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Biomedical subjects

Weiyan Yang

Publications and source records attributed to Weiyan Yang.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

[Diagnosis of delayed endolymphatic hydrops].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the diagnostic methods and significance of several tests for delayed endolymphatic hydrops (DEH). METHOD: Fifteen patients with delayed endolymphatic hydrops were tested with pure tone threshold, ECochG, bithermal caloric test and vestibular evoked myogenic potentials test to detect the lesioned side and the extent of hydrops. RESULT: All of the 15 patients had sensorineural hearing loss to the medium-severe extent at least. Ten were the ipsilateral type, four contralateral type and one bilateral type. Five cases had abnormal horizontal semicircular canal (HSCC) hydrops and saccular hydrops; six cases had abnormal HSCC function and normal saccular function; two cases had abnormal saccular function and normal HSCC function. The seven abnormal VEMP took the forms of loss of p13-n23, elongation of the latency of p13 or depressed amplitude cases with of p13-n23. CONCLUSION: ECochG, bithermal caloric test and VEMP may play a major role in the diagnosis of delayed endolymphatic hydrops and they should be utilized as the routine tests.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

[Genotypic analysis of familial dilated vestibular aqueduct syndrome].

OBJECTIVE: To analyze clinical manifestation of patients from two families with dilated vestibular aqueduct syndrome (DVAS). Their genotypic patterns were discriminated with the genetic testing methods for PDS gene. METHOD: The twin sisters from pedigree and the brother and sister from pedigree 2 all suffered from sensorineural hearing loss. All patients from these two families were confirmed to have enlarged vestibular aqueduct by temporal bone CT scan. Exon 7+8 and their flanking area sequences were analyzed by direct sequencing. All other exons and their flanking sequences were screened by DHPLC. The amplicons of exons which showed abnormal DHPLC wave pattern were further sequenced. RESULT: The parents of two families are non-consanguineous, hearing normal couples with no other family members with hearing loss. Both families have two offspring with DVAS. The clinical features of all patients were progressive hearing loss, good communication ability but with thickness pronunciation. Both twin sisters from pedigree are homozygous for the splice site mutation (IVS 7-2 A-G) affecting the 3 splice site consensus sequence of intron 7. The brother and sister of pedigree 2 are compound heterozygotes for 1199 ins T mutation and a missense mutation (1229 C-T). CONCLUSION: Familial DVLS is typical hereditary disease. The patients with DVLS have similar clinical manifestation and the same genotypic changes in PDS.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

[Surgical approach and materials in reparation of cerebrospinal rhinorrhea (54 cases reports)].

OBJECTIVE: To find out the best surgical approach and repair material in repairing cerebrospinal rhinorrhea by comparing their characteristics. METHOD: The clinical data of 54 cases from March 1983 to June 2001 with continuous cerebrospinal rhinorrhea treated by different approaches and repair materials were retrospective analyzed. RESULT: The highest recurrent rate was by anterior cranial fossa approach, while the lowest was by nasal endoscope. The bleeding volume in nasal endoscope approach was less than other surgical approaches with the significant differences (P <0.01). Galea frontalis myofascial flap and fascia lata were often used to repair fistula in operation. CONCLUSION: Nasal endoscope is the best approach. Cranionasal combination approach can be used in cases with larger defect in basis crania by galea frontalis myofascial flap reparation. The proper approach and repair materials should be selected according to the practical situation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

