A comparative study on the structure of population size at the provincial level in China.
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Asia↗
Biomedical subjects
W Yin
Publications and source records attributed to W Yin.
Present status of radiation oncology in China. Second survey of Chinese Society of Radiation Oncology.
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China↗
[Treating STZ-induced diabetic rats with agarose microcapsulated porcine islets].
OBJECTIVE: To study the function of microencapsulated porcine islets in vitro and in vivo. METHODS: Consecutive perfusion of collagenase via pancreatic ducts was used to isolate porcine islet of langerhans. The micro encapsulates were made by phase-separation method with Chinese-made agarose as immunoisolation membrane, 21 diabetic rats were used, 6 for comparing and 15 for transplantation. Six received intraperitoneally uncapsulated islets, 6 received intraperitoneally capsulated islets, and 3 injected uncapsulated islets under kidney capsules. RESULTS: The islets could secrete insulin consecutively for a month, and the cells in capsules survived very well without autolysis. In the early two days' culture, the islets had marked reactions to the stimulation from glucose in high concentration and theophylline. The amount of insulin released was 1.83 times and 2.28 times as much as that of glucose in low concentration respectively (P < 0.01). 2000-3000 microencapsulated islets per rat were transplanted intraperitoneally in six diabetic rats without the use of immunosuppressive drugs. On the 4th day, blood sugar dropped significantly until the 7th day, when it was in normal range. The concentration of blood sugar remained for 30 days. CONCLUSION: The agarose microcapsule processes a better function of immunoisolation, which may lay a foundation of treating IDDM with encapsulated porcine islets grafting.
Animals↗
Isolation of a novel latent transforming growth factor-beta binding protein gene (LTBP-3).
This paper reports the molecular cloning of a novel gene in the mouse that shows structural similarities to the microfibril protein fibrillin and to the latent transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) binding protein (LTBP), a component of the latent TGF-beta complex. The gene was initially isolated during a low stringency polymerase chain reaction screen of a NIH 3T3 cell cDNA library using primers that amplify a human fibrillin-1 epidermal growth factor-like repeat. Three lines of evidence suggest that the mouse gene is a third member of the LTBP gene family, which we designate LTBP-3. First, the deduced polypeptide, which consists of 15 epidermal growth factor-like repeats, 3 TGF binding protein repeats, and 2 proline- and glycine-rich sequences, shows 38.4% identity with LTBP-1 but only 27% identity with fibrillin-1. Second, the gene appears to be co-expressed in developing mouse tissues with TGF-beta. Third, immunoprecipitation studies using mouse preosteoblast MC3T3-E1 cells and a specific anti-peptide polyclonal antiserum reveal that the mouse polypeptide forms a complex with the TGF-beta 1 precursor. Finally, we note that the LTBP-3 gene was recently localized to a distinct genetic locus (Li, X., Yin, W., Perez-Jurado, L., Bonadio, J., and Francke, U. (1995) Mamm. Genome 6, 42-45). Identification of a third binding protein provides further insight into a mechanism by which latent TGF-beta complexes can be targeted to connective tissue matrices and cells.
3T3 Cells↗
Primary structure and developmental expression of Fbn-1, the mouse fibrillin gene.
Previous studies have reported > 10 kilobases of human fibrillin-1 cDNA sequence, but a consensus regarding the 5' end of the transcript remains to be worked out. One approach to developing a clear consensus would be to search for regions of evolutionary conservation in transcripts from a related species such as mouse. As reported here, the mouse fibrillin-1 transcript encodes a highly conserved polypeptide of 2,871 amino acids. The upstream sequence that flanks the ATG is considerably less well conserved, however. Indeed, the ATG codon (which occurs in the context of a Kozak consensus sequence and is located just upstream of a consensus signal peptide) signals the point where human and mouse fibrillin-1 sequences cease to be nearly identical. Together, these results are consistent with previous efforts by Pereira et al. (Pereira, L., D'Alessio, M., Ramirez, F., Lynch, J. R., Sykes, B., Pangilinan, T., and Bonadio, J. (1993) Human Mol. Genet. 2, 961-968) to identify the human fibrillin-1 translational start site. Sequences immediately upstream of the ATG are GC-rich and devoid of TATA and CCAAT boxes, which suggests that the mouse fibrillin-1 gene will be broadly expressed. A survey of expression in mouse embryo tissues is consistent with this hypothesis and suggests two novel functions for fibrillin-associated microfibrils in non-elastic connective tissues.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
Mapping of human and murine genes for latent TGF-beta binding protein-2 (LTBP2).
