta 1 complex is produced.

Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing↗
PubMed1998

8-Cysteine TGF-BP structural motifs are the site of covalent binding between mouse LTBP-3, LTBP-2, and latent TGF-beta 1.

The small latent TGF-beta complex often is associated with the latent TGF-beta binding protein (LTBP). Three LTBPs (LTBP-1, -2, and -3) have been isolated to date. Previous studies have shown that LTBP-1 binds the small latent TGF-beta 1 complex through a disulfide bond between an 8-cysteine structural motif of LTBP-1 (TGF-bp repeat) and the propeptide dimer of latent TGF-beta 1 (TGF-beta 1 latency associated peptide). There is indirect evidence that LTBP-2 and LTBP-3 also bind the latent TGF-beta complex, but the nature and location of the binding interaction are unknown. We have used immunoprecipitation, SDS-PAGE, and autoradiography to characterize the association between mouse LTBP-3 and the small latent TGF-beta 1 complex. We report that the second and third TGF-bp repeats of LTBP-3 covalently bind the latent complex, and we show a similar capability for the homologous TGF-bp repeats of mouse LTBP-2. The second TGF-bp repeat of LTBP-3 is unusual in that it has 9 cysteine residues instead of 8, and our results provide the first evidence that a TGF-bp repeat with an odd number of cysteine residues can covalently bind latent TGF-beta 1. Altogether, these results have important implications for TGF-beta biosynthesis and the regulation of TGF-beta activity.

Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing↗
PubMed1998

[Determination of food oral-colon transit time with breath hydrogen test].

OBJECTIVE: To establish a method to determine food oral-colon transit time (OCTT). METHODS: OCTT was determined for five groups of food rich in carbohydrate in 13 healthy adults with breath hydrogen test (BHT) using lactulose as control. RESULTS: OCTT was 90.0 +/- 50.6 min, 237 +/- 64.9 min, 341.3 +/- 77.9 min and 352.5 +/- 59.5 min, respectively for lactulose syrup, sweet potato, steamed bun and corn flour, and OCTT could not identified for rice and rice with ground meat due to hydrogen production only in few study subjects or no rising in hydrogen value. OCTT inversely correlated with peak hydrogen value (r = -0.6625) and correlated with the time of peak hydrogen value and food absorption rate (r = 0.7668 and 0.8790). CONCLUSION: BHT is a simple, reliable, non-invasive and feasible method to determine food OCTT.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

[Behavioral-teratological effects of caffeine on mice].

Pregnant ICR mice were exposed to caffeine at levels of 0, 4, 20 and 100 mg/kg during pregnancy. The behavioral-teratological tests indicated that the retardation of development, the obstruction of early reflexes and sensation and decline of learning ability existed in the offsprings of 20 and 100 mg/kg groups. The number of the dead fetus increased in the group of 100 mg/kg coffeine treated mice. No morphological changes were found.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

[Radiation-induced apoptosis of two nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell lines].

OBJECTIVE: To study apoptosis induced by radiation in two nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) cell lines, CNE and CNE-2. METHODS: Hoechst 33342 staining, immunocytochemical staining, RT-PCR, DNA dot blotting and Southern blotting were used to identify apoptosis. RESULTS: A single dose of X-irradiation resulted in apoptosis, the apoptotic index (AI) was time- and dose-dependent. Different apoptotic responses existed in the two cell lines. Immunocytochemical staining showed that bcl-2 protein was strongly positive in CNE but negetive in CNE-2. However, RT-PCR revealed p53 mRNA in CNE-2 but not in CNE. p53 and bcl-2 genes were both present in the two cell lines as shown by DNA blotting, but the 2.8 kb fragment of the p53 gene was much lower than the 5.6 Kb fragment in CNE which was clearly shown in Southern hybridization, suggestive of partial deletion of p53 gene in CNE. CONCLUSION: Apoptotic response to radiation is different in 2 NPC cell lines. CNE is more radio-resistant than CNE-2. Overexpression of bcl-2 protein and partial deletion of p53 gene may explain their difference in radio-sensitivity.

Apoptosis↗
PubMed1998

[Effect of cyclin D1 protein expression on the prognosis of esophageal squamous-cell carcinoma treated with preoperative radiotherapy].

OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of cyclin D1 protein expression on the prognosis of esophageal carcinoma treated with preoperative radiotherapy. METHODS: From Nov. 1979 to Dec. 1996, 164 patients were treated with preoperative radiation followed by radical esophagectomy in our hospital. All cases were confirmed by pathology as squamous-cell carcinoma. Two vertical radiation fields were used to deliver a total tumor dose of 30-40 Gy, with 15-20 fractions in 3-4 weeks. Immunohistochemical staining of cyclin D1 was performed using a streptavidin-biotin staining technique. RESULTS: Cyclin D1 protein expression was positive in 62.5%(65/104) and 60.8%(93/153) for pre- and post-radiation tumor specimens, respectively. The expression level did not change following radiation. Post-radiation cyclin D1 expression influenced the survival (P = 0.055), and the survival rate differed significantly between patients who expressed cyclin D1 and those who did not (P = 0.02). CONCLUSION: Cyclin D1 expression is of prognostic value for esophageal carcinoma. It may provide a reference criterion for the clinical staging of esophageal cancer.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

[An experimental study of the formation of osteoclast-like cell in rat bone marrow culture].

OBJECTIVES: To set up a culture method of osteoclast-like cell (OLC) formation in rat bone marrow and to investigate the effects of 1,25(OH)2D3 and osteoblasts on the formation of OLC. METHODS: The culture of bone marrow from 4-week old rats were studied for the formation of OLC. The culture was divided into four groups: group A, only bone marrow culture as control; group B, bone marrow and osteoblast (from the crania of newborn rats) coculture; group C, bone marrow culture with 1,25(OH)2D3(final concentration 10(-8) mol/L); group D, bone marrow and osteoblast coculture with 1,25(OH)2D3. After 7 days of culture, the number of OLC which was recognized as tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRACP) (+) multinucleated cell, the cellular TRACP and the resorption pits on bone slice were examined. RESULTS: No OLC was present at the beginning of the bone marrow culture in any groups. OLC still failed to be detected in group A by the end of culture, and a few of OLCs could be found out in group B and C. The number of OLC in group D was more than that in the other groups (P < 0.01). The cellular TRACP in group A was lower than that in the other groups, and the cellular TRACP activity in group B and C was lower than that in group D (P < 0.01). In group D, several smaller resorption pits on The bone slice were observed. CONCLUSION: The formation of OLC requires 1,25(OH)2D3 and coculture with osteoblasts favors the formation of OLC in bone marrow culture.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

[Thoracoscopic lung reduction surgery for emphysema].

OBJECTIVE: To study the surgical treatment of emphysema. METHOD: Five patients with severe diffused pulmonary emphysema underwent surgical bilateral lung volume reduction by video-assisted thoracoscopy. All patients were male and their age ranged from 60 to 71 years (mean 64.3 years). Before surgery, 5 patients required supplement oxygen with exertion and one oxygen supplement at rest. Preoperative and postoperative assessments included standard pulmonary function studies, chest CT scan and quantitative nuclear lung perfusion and ventilation scan. Wedge resection was performed were in 3 patients, simple plication in 1, and combined wedge resection and plication in 1. There were no early or late mortality and no requirement for immediate postoperative ventilatory assistance. RESULT: Follow-up ranged from 10 to 12 months. After surgery the mean forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV(1)) was significantly increased from 0.46 L to 1.13 L (P < 0.001) and the mean forced vital capacity (FVC) was markedly improved from 1.74 L to 2.93 L (P < 0.001). Pulmonary compliance was significantly improved and resistance of airway decreased (P < 0.001). The mean distance during 6-min walk test increased from 10 m to 400 m in 4 patients. CONCLUSION: Thoracoscopic bilateral lung volume reduction is an effective and safe technique for patients with severe emphysema. It can relieve dyspnea and improve in excise tolerance and quality of life.

Aged↗
PubMed1998

[Clinical application of 2 mm micro-thoracoscopic surgery].