[Significance of some otologic function tests in diagnosis of Meniere's disease].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the significance of vestibular function battery and electrocochleogram on diagnosis of Meniere's disease. METHOD: Patients with Meniere's disease were given pure tone hearing threshold test, auditory brainstem responses (ABR), electrocochleogram (ECoG), vestibular bithermal caloric test and vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (VEMP) test. RESULT: (1) As for the bithermal caloric test, the percentage of the abnormal canal paresis (CP) at three durations, i.e. , 0 to approximately 5 years, 6 to approximately 10 years and over 11 years were 56.9%, 75.9% and 61.6% respectively. The total positive rate was 50.0%. CP and duration of Meniere's disease had low correlation (P < 0.05). (2) The percentage of the abnormal VEMP at three durations, i.e., 0-5 years,6-10 years and over 11 years were 57.4%, 60% and 57.1% respectively. The total positive rate was 58.0%. The duration of Meniere 's disease with normal and abnormal VEMP had no significant difference( P >0.05). (3) The percentage of the abnormal ECoG at three durations, i.e., 0-5 years, 6-10 years and over 11 years were 72.1%, 73.3% and 81.3% (49/68,22/30 and 13/16) respectively. The total positive rate was 76.9%. The duration of Meniere's disease with normal and abnormal ECoG had no significant difference (P >0.05). CONCLUSION: Diagnosis of Meniere's disease is mainly based on the medical history. If it could combine with ECoG, bithermal caloric test and VEMP, the diagnosis would be earlier and more accurate.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

[Esthesioneuroblastoma in children].

OBJECTIVE: To summarize the clinical characterization of esthesioneuroblastoma in children and adolescence. METHOD: The esthesioneuroblastoma in children treated in our hospital from 1993 to 2004 were retrospectively evaluated, and thorough literature review of patients with esthesioneuroblastoma was performed by searching for the key word "esthesioneuroblastoma" in CHKD and in Pub Med between 1994-2004, also looking for its reference. RESULT: The most frequent age stage was 11 to 15 years. The main symptoms were nasal occlusion, proptosis, epistaxis, headache and the main location of disease were the intranasal, ethmoid sinus, orbital, anterior cranial fossa. Treatment was mainly combined surgery and radiotherapy,then surgery alone. Most patients died of primary tumour. CONCLUSION: Esthesioneuroblastoma in children is very rare and combined surgery and radiotherapy should be selected.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

[Complementation of head shaking nystagmus and bithermal caloric test].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the complementary relation between head shaking nystagmus (HSN) and bithermal caloric test. METHOD: All of the 60 patients with vertigo were tested with bithermal caloric test, HSN and audiological tests. RESULT: There were 19 patients with normal CP and HSN, in which 8 had shared the same direction (towards the uninjured side) and 11 indicated opposite direction(HSN towards the lesioned side). Ten patients had normal CP with no HSN. Eight patients had abnormal CP and no HSN. In 23 patients with abnormal CP and HSN, HSN in 19 patients had opposite direction against that of CP and HSN in 4 patients had the same direction with that of CP (towards the lesioned side). CONCLUSION: HSN and bithermal caloric test had the complementary effects and it is helpful to interpret the vestibular function more accurately if they are applied together.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

[Surgical management of Mondini dysplasia with cerebrospinal fluid leakage].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the etiology, clinical presentation, surgical treatment and prevention of Mondini dysplasia with cerebrospinal fluid otorrhea. METHOD: Fifteen cases of Mondini dysplasia were collected from our department during 1998-2004. The clinical presentations, surgical treatment and image characters were analysed. Surgical therapy methods included: checking fenestra vestibuli, fenestra cochlear or other fistula and repairing the fistulas by plugging with fascial tissue via tympanoplastic approach with endaural incision. RESULT: Severe sensorineural hearing loss and spontaneous recrudescent meningitis were the characteristics of Mondini dysplasia. The leakage was from fenestra vestibuli, fenestra cochlear or other fragile region nearby. In these cases, ten cases underwent one plugging operation and cured, five cases underwent two or three operation and cured. All these cases had no leakage or meningitis recrudescence after ten months follow up. CONCLUSION: Repairing fistula via tympanoplastic approach is an effective therapeutic method. Avoiding nosogenesis, fitting hearing aid or taking cochlear implantation are important means of prevention and cure.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

[The significance of the interaural latency difference of VEMP].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the significance of the interaural latency (IAL) difference of the latency of VEMP and to raise the sensitivity of the test. METHOD: Vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (VEMP) were tested in 20 healthy subjects; 13 patients with acoustic neuromaor cerebellopontile angle occupying lesions and 1 patient with multiple sclerosis. IAL differences of the wave p13,n23 and p13-n23 (abbreviatd as /delta p13/, /delta n23/ and /delta p13-n23/, respectively) were analysed to determine the normal range and the upper limit of the norm data. Four illustrative cases with the abnormality of the IAL difference were given as examples. RESULT: The upper limit of the IAL of /delta p13/ was 1.13 ms; that of the /delta n23/ was 1.38 ms and that of /delta p13-n23/ was 1.54 ms. The /p13-n23/ latency between the right and left side had no significant difference (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: /delta p13/, /delta n23/ and /delta p13-n23/, especially /delta p13/ of VEMP can suggest abnormality in the neural pathway and it may be applicable in practice.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

[Surgical management of nasal septum malignant tumor].