A novel gene, isolated because of structural similarities to fibrillin, was called LTBP2 when its 4.6-kb transcript was found to encode a protein sequence related to the latent TGF-beta binding protein (LTBP1), which is encoded on human chromosome (Chr) 2, region p12-q22. We have assigned the human and murine LTBP2 loci to regions of conserved synteny on human Chr 11 and mouse Chr 19. By PCR analysis of somatic cell hybrid DNA and fluorescence in situ hybridization, LTBP2 was mapped to human Chr band 11q12 and Ltbp2 to mouse Chr band 19B. Differences between inbred strains were discovered by single-strand conformation analysis of PCR products from the 3' untranslated region. Analysis of BXD and AKXL recombinant inbred strains have placed Ltbp2 between D19Rp19 and Ly10 on proximal mouse Chr 19.
Animals↗
Percutaneous endovascular embolization of intracerebral arteriovenous malformations. Experience in 72 cases.
Endovascular therapeutic embolization of arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) of the brain was performed in 72 patients between October 1986 and March 1993. From October 1986 to May 1991, 38 patients in this series were treated with isobuty1-2-cyanoacrylate (IBCA) glue. After June 1991, in the remaining 34 patients the embolic materials used included surgical silk (5-0), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), ethanol, and estrogen. After treatment, 29 patients (40.3%) had complete angiographic obliteration of AVM, 15 (21%) transient neurologic postembolization deficit, and 3 (4%) permanent deficit without death. Embolic agents and procedures are discussed as to their curative effects, safety, normal perfusion pressure breakthrough (NPPB) problem, with silk mixture fluid being considered preferable.
Adolescent↗
Expression of immune regulatory molecules in Epstein-Barr virus-associated nasopharyngeal carcinomas with prominent lymphoid stroma. Evidence for a functional interaction between epithelial tumor cells and infiltrating lymphoid cells.
Undifferentiated nasopharyngeal carcinomas (UNPC) are characterized by an association with Epstein-Barr virus and an abundant lymphoid stroma. The role of this lymphoid stroma is uncertain but is mostly thought to represent an immune response against viral or tumor antigens. We have analyzed the expression of immune regulatory receptor/ligand pairs in snap-frozen biopsies of 20 UNPCs. All cases were Epstein-Barr virus positive and the virus-encoded latent membrane protein, LMP1, was expressed in 6 cases. By immunohistochemistry, we have demonstrated the expression of CD70 and CD40 in the tumor cells of 16 and 18 cases, respectively. Infiltrating lymphoid cells expressing CD27, the CD70 receptor, and the CD40 ligand were present in all cases. The Bcl-2 protein was detected in 17 cases. Unexpectedly, tumor cells of 5 cases expressed at least one member of the B7 family (CD80, CD86, and B7-3) and many lymphoid cells expressing the corresponding counter-receptor, CD28, were detected in all cases. Interestingly, 5 of 6 LMP1-positive cases also expressed B7, whereas all 14 LMP1-negative cases were also B7 negative. Our results indicate that T cells and carcinoma cells communicate in the microenvironment of UNPCs and suggest that the presence of a lymphoid stroma may be a requirement for UNPC growth at least in certain stages of tumor development.
Carcinoma↗
[High purification of human thrombin].
A highly purified human thrombin was prepared from plasma. The procedure involved the adsorption of prothrombin from human plasma by barium chloride and precipitation by using ammonium sulfate. The partially purified prothrombin was activated by tissue thromboplastin and followed by chromatography on Amberllte and SP-Sephadex. The purified enzyme is homogeneous on SDS-PAGE and has a specific activity toward fibrinogen of 2000 NIH U/mg. The recovery is about 30% approximately 40%. This highly purified human thrombin can be used as a tool enzyme in the downstream procedure of fused recombinant proteins expressed by genetic engineering.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
[A hot-spot mutation of p53 gene in nasopharyngeal carcinoma].
Using DNA sequencing and immunohistochemical staining, p53 gene mutation and overexpression were investigated in 23 formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded specimens of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). All patients were from regions of low NPC incidence in China. Sequencing of exon 7 and exon 8, revealed p53 gene mutation in 15 of the 23 specimens (65.2%). All the mutations were at codon 273(CGT-->CAT), so that arginine encoded by this codon was replaced by histidine. In addition, p53 overexpression was found in another NPC specimen without mutation in exon 7 or 8 of p53 gene. The results suggest that p53 gene mutation is of common occurrence in NPC. The hot-spot mutation at codon 273 might be related to some special carcinogen in the environment, or this change be essential in the multi-step process of carcinogenesis of the nasopharynx.