OBJECTIVE: To determine the clinical safety and efficacy of micro-thoracoscopic surgery. METHOD: From July 1996 to July 1997, video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery was performed in 47 patients by using 2 mm microthoracoscope. There were 36 males and 11 females. Their age ranged from 40 to 75 years with a mean age of 56.7 years. Surgical procedures included bullectomy (16 patients), wedge resection (3), lung cancer staging (4), lobectomy (2), exploration (15), and resection of mediastinal tumor (2), esophagectomy (1) and repair of pneumothorax (4). Local anesthesia was employed in 18 patients and general anesthesia with double lumen endotracheal tube in 29. RESULT: There were no operative mortality and postoperative complications. CONCLUSION: 2 mm micro-thoracoscopic surgery could be used in the management of a variety of thoracic conditions. It may be of significant value for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes, but the further study for this new technique is required to determine its safety and efficacy.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Transcriptional regulation of the HOX4C gene by basic fibroblast growth factor on rheumatoid synovial fibroblasts.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the expression of genes of the HOX D cluster in the synovial tissue of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and to determine whether basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) influences the expression and transcriptional regulation of the gene. METHODS: The expression of genes of the HOX D cluster, including HOX4C, HOX4D, HOX4H, and HOX4I, was determined in the synovium of 4 patients with RA and 4 with osteoarthritis (OA) by in situ reverse transcription (RT) and RT-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The induction of HOX4C messenger RNA (mRNA) by bFGF was determined by RT-PCR. The binding activity of a transcriptional regulator of the HOX4C gene, C2, was analyzed by the mobility shift assay. NIH-3T3 cells transfected with a construct containing C2 binding sequence were incubated with bFGF, and the activity of the reporter was measured by luciferase assay. RESULTS: Using an in situ RT assay, specific expression of HOX4C mRNA was detected in 3 of 4 RA synovial samples, whereas none of the OA synovia expressed HOX4C. HOX4D, HOX4H, and HOX4I genes were expressed in all synovial samples from RA and OA patients. The presence of HOX4C mRNA was also confirmed by RT-PCR and Southern blotting. Treatment with bFGF increased the expression of HOX4C mRNA in RA fibroblasts. The mobility shift assay and luciferase assay showed that bFGF enhanced C2 binding activity and significantly increased the transcriptional activity on RA fibroblasts. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that HOX4C is involved in synovial hyperplasia, and that the transcriptional regulation of HOX4C genes by bFGF may play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of RA.

Arthritis, Rheumatoid↗
PubMed1997

Stage-dependent evaluation of microsatellite instability in gastric carcinoma with familial clustering.

Familial clustering of gastric cancer is probably caused by multifactorial processes, both environmental and genetic. In this report, the incidence of microsatellite instability (MSI) in 31 cases of gastric cancer in Japanese (33 lesions) with familial clustering (two or more gastric cancers within second-degree relatives) was compared to MSI in Japanese cases without a family of any cancer in age ( +/- 10 years)-, stage-, and histological subtype-matched case-control study. Although the difference noted was not significant, we noted a strong trend for MSI at any of up to seven loci of CA repeats to occur more frequently in the patients with a family history of gastric than in the control patients in early cancer (intramucosal and submucosal), whereas the prevalence of MSI was similar in both groups in more advanced cases, in which the tumor invaded beyond the proper muscle layer of the gastric wall. Because the contribution of a family history of gastric cancer to MSI apparently differs in early and advanced gastric cancer, interpretation of MSI in familial gastric cancer cases published previously require reevaluation in terms of stage and proper controls. An acquisition of CA repeat alterations in the early stage rather than in the late stage of gastric carcinogenesis may have in common etiological factors, at least in some cases, with the familial clustering of gastric cancer.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Molecular cloning of the mouse activin beta E subunit gene.

cDNA clones encoding a novel activin beta subunit have been isolated from mouse liver cDNA library. An amino acid homology comparison among members of the TGF-beta superfamily indicates that the open reading frame codes for a new activin/inhibin beta subunit. The predicted mature region of the subunit shows > 60% identity with activin beta C and beta D and > or = 45% identity with activin beta A and beta B, but only 20-40% amino acid sequence identity with other TGF-beta superfamily members. Therefore, the novel subunit has been designated activin beta E. Alignment of the mature growth factor region of the five activin beta subunits revealed that activin beta A and beta B share 63% amino acid identity, while activin beta C, beta D, and beta E share 62% identity. Therefore, activin beta A and beta B are most related to one another, while activin beta C, beta D, and beta E may represent a subset of related sequences.

Activins↗