OBJECTIVE: To summarize the surgical treatment strategy of nasal septum malignant tumor. METHOD: Between 1993 October and 2003 February, 16 patients with nasal septum malignant tumor were treated. In a retrospective review, the pathological character, the operation reports, and the follow up data were analyzed, particularly with respect to the surgical approaches. RESULT: Ten male, 37-79 years old, average 52.2 years old; 6 female, 18-71 years old, average 58 years old. The pathology of nasal septum malignant tumor in our department were: seven cases with squamous cell carcinoma in (5 cases were primary, 2 cases were secondary), 4 cases with adenoid cystic carcinoma (3 cases were primary, 1 case was secondary), 3 cases with malignant melanoma, 1 case with adenocarcinoma, 1 case with mucoepidermoid carcinoma. Duration range was from 1 month to 7 months. The strategy of operation was that 8 cases with lateral rhinotomy, 5 cases with endoscopy, 2 cases with midfacial degloving, 1 case via uvular pathway. All patients received postoperation radiation (30 Gy). After follow up for 1-10 years, 1 case was undetected, 2 cases were dead (1 case with malignant melanoma, 1 case with secondary squamous cell cancer), 3 cases survive with tumor (1 case with squamous cell cancer, 1 case with secondary adenoid cystic cancer, 1 case with malignant melanoma). Ten cases survive without tumor. The rate of death, survival with tumor and survival without tumor is 12.5%, 18.8%, 62.5%, respectively. CONCLUSION: The prognosis of nasal septum malignant tumor is related to operation, radiation and pathological character. The surgical approach to nasal septum malignant tumor is related to the size of the tumor and the age of patient. It classifies the following indications: (1) Endoscopic approach in cases with tumor localized in nasal septum; (2) Lateral rhinotomy in cases with extensive tumor infiltration of the nasal septum, nasal turbinates, or even sinus; (3) Midfacial degloving or via uvular pathway in cases who are young persons.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Correlation of cochlear blood supply with mitochondrial DNA common deletion in presbyacusis.

OBJECTIVE: To study the relationships between cochlear hypoxia, mitochondrial (mt) DNA4977 deletion and metabolic features of mtDNA in presbyacusis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Sixty-seven temporal bones from a presbyacusis group, an age-matched control group and a young and middle-aged control group were involved in the experiment. Nested and tri-nested polymerase chain reactions (PCRs) were applied to test for the presence of the mtDNA4977 deletion. Computer imaging processing was used to measure blood vessel parameters in the internal acoustic meatus (IAM). RESULTS: The mtDNA4977 deletion was detected in 17/34 ears in the presbyacusis group, 4/19 ears in the age-matched control group and 0/14 ears in the young and middle-aged control group. In the presbyacusis group, the lumen of the vasa nervorum of the IAM showed a more severe narrowing in cases with than without the mtDNA4977 deletion. CONCLUSION: The high incidence of the mtDNA4977 deletion in the temporal bones of presbyacusis patients suggests a correlation between the mtDNA4977 deletion and presbyacusis. Hypoxia of the cochlea may cause the mtDNA4977 deletion and other mtDNA mutants and furthermore may cause a reduction in mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and decreased function of the acoustic neural system. The symptoms of presbyacusis may occur when the function of the acoustic neural system is impaired as a result of abnormal mtDNA metabolism reaching a particular threshold.

Aged↗
PubMed2004

[Management and prevention of persistent cerebrospinal fluid otorrhea induced by lateral skull base surgery].