Base Sequence↗
Lectin conjugate-directed gene transfer to airway epithelial cells.
Many cell surface receptors contain covalently linked carbohydrates recognizable by lectins. This study examined the feasibility of using lectins as gene delivery vectors. Polylysine (PL) and histone (His) conjugates of concanavalin A (Con A), Maackia amurensis agglutinin (MAA), Sambucus nigra agglutinin (SNA), and wheat germ agglutinin (WGA), were employed to deliver pCMVlacZ to human airway epithelial cells (CFT1). As compared to the control (= 1.0), the beta-galactosidase activities expressed in CFT1 cells transfected with lectin-PL/His-DNA containing 5 micrograms/ml conjugate and 10 micrograms/ml DNA were: Con A-His, 7.7; SNA-His, 3.5; Con A-PL, 2.4; WGA-PL/His, 1.3; others, 1.0. The efficiency of gene transfer directed by Con A-His was dose dependent between 2.5 and 10 micrograms/ml of the conjugate. The maximal beta-galactosidase activity expressed relative to the control was 42 obtained using 10 micrograms/ml conjugate. These results demonstrate that lectin-PL/His conjugates can be used as vectors to transfer genes to airway epithelial cells.
Binding Sites↗
Quantitative distribution of rat brain monoamine oxidase A by [14C]clorgyline autoradiography.
The distribution of functionally active monoamine oxidase type A (MAO-A) was investigated by in vivo quantitative autoradiography using [14C]clorgyline in normal, conscious rat brain. [14C]clorgyline was synthesized by the methylation reaction of N-desmethylclorgyline using [14C]methyliodide. Sixty minutes after [14C]clorgyline administration (1.58 MBq/animal i.v.), the brains were removed and prepared for autoradiography by washing the brain sections with 5% trichloroacetic acid solution to remove the nonbinding free tracer. The amount of MAO-A was calculated from the regional acid-insoluble tissue radioactivity and the specific activity of the tracer. The highest amount of MAO-A (5.84 nmol/g tissue) was found in the locus coeruleus. The interpeduncular nucleus, habenular nucleus, fasciculus retroflexus, and solitary tract nucleus possessed over 1.6 nmol/g tissue of MAO-A. Among 23 regions of interest, the lowest amount of MAO-A (0.37 nmol/g tissue) was found in the globus pallidus. The findings of this study suggest that the pattern of MAO-A parallels both in neuroanatomical distribution and in density that of norepinephrine and serotonin innervation. The MAO-A concentration was, however, relatively low in the dopamine-related areas. This corresponded to the previous results obtained by histochemical analysis. In addition, among the white matter structures, a high amount of MAO-A was found specifically in the fasciculus retroflexus.
Animals↗
[Mandibular advancement for the treatment of micrognathia with obstructive sleep apnea].
Fifteen patients with micrognathia and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) are presented. All patients were evaluated before and after surgery by physical examinations, cephalometric, fibroptic pharyngoscopy and oxygen saturation (SaO2). A method that allows isolated advancement of the genial tubercle and genioglossus muscle is described. The operation could enlarge the pharyngeal airway space at the base of the tongue (P < 0.05), increase SaO2 and decrease MP-H (P < 0.05) so that the symptoms of OSAS improved or disappeared. The facial symmetry and chin prominence also improved significantly. This method is simple and effective for the treatment of OSAS due to micrognathia and obviates the need for intermaxillary fixation. But it is not indicated for patients with severe malocclusion or airway obstruction on more than one sites.
Adolescent↗
Effect of chronic ACE inhibition on glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in hypertensive type 2 diabetic patients.
We studied 14 moderately overweight Type 2 diabetic patients with essential hypertension in stable metabolic control after a run-in period, and again after 3 months of antihypertensive treatment with the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor captopril. Glucose tolerance was tested with a 75g oral glucose load (OGTT) and insulin sensitivity was measured by the insulin suppression test (IST) while dietary and drug treatment of the hyperglycemia was maintained constant. In the whole group, mean blood pressure (MBP) fell progressively over 3 months from a baseline value of 123 +/- 3 mmHg (1 mmHg = 0.133 kpa) to a final value of 115 +/- 2 mmHg (P < 0.005). After treatment, fasting plasma glucose, insulin, free fatty acid (FFA), potassium, and glycosylated hemoglobin concentrations were unchanged from baseline. There were no significant differences in glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity between pre- and post-treatment values. Neither endogenous (oral glucose) nor exogenous (IST) insulin caused any change in plasma potassium concentration. This resistance to the hypokalemic action of insulin was not affected by captopril.