OBJECTIVE: To summarize the pathogenesis, operative management and prevention of persistent cerebrospinal fluid otorrhea induced by lateral skull base surgery. METHOD: Based on the primary diseases and operations, different surgeries for the otorrhea repair were performed as follows: three cases by the mastoidal approach; one case by post-aural combined with translabyrinthine approach; one case by post-aural combined with middle cranial fossaa access; two cases by retrosigmoidal approach; one case by the original incision approach. RESULT: The leak locations were mastoidale in four cases, internal auditory meatus in three cases, external auditory meatus in three cases due to dural defect of middle cranial fossa and post-infra wall of external auditory meatus of one case. All cases were repaired successfully, including one case repaired twice. CONCLUSION: Management and prevention of CSF otorrhea are different according to different skull base surgeries. Mastoid air cells should be focused for retrosigmoidal approach, internal auditory meatus for translabyrinthine approach, the repair of dura defect and closure of eustachium for total and subtotal petrosal removal.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

[The observation of delayed facial paralysis after middle ear and mastoid surgery: 10 cases analysis].

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the cause,treatment and prognosis of 10 cases (ten ears) of delayed facial paralysis (DFP) after chronic otitis media surgery. METHOD: Ten cases of DFP after chronic otitis media surgery were reviewed for the causes, treatments and their prognosis. In all 10 cases, glucocorticoid, antibiotics, neurotrophic and blood vessel dilating agents were prescribed and physiotherapy was also applied. RESULT: After 3 weeks, full recovery was found in all cases, showing the benign prognosis of DFP after chronic otitis media surgery. CONCLUSION: The local edema of facial nerve in response to minor surgical procedures is speculated to be the primary cause of DFP, and it may also be accelerated by the infections of herpes simplex subsequently.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

[The saccular function in Meniere's disease].

OBJECTIVE: To record and analyze the vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (VEMP) in Meniere's disease. METHOD: VEMP in 15 patients diagnosed as Meniere's disease were investigated and made out different kinds of manifestation of VEMP. The results of VEMP were compared with these caloric test. RESULT: The wave of p13 and n23 appeared 100% in normal subjects, but only appeared 30% in Meniere's disease. There were 3 kinds of manifestation of VEMP-normal response, bilateral no response and lower amplitude in hydrops side. CONCLUSION: Membranous hydrops in Meniere's disease may damage the saccular function and VEMP test may be helpful for diagnosis of Meniere's disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

[The expression pattern of L-type voltage-gated Ca2+ channel in rat cochlea].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the molecular basis of the voltage-gated Ca2+ channel (VGCC) which controls the afferent synaptic neurotransmitters release in inner hair cell and their cellular expression. METHOD: In this study we used different and complementary approaches to determine which types of 4 subunits of VGCC were expressed in the organ of Corti. RESULT: RT-PCR analysis showed that alpha1C and alpha1D were present in the organ of Corti total RNA extract, and the corresponding antisense riboprobes could detect the expression of alpha1C and alpha1D in IHCs and OHCs. CONCLUSION: The voltage-gated Ca2+ channel expressed in sensory cell in organ of Corti are alpha1C and alpha1D subtypes.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

[Objective multi-parameters analysis of the voice dysphonia].

OBJECTIVE: The purposes of this paper are to develop a multi-parametric protocol, which can evaluate the voice objectively and quantitatively,and to investigate its correlation with the perceptual analysis. METHOD: The voice samples were collected from 83 patients with dysphonia and 40 subjects with normal voices. All the subjects were women. The objective parameters, including fundamental frequency (F0), jitter, Shimmer, fundamental frequency standard deviation (F0SD), fundamental frequency tremor, amplitude tremor, normalized noise energy (NNE), harmonic-to-noise ratio(HNR), signal-to-noise ratio(SNR) and maximal phonatory time (MPT), which were measured mainly on a sustained vowel /a/, were recorded on a software named Dr. Speech for Windows. According to the G component of the GRBAS, the voice was graded from 0 for normal to 3 for severe dysphonia. RESULT: Using the discriminate analysis, a five parameters protocol (MPT, jitter, NNE, HNR and shimmer) was developed and it showed that this protocol allowed 79.8% concordance with jury classification. CONCLUSION: The voice objective analysis should be multi-parameters. Our multi-parameters evaluation protocol is able to reflect the result of perceptual analysis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Effects of alpha-tocopherol on noise-induced hearing loss in guinea pigs.

Preventing noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) by antioxidants is based on the hypothesis that generation of reactive oxygen species is one of the causes of NIHL. alpha-Tocopherol is a naturally occurring antioxidant with no noticeable side effects. In this study, we attempted to protect guinea pigs from developing NIHL by administering alpha-tocopherol. Pigmented male guinea pigs were exposed to a noise (4 kHz octave band, 100 dB SPL), 8 h/day for 3 days consecutively. alpha-Tocopherol (10 mg/kg or 50 mg/kg daily) was given by intraperitoneal injection from 3 days before through 3 days after the noise exposure. Auditory evoked brainstem response (ABR) thresholds at 2, 4 and 8 kHz were recorded prior to the experiment, immediately post-noise, 2 and 8 days post-noise. On day 8 post-noise, after the ABR recording, guinea pigs were decapitated and the cochleae were removed for cochlear surface preparations and scanning electron microscope (SEM) study. ABR threshold shifts of groups receiving alpha-tocopherol were significantly smaller than those of groups not receiving alpha-tocopherol at all frequencies and all time points tested except that of group 3 at 8 kHz 8 days post-noise. No hair cell loss was seen on the surface preparations, but stereocilia loss was found by SEM study. The noise-induced stereocilia loss was significantly decreased by alpha-tocopherol. These results indicate that alpha-tocopherol can attenuate the noise-induced cochlear damage. Further investigations on the preventive effect of alpha-tocopherol on NIHL in noise-exposed workers are necessary.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Familial auditory neuropathy.

OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: Auditory neuropathy is a sensorineural hearing disorder characterized by absent or abnormal auditory brainstem responses and normal cochlear outer hair cell function as measured by otoacoustic emission recordings. Many risk factors are thought to be involved in its etiology and pathophysiology. Four Chinese pedigrees with familial auditory neuropathy were presented to demonstrate involvement of genetic factors in the etiology of auditory neuropathy. STUDY DESIGN: Probands of the above-mentioned pedigrees, who had been diagnosed with auditory neuropathy, were evaluated and followed in the Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, China People Liberation Army General Hospital (Beijing, China). Their family members were studied, and the pedigree maps established. METHODS: History of illness, physical examination, pure-tone audiometry, acoustic reflex, auditory brainstem responses, and transient evoked and distortion-product otoacoustic emissions were obtained from members of these families. Some subjects received vestibular caloric testing, computed tomography scan of the temporal bone, and electrocardiography to exclude other possible neuropathic disorders. RESULTS: In most affected patients, hearing loss of various degrees and speech discrimination difficulties started at 10 to 16 years of age. Their audiological evaluation showed absence of acoustic reflex and auditory brainstem responses. As expected in auditory neuropathy, these patients exhibited near-normal cochlear outer hair cell function as shown in distortion product otoacoustic emission recordings. Pure-tone audiometry revealed hearing loss ranging from mild to profound in these patients. Different inheritance patterns were observed in the four families. In Pedigree I, 7 male patients were identified among 43 family members, exhibiting an X-linked recessive pattern. Affected brothers were found in Pedigrees II and III, whereas in pedigree IV, two sisters were affected. All the patients were otherwise normal without evidence of peripheral neuropathy at the time of writing. CONCLUSION: Patients with characteristics of nonsyndromic hereditary auditory neuropathy were identified in one large and three smaller Chinese families. Pedigree analysis suggested an X-linked, recessive hereditary pattern in one pedigree and autosomal recessive inheritances in the other three pedigrees. The phenotypes in the study were typical of auditory neuropathy; they were transmitted in different inheritance patterns, indicating clinical and genetic heterogeneity of this disorder. The observed inheritance and clinical audiological findings are different from those previously described for nonsyndromic low-frequency sensorineural hearing loss. This information should facilitate future molecular linkage analyses and positional cloning for the relative genes contributing to auditory neuropathy.

Adolescent↗