Blood Glucose↗
Structure, chromosomal localization, and expression pattern of the murine Magp gene.
The microfibril-associated glycoprotein (MAGP) was recently established as a discrete constituent of 10-nm microfibrils. We have characterized the primary structure of the mouse transcript, the structure and chromosomal localization of the murine gene, and the developmental pattern of gene expression. The transcript consists of 1,037 base pairs as determined by cDNA cloning, Northern blot analysis, S1 nuclease mapping, and primer extension mapping. Using a cDNA fragment as a probe, we isolated a single genomic clone that contained the entire mouse gene. Analysis of this clone indicated that Magp is fragmented into 9 exons, with the initiator Met codon located in exon 2. As determined by analysis of somatic cell hybrid lines and by fluorescence in situ hybridization, the mouse gene was mapped to chromosome 4 at a location corresponding to region D3-E1. Genomic sequence immediately upstream of the transcription start site was found to be GC-rich but lacked TATA or CCAAT boxes as well as other cis-acting motifs known to regulate transcription. Promoters of this type are usually found in genes that exhibit broad temporal and spatial patterns of expression. Consistent with this idea, the Magp transcript appeared to be the widespread product of mesenchymal/connective tissue cells throughout mouse development. This study presents the first comprehensive evaluation of microfibril gene expression during mammalian development.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
[A clinical analysis of twelve patients with Galerina autumnalis poisoning].
Twelve patients with Galerina Autumnalis (GA) poisoning were treated. Amatoxin and phallotoxin are the principal toxins of GA. After absorption from intestine into the liver, the toxins combine with RNA polymerase, resulting in block of messenger (mRNA) synthesis, hepatocellular damage, hepatitis, hepatic necrosis, serious coagulation abnormalities and DIC. The clinical characteristics are long latent period, short period of "pseudo-remission" and serious liver dysfunction. These were pathologically confirmed by autopsy. Our experiences with this poisoning are as follows: treatment should be carried out as early as possible, especially with gastric lavage and catharsis and special attention paid to the "pseudo-remission".
Adolescent↗
Effect of chronic ACE inhibition on glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in hypertensive type 2 diabetic patients.
The question, of whether long-term treatment of essential hypertension with angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors is capable of modifying glucose tolerance or insulin sensitivity in Type 2 (non-insulin dependent) diabetes, is still unsolved. We studied 14 moderately overweight Type 2 diabetic patients with essential hypertension in stable metabolic control after a run-in period and again after 3 months of antihypertensive treatment with the ACE inhibitor, captopril. Glucose tolerance was tested with a 75-g oral glucose load and insulin sensitivity was measured by the insulin suppression test, while dietary and drug treatment of the diabetes remained constant. In the whole group, mean blood pressure (MBP) fell progressively over 3 months from a baseline value of 123 +/- 3 mmHg to a final value of 115 +/- 2 mmHg (p < 0.005); in six patients, the change in MBP was < 5 mmHg (non-responders), thus giving a clinical response rate of approximately 60%. After treatment, fasting plasma glucose, insulin, free fatty acid (FFA), potassium, and glycated haemoglobin concentrations were unchanged from baseline. During the oral glucose tolerance test, the incremental glucose area-under-curve was 0.75 +/- 0.05 mol 120 min l-1 before and 0.76 +/- 0.06 mol 120 min l-1 after treatment (p = ns). Endogenous insulin response and suppression of plasma FFA levels were superimposable on the two occasions. During the insulin suppression test, steady-state plasma glucose levels were 14.4 +/- 1.3 vs 14.2 +/- 1.1 mmol l-1 before and after chronic ACE inhibition, respectively, at comparable hyperinsulinaemic plateaux (291 +/- 21 vs 287 +/- 14 pmol l-1).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Blood Glucose↗
[Pharmacokinetics of liensinine in rabbits].
A method for the determination of plasma concentration of liensinine with HPLC and pharmacokinetic study of liensinine in rabbits were reported. Assay linearity was shown over the range of 0.125-2.5 micrograms/ml serum with regression coefficient of 0.9997. The mean recoveries of liensinine in plasma (within-day and between-days) were all more than 99% of the dose and the coefficients of variation were less than 5%. After a single intravenous injection of liensinine 6mg/kg to rabbit. The pharmacokinetic characteristics were found to fit a two-compartment open model. Important parameters were: t1/2 alpha = 8.303 min t1/2 beta = 129.960min AUC = 132.67 micrograms.min/ml CL = 0.045 L/min Vc = 2.768 L/kg.
Animals↗